广义极值分布的适线法应用

广义极值分布频率曲线,也可采用均值、变差系数和偏态系数等三个统计参数来进行计算。通过建立离均系数表,可以方便地进行频率分析计算。现以澧水某站年最大流量系列为例,采用广义极值分布的适线法进行频率分析计算,成果表明广义极值分布具有一定适应性。     

两种新的水文频率分布模型:Pareto分布和Logistic分布

介绍了两种新的水文频率分布模型——Pareto分布和Logistic分布，分析了它们的统计特性和应用概况，制作了两种分布的离均系数表，能用一般的方法估计参数和设计值，可作为进一步研究频率曲线线型时的参考。     

离均系数φ值的近似计算式

水文统计中最常用的皮尔逊Ⅲ型曲线,在算出统计参数x、C_(?)、C_(?)后,以往一般用查表求得离均系数φ值。现根据金光炎的《皮尔逊Ⅲ型曲线的离均系数φ值表》,可以给出不同频率P的离均系数φ值的近似计算式。     

P—Ⅲ型分布φP值通用算法的研究

指数Γ分布（含Ｐ—Ⅲ型分布）曲线中离均系数ΦＰ值的计算方法，是水文频率分析研究的难点之一。目前，在实际工作中应用的方法都有一定的缺陷。为此，对其数学表达式进行了变换，把它归纳为求解标准化Γ分布分位数的值，并给出了其数值计算的通用算法模型，然后对Ｐ—Ⅲ型分布ΦＰ值和ＳＰ值的计算方法进行了研究。通过实践证明，其通用算法的数学模型具有算法简便、求解灵活、计算精度高、节省存储空间、通用性强、收敛速度快、数值稳定性好等优点     

不完全伽玛函数的快速算法

不完全伽玛函数的快速算法吴明官，李彦兴（黑龙江省水利勘测设计院）一、前言在概率统计中皮尔逊Ⅲ型曲线是比较常见的线型（以下简称Ｐ─Ⅲ型），尤其在工程水文的设计暴雨、洪水、年径流等频率计算中的应用更为广泛。应用Ｐ─Ⅲ型曲线的关键就是如何推求离均系数Φ＿ｐ...     

可考虑历史洪水信息的广义极值分布线性矩法的研究

在水文及其他行业中广义极值分布(GEV)是一种较为常用的分布线型,包括极值Ⅰ型、极值Ⅱ型和极值Ⅲ型分布.在介绍了该分布线性矩与其参数关系后,给出了有效的可以考虑历史洪水信息的线性矩公式,并对由线性矩推求分布密度函数中k值作了改进.通过统计试验计算分析了线性矩在该分布中的统计性能及历史洪水公式的适用性,并与绝对值准则和平方和准则两种不同优化适线法、矩法作了比较.统计试验表明,改进k值计算后的线性矩法略优于传统线性矩法.从总体上讲,改进k值计算后的线性矩法优于平方和准则适线法及矩法,其参数及设计值的不偏性很好,与绝对值准则适线法总体上相当.     

P—Ⅲ型分布离均系数Φ值的高精度高效数值算法

本文提供了水文分析计算中常用Ｐ－Ⅲ型分布离均系数Φ值的高精度高效数值算法，并将该方法计算结果同其它方法成果进行比较与检验，该方法对偏态系数Ｃｓ和概率Ｐ适用范围之宽，计算速度之快及所能达到的计算精度足够满足实际应用的要求。     

非一致性水文频率分析的研究进展

水文频率分析计算需满足独立随机同分布假设,其中同分布是指水文样本在过去、现在和未来均服从同一总体分布,即样本应具有一致性。然而,由于气候变化及人类活动的影响,使得一致性的假设受到挑战,因此变化环境下传统频率计算方法获得的设计结果,其可靠性受到质疑。为此,探索适应非一致性极值系列的频率分析方法已显得非常重要。总结介绍国内外关于非一致性水文频率分析的一些代表性研究成果,主要集中在以下两方面:一是基于还原/还现途径;二是基于非一致性极值系列直接进行水文频率分析途径。最后对进一步值得研究的问题进行了展望。     

P—Ⅲ型分布Φ值数值计算方法比较

皮尔逊Ⅲ型频率曲线的数值计算方法是水文频率计算中的难点之一。本文对近年来提出的几种数值计算方法进行了分析比较，并推导出了各数值计算方法试算离均系数Φ值的迭代公式。最后推荐计算精度高、运算速度快、收敛范围广的级数展开法迭代公式。     

Г分布保证修正值系数В的确定

本文用统计试验法,对Γ分布估算了水文频率计算中适线法结果的保证修正值系数B,并绘制了用绝对值和最小法及最小二乘法适线的B值诺模图。其应用范围为C_s=0～6及p=0.01%～20%。为便于检读,也列出了此两法的B值表。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861