电气石对成岩成矿环境的示踪性及应用条件

本文在系统查阅国内外文献的基础上，结合对我国部分地区电气石的研究，讨论了电气石在不同成岩成矿环境中的鉴别特征及应用条件。在以火山岩和以沉积岩为含矿岩石的块状硫化物矿床中，电气石通常为富镁的镁电气石－黑电气石固溶体系列。在花岗岩、伟晶岩和细晶岩中，电气石有镁电气石－黑电气石固溶体系列→黑电气石－锂电气石固溶体系列→锂电气石和镁电气石－黑电气石固溶体系列→黑电气石电两个方向。此外，还提出了应用电气石指     

中条山铜矿区电气石特征及其对成岩成矿作用的示踪意义

中条山地区是我国著名的铜矿床集中区。在胡-篦型层控铜矿床容矿热液沉积岩建造和铜矿峪型铜矿床容矿钙碱性次火山-火山沉积岩系及其它地质环境内发现有大量电气石产出。电气石均属镁-铁系列,且以不含锂为主要特征。电气石由海底盆地热液沉积作用、火山热液喷气作用及热液交代作用形成。这些地质作用的产生均与中条山地区21亿年左右的岩浆活动有关。由于形成条件和形成方式不同,在不同地质环境产出的电气石具有明显不同的光性和标型特征。     

闽西南地区成岩成矿作用与构造环境

闽西南地区是特提斯构造域向环太平洋大陆边缘构造域转换的典型地区，区内多期构造演化形成了复杂多变的构造单元格局和多种成岩成矿环境。多期多阶段火山侵入岩浆作用为矿集区矿床的形成提供了良好的热液活动条件和深部热源基础。笔者总结了研究区矿床时空演化规律、矿床成矿系列与成矿构造环境的关系，指出复杂多变的构造环境造成了本区矿床具多时代、多层位、多矿种、多成因类型的特点。     

脉钨矿床的多次成岩成矿作用

根据各期次岩体及其岩脉，矿脉间的穿载关系以及“两层矿化”等地质现象，结合有关稳定同位素，成岩与成矿演化关系等资料分析，表明伴随多期次花岗岩浆的侵入，相应地发育有多期次成矿作用，可概括出一个多次成岩与多次成矿的演化模式。多期次成矿作用的研究，不仅可以查明矿体分布和矿化富集的规律性，而且对指导大型矿床的寻找和评价有着重要的实际价值。     

中国东部基底——老变质岩与成岩成矿作用

根据大量地质依据,８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ初始比值特征,钕、铅同位素组成、稀土特征、地球物理特征及前寒武纪基底变质杂岩系岩石和成矿元素含量,讨论了中国东部基底—老变质岩系对中生代火山岩及与岩浆作用有关的贵金属及多金属矿床的影响,指出老变质岩系在后期的成岩成矿作用的巨大贡献。     

长江中下游成矿带火山岩盆地的成岩成矿作用

长江中下游成矿带是我国重要的铜铁多金属成矿带,其中发育溧水、溧阳、宁芜、繁昌、庐枞、怀宁和金牛盆地等火山岩盆地.与成矿带中断降区相比,火山岩盆地内的成岩成矿作用研究仍显滞后.本文综合已有研究工作和资料,以庐枞盆地和宁芜盆地为主,探讨长江中下游地区火山岩盆地的地质特征、岩浆岩时空格架、地球化学特征及成矿作用和成矿模式等....     

湖南瑶岗仙钨矿成岩成矿作用年代学研究

湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床位于南岭东西构造带中部,加里东隆起带与印支-燕山凹陷带的交汇部位。区内出露地层有寒武系、泥盆系、石炭系和侏罗系,其中寒武系和泥盆系为含矿的主要层位。矿体赋存于燕山早期花岗岩体内外接触带。笔者在前人对矿床的地质构造、岩石地球化学以及同位素年代学等方面研究的基础上,采用SHRIMP铀-铅、铷-锶等时线和铼-锇等时线定年方法,对瑶岗仙花岗岩体及赋存于岩体内外接触带的黑钨矿-石英脉进行精确定年,获得岩体锆石SHRIMP铀-铅年龄为(170.7±2.2)Ma(置信度95%,n=12,MSWD=1.7),产于岩体外接触带寒武系地层中的黑钨矿-石英脉年龄为(175.8±4.1)Ma(置信度95%,MSWD=0.88),产于岩体内接触带的黑钨矿-石英脉年龄为(156±3)Ma(置信度95%,MSWD=0.20),产于外接触带石英脉中的辉钼矿年龄为(170±5)Ma。测定结果表明,瑶岗仙钨矿床的形成至少经历了两个成矿期,分别对应于J1/J2过渡期与J2/J3过渡期。今后的深部找矿工作尤其是杨梅岭矿段深部应该注意寻找两个时期分别形成的石英脉型和矽卡岩型矿体。     

韧性剪切带向剪破裂的转化与成岩成矿作用

岩石应力-应变实验表明,在中等载荷(等于或大于岩石蠕变极限)作用下,岩石蠕变最终可导致破裂;三轴差应力实验后的试件中,多见极小的韧性剪切带中存在剪破裂;研究发现,糜棱岩并不一定有利于后来断层的叠加,然而二者共存一处的现象却十分普遍;牵引褶皱和剪切断层的应变速率差别极大,只能先牵后断。由此可见,韧性剪切带在同一构造层次情况下,可在变形较强的部位产生剪破裂;此时温度较高和压力骤降,导致部分熔融和流体卸载,这一转化过程产生的温度、压力和流体浓度等梯度变化,促使流体(物质)运移与富集导致成岩成矿。这一认识对解释动力成岩成矿、断层双层结构模式等诸多问题有重要意义。      

浙东白垩纪双峰式火山岩Sr、Nd同位素组成及其成因意义

浙东白垩纪火山岩以发育双峰式岩石组合为特征,其成因一直是有争议的问题。本文从其两端元岩石——玄武岩和流纹岩的Sr,Nd同位素特征出发,论证了玄武岩起源于经过俯冲来源的物质交代(或混染)的富集型地幔楔,流纹岩主要由古老变质基底重熔生成,并与玄武岩岩浆发生过低度混合。在混合过程中,玄武岩的Sr同位素组成基本未受到影响,Nd同位素组成可能发生一定的变化;流纹岩的Sr同位素组成则有明显改变。     

西藏措勤地区火山岩的年代学与地球化学及其对岩石成因的制约

拉萨地块中部措勤盆地广泛发育酸性火山岩,对该区火山岩的形成时代和产出动力学背景以往研究存在不同认识。本文以区内塔诺错-措勤断裂南北两侧的火山岩为对象,进行了锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素组成,以及全岩元素地球化学组成的系统测定,旨在精确限定火山岩的形成时代,并探讨火山岩的源区组成及可能的成岩动力学制约机制。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,塔诺错-措勤断裂南北两侧火山岩的成岩年龄相近,均介于110~120Ma,说明它们均应归为早白垩世则弄群(K1z),并非以往区调资料所认为的断裂带南侧火山岩属古新世典中组(E1d),而北侧火山岩属早白垩世则弄群(K1z)。区内火山岩主要为一套英安质、流纹质为主体的酸性岩石组合,均可归为高钾钙碱性岩系。火山岩富轻稀土和Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,贫Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,具有与俯冲作用有关弧型岩浆岩的典型特征。它们均具有负的锆石εHf(t)值(=-12.9~-1.6)和偏老的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=1.28~1.99Ga),岩石应主要起源于中部拉萨地块古—中元古代基底的熔融,但成岩过程中有亏损地幔组分的参与。根据对火山岩地质地球化学特征与产出背景的综合分析,表明它们应形成于具较厚陆壳背景的大陆边缘弧环境,早白垩世中晚期班公湖-怒江洋板片的南向俯冲断离是诱发区内火山岩成因的主要动力机制。     

Petrogenesis of the microcrystalline-dioritic enclaves from Jiuling granitoids in the eastern segment of Jiangnan Orogen and constraints on magma source materials

Numerous dark enclaves with different shapes are found in Jiuling Neoproterozoic granitoids. Precise LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating was conducted on zircons extracted from two microcrystalline enclave samples, yielding crystallization ages of 822.6±5.8 Ma and 822.2±6.2 Ma, respectively. The consistent ages within analytical errors with the host granitoids suggested that they were the products of the same magmatism. The microcrystalline-dioritic enclaves commonly show plastic forms and contain similar plagioclase megacrysts to the host rocks, and both of the enclaves and host granitoids showed a complex composition and structural imbalance in plagioclases. Furthermore, the apatites with a euhedral acicular shape occurred widely in the microcrystalline-dioritic enclaves. All of these petrographic features above imply magma mixing is involved in their diagenesis. The enclaves and host granitoids show a marked zircon trace element difference and Hf isotopic signatures without correlation in zircon trace element pairs but form their own system between enclaves and host granitoids. Additionally, most of the zircons show extremely high ε_Hf (t) with ε_Hf (t) =3.54–11.94 from the southern samples, and ε_Hf (t) =1.0–9.09 from the central region. Some zircons with the higher ε_Hf (t) are similar to the zircons from the juvenile island arc in the eastern segment of Jiangnan Orogen. Integrated geological and Hf isotopic characteristics suggest microcrystalline-dioritic enclaves were derived from the partial melting process of the Mesoproterozoic crust which enriched juvenile island arc materials and mixed with the granitic magma that remelted from the Mesoproterozoic continental crust which relatively enriched ancient sediments and mixed with the host granitoid in diagenesis.     

西藏冈底斯南缘中新世含矿斑岩源区组成与成因

青藏高原南部中新世下地壳流动是当前大陆动力学研究的热点,关键科学问题是下地壳的流动方向。LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明冲江斑状黑云母二长花岗岩的形成时代为14.9~14.8 Ma,朱诺斑状花岗岩的形成时代为15.3~14.9 Ma。含矿埃达克质斑岩的特征如下:Si O2含量67.72%~74.49%,K2O含量2.85%~5.98%,Sr含量93~804μg/g,高Sr/Y(16~139)、(La/Yb)N(21~43)比值,Eu/Eu*值为0.6~0.91。冲江岩体锆石εHf(t)值为1.2~5.1,朱诺岩体锆石εHf(t)值为–6.9~–0.1,他们与徐旺春等报道的镁铁质麻粒岩的锆石Hf值(–2.5~4.8)具有很好的叠合性,暗示镁铁质麻粒岩(印度镁铁质下地壳)可以作为他们的岩浆源区。此外,Sr-Nd同位素表现出雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩和拉萨地块两个端元混合的特征,Pb同位素表现出雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩和喜马拉雅富集陆壳端元的特征。上述同位素地球化学特征表明,冈底斯中新世埃达克质斑岩的岩浆源区物质组成包括:拉萨陆壳、印度陆壳、雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩(地幔成分),表现出加厚下地壳部分熔融特征,暗示青藏高原南部由南向北的下地壳流动方向。     

Petrogenesis of Late Jurassic granitoids and relationship to polymetallic deposits in southern China: The Huangshaping example

ABSTRACT

Southern Hunan Province, located in the Cathaysia Block where the Shi–Hang zone and Nanling belt meet, is characterized by extensive Mesozoic magmatism and coeval polymetallic mineralization. The Huangshaping W–Mo–Pb–Zn–(Cu) deposit is representative in this area. However, the petrogenesis of the granitoids associated with the Huangshaping deposit, and their relationships with mineralization, remain undetermined. In this paper we focus on zircon U–Pb dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic compositions in order to further our understanding of these issues, as well as their regional implications. The Huangshaping granitoids are characterized by two pulses of intrusive activity: a first-stage quartz porphyry and a second-stage felsite and granite porphyry, our new data show that the quartz porphyry and felsite formed at 160.5 ± 1.3 and 156.6 ± 1.4 Ma, respectively, representing a period of Late Jurassic magmatism. Granitic enclaves within the quartz porphyry crystallized at 160.2 ± 1.6 Ma, and zircons and apatites from the enclaves exhibit Hf isotopic and geochemical compositions that suggest a Palaeoproterozoic lower crustal melt as one end-member of the magma that formed the quartz porphyry, whereas another likely end-member was coeval mantle-derived magma, as indicated by the geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopes. However, both the felsite and granite porphyry were probably derived from the melting of metamorphic basement rocks in the upper crust. The felsite clearly formed as a result of the rapid ascent and cooling of magma, whereas the granite porphyry underwent fractional crystallization. The magma sources and evolution of the granitoids, as well as their association with the Huangshaping mineralization, suggest that melting of upper crustal components controlled the W–Mo and Pb–Zn mineralization, whereas dehydration of a subducted slab provided the Cu mineralization in southern Hunan Province.     

青海纳日贡玛斑岩钼(铜)矿含矿斑岩矿物学特征及成岩成矿意义

本文侧重于矿物学特征分析对纳日贡玛赋矿斑岩进行了研究,结果表明:斑岩中黑云母斑晶种属为含铁金云母和富镁黑云母,角闪石种属为镁角闪石、透闪石与阳起石。纳日贡玛含矿斑岩属于I型花岗岩类,由幔源岩浆同熔壳源物质而形成;斑岩结晶压力值为1.18×108～1.39×108Pa;闪长玢岩和黑云母花岗斑岩的结晶温度为550℃～650℃,而浅色花岗斑岩则下降为500℃～550℃。斑岩中黑云母的Mg/Fe、Ti、Al、K、Na、Ca及F、Cl等元素含量及比值可以显示纳日贡玛具有良好的含矿性。纳日贡玛结晶压力、温度都较玉龙矿带低,反映纳日贡玛结晶岩浆房更靠近地表。纳日贡玛岩浆源区向壳源区靠近,而玉龙矿带则更靠近幔源区,表明成岩源区中壳幔物质混合比例的不同。     

Degree of Brine Evaporation and Origin of the Mengyejing Potash Deposit: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions in Halite

The Mengyejing potash deposit is located in the southern port of the Simao Basin, Yunnan Province, and is hosted in mid-Cretaceous strata. The chemical compositions of fluid inclusions in halite crystals, collected from the level-610 adit in the deposit, were analysed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The results show that the brine is of the Na-K-Mg-Ca-Cl type and has K concentrations that are distinctly higher than those of Mg and Ca, unlike normal brines associated with Cretaceous halite. The high K concentrations indicate that the degree of evaporation of the ancient Mengyejing saline lake was very high, reaching the sylvite deposition stage but rarely reaching the carnallite deposition stage. The trajectory of the H and O isotopic compositions of the brines in the halite-hosted fluid inclusions corresponds to intense evaporation, indicating that the net evaporation exceeded the net inflow of brines. These brine compositions in halite-hosted fluid inclusions were likely formed by the dissolution of previously deposited K-bearing minerals by fresh continental and/or seawater, forming a type of modified seawater, with deep hydrothermal fluids potentially supplying additional potassium. The basin likely experienced multiple seawater incursion, dissolution and redeposition events in a high-temperature environment with high evaporation rates.     

皖苏鲁新生代玄武岩的Sr-Nd 同位素组成及其含义

皖苏鲁新生代碱性玄武岩34个样品的Sr、Nd同位素组成，总的变化范围为ε°CHUR（Nd）=-4.5-6.9，ε°CHUR（Sr）=-20.4-33.1。分布在大洋玄武岩的Sr-Nd同位素组成范围内。其中江苏省六合一仪征、山东省蓬莱、栖霞和临朐等地区玄武岩同位素组成与PREMA型地幔端元相似，皖东嘉山-来安地区玄武岩具有EMI型地幔端元特征。前者来源于软流圈或更深部的地幔部分，后者来源于不均一的岩石圈地幔部分。来源于较流圈和岩石圈地幔的熔体互相作用决定了皖苏鲁新生代玄武岩 Sr-Nd 同位素地球化学特征。     

浅成-次火山岩黑云母Cu，Au成矿示踪意义

浅成－次火山岩是许多斑岩型和斑岩－浅成低温热液型铜、金矿床矿质和流体的重要来源，斑岩体初始岩浆的Cu,Au丰度，CI，F含量及岩浆结晶时的氧逸度是其能否最终形成含Cu,Au流体的关键因素。黑云母是浅成－次火山中酸性侵入体中最常见的铁镁矿物，含有较丰富的Cu,Au及挥发分CI，F其Fe^3 /Fe^3 (Fe^3 Fe^2 ）比值可以反映其结晶时岩浆的氧化还原状态，尤其是斑晶黑云母往往形成于岩浆流体出溶和去气作用发生之前，它能灵敏地指示其母岩浆的初始Cu,Au丰度和CI，F含量及氧化还原状态，因此，可以作为成矿物质、成矿流体来源的理想示踪矿物，并可用于浅成－次火山侵入人体的成矿潜力。在一些斑岩型铜、金矿床和斑岩－浅成低温热液型金、铜矿床分布区开展浅成－次火山侵入体黑云母的成矿示踪研究，对于解决矿床成因和指导找矿实践均具有重要意义。     

江西宜春雅山花岗岩体的成因与演化及其对成矿的制约

雅山岩体位于钦-杭成矿带东段萍乡-绍兴结合带西端,是华南地区最重要的钽铌矿化稀有金属花岗岩之一。该岩体为一经多阶段演化形成的复式岩体,自早至晚主要可区分为黑鳞云母-白云母花岗岩—锂云母花岗岩—黄玉锂云母花岗岩等不同阶段。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年表明,岩体成岩年龄约为150Ma,属晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物。化学组成上,雅山岩体富硅,贫铁、镁,分异演化程度高,分异指数（D. I）值普遍大于93,并具亚碱、强过铝特征,过碱指数（AKI值）多低于0.80,铝饱和指数（A/CNK值）均大于1.20。岩体富Cs、Rb、Th、U、Nb、Ta,亏损Ba、Sr,稀土总量低,并具显著的Eu负异常（δEu=0.04~ 0.25）。自早至晚,岩体的Na2O/K2O比值渐次增大,F含量逐渐增多,Ta/Nb比值增大,稀土总量急剧降低,Eu负异常和稀土元素四组分效应增强,成岩温度逐渐降低。岩体具有低的εNd(t)值（=-9.5~-10.7）和CaO/Na2O比值（<0.3）,指示其应主要起源于基底地壳中变质泥质岩的部分熔融,但其锆石εHf(t)值变化范围较大（=0.7~-14.8）,表明其成岩过程中也有地幔组分参与。综合分析表明,雅山岩体成因类型应属高分异的S型花岗岩,其成矿受到岩浆高程度分异演化和晚期流体-熔体相互作用的共同影响,但前者是导致Ta、Nb富集的主控因素。