河南桐柏围山城地区侵入岩年代学与地球化学特征

河南省桐柏围山城地区位于华北板块与扬子板块之间的秦岭造山带与大别造山带的衔接部位,本文对产于该区的主要侵入岩体开展了锆石SHRIMP测年和岩石地球化学特征研究.总共对8件样品开展了SHRIMP测年,其中产于破山银矿区的云斜煌岩获得的锆石SHRIMP测年结果为461.8 ± 9.7 Ma,MSWD＝1.10,表明其形成于加里东中期.在桃园岩体及其南部混染带内产出的变辉长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和黑云母花岗岩共获得了6组年龄数据,分别是431.7 ± 8.3 Ma (MSWD＝0.76)、432.3 ± 7.5Ma (MSWD＝0.45)、470.3 ± 8.3Ma(MSWD＝1.3)、431.5 ± 8.2 Ma(MSWD＝1.6)、433 ± 11 Ma(MSWD＝1.8)和426.7 ± 9.1 Ma(MSWD＝1.6),说明桃园岩体是加里东晚期岩浆侵位产物.梁湾岩体花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP测年结果分别为132.5 ± 2.3Ma (MSWD＝1.5)和137.0 ± 3.4Ma (MSWD＝1.9),为燕山中期.锆石SHRIMP测年结果表明,围山城地区主要侵入岩的岩浆活动集中在三个时期,分别是460～470Ma,430Ma和135Ma.侵入岩体的岩石地球化学研究结果表明,与加里东晚期花岗岩相比,燕山中期花岗岩明显富K、Nb和Rb贫Na和Y.Pb-Sr-Nd同位素示踪研究表明,加里东晚期花岗岩明显富含放射性成因Pb,其206Pb/204Pb值为19.342～19.712,平均值19.512,(87Sr/86Sr)i值较低,变化于0.70211~0.704899,εNd (t)值均为正值,变化范围为+3.55～+7.53,显示成岩物质来源较深,可能来自亏损地幔;而燕山中期花岗岩的放射性成因Pb含量低,206Pb/204Pb值为17.278～17.492,平均值17.370, (87Sr/86Sr)i值相对较高,为0.707004~0.716968,εNd(t)值均为较大负值,变化范围为-16.95～-9.76,显示成岩物质来源较浅,可能来自下地壳.围山城地区加里东晚期花岗岩与燕山中期花岗岩岩石地球化学特征上的差别与它们形成时所处的大地构造环境有关,加里东晚期花岗岩形成于弧后环境,而燕山中期花岗岩则形成于华北与扬子两大板块碰撞后的岩石圈减薄与伸展构造环境.     

青海西部祁漫塔格山卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床似斑状 黑云二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

祁漫塔格卡尔却卡铜多金属矿体主要产于花岗闪长岩、似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩体与寒武纪—奥陶纪滩间山群接触部位的矽卡岩带和二长花岗岩中。本次对矿区Ⅶ号带矽卡岩与矿体紧邻的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得年龄为410.1Ma±2.6Ma。结合前人获得的花岗闪长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄（237 Ma±2Ma）和矿石矿物辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄（239Ma）,认为岩体成岩和成矿时代都发生在印支期,卡而却卡铜多金属矿成矿作用不仅与印支期中酸性侵入岩有关,也与加里东晚期酸性侵入岩有关。祁漫塔格地区矿床形成时代主要集中于加里东中晚期和印支晚期,尽管加里东期岩体在地表出露规模远没有印支期岩体规模宏大,但是加里东晚期岩体对成矿作用的贡献也应该引起足够的重视。     

南岭东段赣南地区天门山花岗岩体及花岗斑岩脉的SHRIMP定年及其意义

赣南地区岩浆岩分布广泛,其中燕山期岩浆活动最为强烈,与W、Sn、Nb、Ta成矿的关系尤为密切。选择天门山岩体及附近的花岗斑岩脉为研究对象,应用SHRIMP锆石微区U-Pb测年技术,对天门山岩体的主体、补体和花岗斑岩脉进行了精确测年:天门山岩体的主体——中细粒斑状黑云母花岗岩锆石的9个点SHRIMP谐和年龄为152±2Ma(MSWD=1.09);补体——细粒斑状黑云母花岗岩锆石的5个点SHRIMP谐和年龄为152±2.6Ma(MSWD=0.16);花岗斑岩(墙)脉锆石10个点的SHRIMP谐和年龄为150.8±1.8Ma(MSWD=1.6)。结合区域资料,研究表明:①天门山岩体的主体形成于中侏罗世,补体是主体进一步分异演化的产物;②在赣南西部的崇余犹矿集区内成岩与成矿的年龄基本上是协调一致的,成矿集中期为150~155Ma;③岩浆活动由中深成相花岗岩侵入体演化到浅成相花岗斑岩脉仅相差1~5Ma,表明存在成矿集中期。     

东昆仑喀雅克登塔格杂岩体的SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义

喀雅克登塔格杂岩体位于东昆仑祁漫塔格山东南部,由辉长岩、闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩等岩石类型组成,具有典型的岩浆混合特征.通过对杂岩体中辉长岩和二长花岗岩的锆石进行SHRIMP测年,分别获得403.3±7.2 Ma和394±13 Ma两个极为接近的岩浆锆石年龄以及1 116 Ma的继承锆石年龄.锆石形态学特征显示辉长岩和二长花岗岩中锆石的大致结晶温度分别为850～900℃和600～850℃,提供了杂岩体形成的深度信息.测年结果为研究东昆仑造山带的演化历史提供了重要的年代学资料.     

北祁连西段花岗质岩体的锆石U—Pb年龄报道

通过对北祁连西段野牛滩花岗质岩体中花岗闪长岩和黑云母花岗岩的锆石U-Pb测年,获得206Pb/238U表面年龄统计权重平均值为459.6±2.5Ma,表明其形成于板块俯冲晚期。与之有关的塔儿沟和小柳沟是世界上形成于板块俯冲环境为数不多的大型钨矿床。黑云母花岗岩的锆石U-Pb不一致曲线的下交点年龄为183.1±3.8Ma可能示意北祁连山地区叠加有燕山期地质事件。     

张广才岭张家湾岩体地球化学特征及岩石成因

张广才岭岩体的地质学、岩相学、全岩主量和微量以及锆石U-Pb测年结果显示：张家湾岩体主要岩性为石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩,不同岩石类型之间呈侵入接触关系。岩石富硅富铝,为准铝质—弱过铝质岩石,全碱（Na2O+K2O）质量分数为4.46%～8.66%,主要为高钾钙碱性系列高分异I型花岗岩。稀土和微量元素组成上,均富集LREE、Rb、Th、U、K,相对亏损Ba、Nb、P、Ti,δEu从无异常到中等程度负异常。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄加权平均年龄显示张家湾岩体形成于早侏罗世（石英闪长岩（176.4±2.4） Ma、花岗闪长岩（176.4±2.4）Ma、二长花岗岩（174.7±1.6）Ma)。综合分析主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素以及Sr同位素,均指示该岩体的岩浆主题来源于从亏损地幔中增生的基性下地壳物质。     

南岭诸广山北体复式花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及多期岩浆活动

诸广山复式花岗岩基位于湘、赣、粤三省交界处,是南岭花岗岩的重要组成部分,由南体和北体组成,出露面积大于5000 km2,形成于加里东期、印支期、燕山期3个时代。通过对诸广山北体3期花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,结果表明,加里东期花岗闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(414.5±4.5)Ma(n=13,MSWD=0.52)、(417.3±4.8)Ma(n=12,MSWD=0.84),形成于晚志留世末。印支期黑云母二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄(207.5±2.7)Ma(n=10,MSWD=1.6),形成于晚三叠世末。燕山期二云母二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄(148.2±1.7)Ma(n=13,MSWD=0.93),形成于晚侏罗世。该成果为南岭地区构造-岩浆演化及成矿作用研究,提供了重要的花岗岩年代学依据。     

松潘－甘孜南部玛孜措石英闪长岩的地球 化学特征、同位素年龄及其构造意义

玛孜措石英闪长岩体位于松潘 甘孜地体南部的甘孜地体内,地处鲜水河断裂带西南侧。岩体具高钾（3.53%~3.86%）、富钙（4.91%~6.07%）、贫铝（14.60%~15.24%）,铝饱和指数（A/CNK=0.80~0.89）偏低的特征,岩石稀土总量较低,轻稀土中度富集,δEu介于0.46~0.53之间,Eu中度亏损,岩石（87Sr/86Sr）i比值介于0.707407~0.707640,表明岩浆起源于壳 幔混熔或下地壳物质的部分熔融,属下地壳重熔的I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列。在微量元素构造环境判别图上,样品都落在岛弧区,反映了石英闪长岩具有与岛弧型花岗岩相似的地球化学性质。岩体具较高的Rb（60.1×10-6~85.9×10-6）、Cs（4.01×10-6~19.62×10-6）含量和K2O/Na2O比值（1.31~1.82）,反映源区可能与黑云母的脱水熔融有关。玛孜措石英闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄为221±2.0 Ma（MSWD=1.4）,显示岩体侵位时代为晚三叠世;而全岩Rb Sr等时线年龄为207.0±2.0 Ma（R=0.9979）,显示岩体就位时代为晚三叠世晚期。玛孜措岩体形成于晚三叠世弧后构造环境,是幔源岩浆的底侵作用导致壳-幔混熔的产物。     

青海西部祁漫塔格山卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床似斑状黑云二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

祁漫塔格卡尔却卡铜多金属矿体主要产于花岗闪长岩、似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩体与寒武纪—奥陶纪滩间山群接触部位的矽卡岩带和二长花岗岩中。本次对矿区Ⅶ号带矽卡岩与矿体紧邻的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得年龄为410.1Ma±2.6Ma。结合前人获得的花岗闪长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄（237 Ma±2Ma）和矿石矿物辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄（239Ma）,认为岩体成岩和成矿时代都发生在印支期,卡而却卡铜多金属矿成矿作用不仅与印支期中酸性侵入岩有关,也与加里东晚期酸性侵入岩有关。祁漫塔格地区矿床形成时代主要集中于加里东中晚期和印支晚期,尽管加里东期岩体在地表出露规模远没有印支期岩体规模宏大,但是加里东晚期岩体对成矿作用的贡献也应该引起足够的重视。     

赣南狮吼山硫铁多金属矿区花岗岩地球化学、年代学特征及其成因

狮吼山矿区是江西省内规模最大的矽卡岩型硫铁多金属矿床,伴生W、Cu、Au多种成矿元素,成矿作用与矿区出露的茶山迳复式花岗岩体有关。岩体主要包括茶山迳似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和莲湖细粒二长花岗岩两期,为研究成矿岩体的侵位时代、岩石成因及与成矿的关系,本次工作进行了U-Pb锆石定年、岩相学和岩石地球化学等测试分析。结果表明：岩体具有高硅、高钾、富铝的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩;轻重稀土元素分馏明显,均为右倾型,弱Eu负异常,以富集Cs、Rb、Th、U、Pb,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、和Ti等元素为主要特征,属于低Ba-Sr壳源花岗岩类;锆石具较好晶形,具典型岩浆锆石特征,利用LA-ICP-MS进行U-Pb测年,获得谐和年龄为（162.4±0.6）Ma（MSWD=1.8）,加权平均年龄为（162.4±1.4）Ma（MSWD=1.4）,谐和年龄与加权平均年龄在误差范围内高度一致,表明茶山迳复式岩体侵位于燕山早期中侏罗世;综合考虑岩体矿物组合、主微量元素及高分异特征,认为其成因分类应属于S型花岗岩;对比中国花岗岩成矿元素平均含量,茶山迳两期花岗岩均具有较高的W、Mo、Bi、Pb等成矿元素含量,可同时为成矿作用提供热源、流体及物质。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。