直接转矩控制系统中自学习控制器的研究

交流电动机是一非线性、多变量、强耦合的控制对象,其数学模型较难精确建立,为了克服常规模糊控制器隶属函数不变的缺陷,本文设计了一种具有自学习功能的控制器。在模糊原理的基础上,本控制器借助自学习机制,实现非线性PID控制器参数的实时优化调整,直到系统性能达到预期性能要求为止。把该控制器应用于直接转矩控制系统,通过自学习模糊推理,获得速度环的自适应控制。同常规PID控制器相比,它可以在一定程度上提高系统的动态控制性能。     

Modelling the performance of industrial ball mills using single particle breakage data

Ball milling is an energy-intensive unit operation and usually consumes a major proportion of the power drawn by a typical mineral processing plant. Hence, substantial economic benefits can be achieved by optimal design and by operating ball milling circuits under optimum process conditions. This requires an accurate ball mill modelling technique.In the multi-segment ball mill model, the size-dependent material transport within the mill varies systematically with the amount of coarse particles present in each segment. The ore-specific breakage distribution function can be determined from single particle breakage tests conducted using a computer-monitored twin pendulum apparatus. When the ore-specific breakage distribution function is used in the multi-segment, a constant relationship between the breakage rate parameters and mill diameter is observed. Thus, the performance of an industrial ball mill can be adequately described using the ore-specific breakage distribution function together with the systematic variation of the material transport and the breakage rate functions with process conditions and mill diameter, respectively.This ball mill modelling technique is illustrated using a case study on the design of a ball milling circuit for a particular grinding requirement and another case study on modelling the performance of an industrial ball milling circuit.     

基于线性二次型的多级联输水渠道最优控制

灌溉输配水是水联网链路的重要环节,其自动控制水平直接影响着水联网效率和风险控制能力,对实现水资源高效管理与利用有重要意义。通过变化输水渠道线性积分时滞控制模型,建立了多级联渠道离散时间状态空间方程,基于线性二次型理论设计最优状态反馈控制器,利用MATLAB求解和SOBEK模拟进行了验证。在甘肃省昌马南灌区多级联渠道运行过程优化控制的模拟结果显示,线性二次型算法能够使控制点水位较快恢复并稳定在设定值,控制过程动作与水位波动次数少、幅度小,效果远优于常规分布式PI反馈控制。线性二次型算法能够应对多级联渠道时滞、耦合特性和一般未知取水扰动,实现可靠供水服务和有效运行控制。目前算法仅采用反馈控制,尚无法应对过大未知取水扰动,还有进一步改进空间。     

Development of an inverse analysis framework for extracting dynamic soil behavior and pore pressure response from downhole array measurements

Observations from earthquakes over the past several decades have highlighted the importance of local site conditions on propagated ground motions. Downhole arrays are deployed to measure motions at the ground surface and within the soil profile, and also to record the pore pressure response within the soft soil profiles during excitation. The degradation of soil stiffness as excess pore pressures are generated during earthquake events has also been observed. An inverse analysis framework is developed and demonstrated to directly extract soil material behavior including pore water pressure (PWP) generation from downhole array measurements that can then be readily used in 1D nonlinear site response analysis. The self‐learning simulations (SelfSim) inverse analysis framework, previously developed for total stress site response analysis, is extended to extract PWP generation behavior of the soil in addition to cyclic response during ground shaking. A Neural Network based constitutive model is introduced to represent PWP generation during cyclic loading. A new analysis scheme is introduced that can use data from co‐located piezometer and accelerometer sensors. The successful performance of the proposed framework is demonstrated using four synthetic vertical array recordings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Faster 2-D representation of geotechnical characteristics using MASW method

This paper presents how faster two dimensional (2-D) tomography of soil layers is obtained in geotechnical characteristics through multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method. MASW is developed as a new technique incorporating multiple receivers and 2-D wave-field transformations to obtain better performance in surface wave analysis. Incorporating 2-D tomography technique with multi-channel analysis offers an efficient and cost effective technique in soil site investigations. In the previous research, the Geo-SW@T software was designed and developed with collecting a lot of records including programming array technique to show the 2-D tomography in near surface soil profiling. To make a 2-D tomography of soil profile based on the past planned MASW technique is time consuming for collecting large database through 2-D array of programming language. In this paper, a new idea is established to obtain faster performance in soil tomography profile using array and sub-array technique in MASW. The performance of newly developed tomography technique with MASW method is estimated as faster and important tomography system for using one single record in soil characterizations rather than arranging of multiple records.     

Swarm intelligence-based solver for parameter estimation of laboratory through-diffusion transport of contaminants

Theoretical approaches are of fundamental importance to predict the potential impact of waste disposal facilities on ground water contamination. Appropriate design parameters are generally estimated by fitting theoretical models to data gathered from field monitoring or laboratory experiments. Transient through-diffusion tests are generally conducted in the laboratory to estimate the mass transport parameters of the proposed barrier material. These parameters are usually estimated either by approximate eye-fitting calibration or by combining the solution of the direct problem with any available gradient-based techniques. In this work, an automated, gradient-free solver is developed to estimate the mass transport parameters of a transient through-diffusion model. The proposed inverse model uses a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm that is based on the social behavior of animals searching for food sources. The finite difference numerical solution of the forward model is integrated with the PSO algorithm to solve the inverse problem of parameter estimation. The working principle of the new solver is demonstrated and mass transport parameters are estimated from laboratory through-diffusion experimental data. An inverse model based on the standard gradient-based technique is formulated to compare with the proposed solver. A detailed comparative study is carried out between conventional methods and the proposed solver. The present automated technique is found to be very efficient and robust. The mass transport parameters are obtained with great precision.     

双轮铣槽机铣削过程及截齿入岩顺序优化研究

双轮铣槽机（简称“双轮铣”）是地下连续墙的专业施工装备,布齿系统是其核心部件,其参数设计与破岩性能密切相关。基于连续?非连续单元法（CDEM）,建立了铣轮铣削岩土体过程的三维仿真模拟方法。在此基础上,考虑自由面与铣削关联性等因素,对布齿系统截齿入岩顺序影响破岩性能机制进行了研究,建立了关联铣削条件下以预置相邻自由面数目为主要影响因素的入岩顺序数值概化模型。结果表明：（1）获得的铣轮铣削岩土体的铣削力与铣削深度曲线,验证了此数值模拟方法的正确性;（2）相比于完整岩体,具有单相邻预设自由面与双相邻预设自由面岩样的峰值荷载分别下降了32.5%与68.2%,破岩能耗分别下降了19.8%与56.6%;（3）布齿系统中双相邻预设自由面的截齿占总体截齿数目比值越大,布齿系统整体能耗越低,异构式布齿系统能耗低于顺序式。研究成果为完善双轮铣槽机破岩过程与布齿系统优化提供了基础。     

多功能智能调节仪开关电源设计

针对多功能调节仪表电路的要求,采用TOPSWITCH芯片设计五路输出的AC-DC电源.重点介绍了电源原理电路、高频变压器的设计和调试中的关键问题,文中特别对调试过程中常遇到的启动问题、干扰的抑止问题等作了详细分析,并给出了解决方法,从而保证其输出纹波系数等性能指标.     

矿用钻孔超声流量自适应检测技术

为了更好地实现煤矿井下瓦斯抽采钻孔端流量监测,针对管路内介质成分复杂、纯净度差、稳定性差等因素对抽采流量参数测量准确性影响的问题,提出以时差法为测量原理,以双阈值比较法为检测方法,设计了一套矿用钻孔超声流量自适应检测系统。通过分析影响双阈值比较法测量准确性的关键问题出发,设计了检测系统的总体方案,并对其中激励信号放大电路、接收信号调理电路及由峰值检波电路与增益控制电路构成的自适应电路几项关键模块进行了详细地介绍,叙述了检测系统运行软件的工作流程。通过工况环境适应能力测试与准确度性能检验,对检测系统的功能与性能进行了检验,检验结果表明,该系统能够适应瓦斯抽采钻孔管路内的工况需求,实现高精度的气体流量测量。      

梯度电测深剖面法及其应用

针对常规直流电测深的应用情况,改革布极方式,研究提出梯度测深剖面法。该法能简化布极工序,可用多台接收机或多通道电测仪在多个电测深点上同时(连续)观测,大大提高工作效率。其装置有三极测深、四极测深和中梯测深等,其观测剖面上由于采用供电极稀设方式,能很好地适应二维正反演计算网格,宜于获得带地形的电阻率、极化率断面,实现电测深数据的层折成像。目前,该梯度测深方法已应用于金属矿勘查和工程勘察之中,取得成效。     

背景值优化的多变量灰色模型在路基沉降预测中的应用

路基沉降是一个复杂的系统过程,常用的单点预测模型不能考虑各沉降监测点间的相关性,不足以反映路基整体的变形规律。多变量灰色模型MGM(1, n)是单点GM(1, 1)模型在多元变量条件下的拓展,可以实现对路基中相互影响的多个监测点变形预测模型的建模和预测。针对传统多变量灰色模型背景值取值存在的误差,利用非齐次指数函数拟合模型中各变量的一次累加生成序列重构了背景值计算公式,提出了背景值优化的多变量灰色模型。对路基横断面上3个监测点进行了灰色关联分析,建立了相应的背景值优化的MGM(1,3)模型,采用新陈代谢方法预测路基沉降值。实例计算表明,与传统MGM (1, n)模型以及GM(1, 1)模型相比,背景值优化的多变量灰色模型具有更高的预测精度,显示了该方法进行路基沉降预测的有效性。     

Applying Optimized Support Vector Regression Models for Prediction of Tunnel Boring Machine Performance

One of the main factors in the effective application of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) is the ability to accurately estimate the machine performance in order to determine the project costs and schedule. Predicting the TBM performance is a nonlinear and multivariable complex problem. The aim of this study is to predict the performance of TBM using the hybrid of support vector regression (SVR) and the differential evolution algorithm (DE), artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), and gravitational search algorithm (GSA). The DE, ABC and GSA are combined with the SVR for determining the optimal value of its user defined parameters. The optimization implementation by the DE, ABC and GSA significantly improves the generalization ability of the SVR. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), average distance between planes of weakness (DPW), the angle between tunnel axis and the planes of weakness (α), and intact rock brittleness (BI) were considered as the input parameters, while the rate of penetration was the output parameter. The prediction models were applied to the available data given in the literature, and their performance was assessed based on statistical criteria. The results clearly show the superiority of DE when integrated with SVR for optimizing values of its parameters. In addition, the suggested model was compared with the methods previously presented for predicting the TBM penetration rate. The comparative results revealed that the hybrid of DE and SVR yields a robust model which outperforms other models in terms of the higher correlation coefficient and lower mean squared error.     

大型渠系联合运行状态空间模型不确定性的描述与度量

多渠段联合的自动化运行是现代节水农业的重要发展趋势之一,也是现阶段南水北调中线运行控制的关键技术问题,其控制器的设计求解依赖于线性化的系统数学模型,而多渠段系统本身是高度非线性耦合系统。针对所建立的多渠段多输入多输出(MIMO)模型,对其不确定性的来源做分类分析,作为系统鲁棒控制器设计的基础。将线性化的模型作为标称模型,不确定性采用模型之间差异矩阵的最大奇异值表示。以一个六渠段串联的算例进行求解,得出其模型不确定性的定量描述。     

肃北富硅硫磺矿选矿试验研究

肃北硫磺矿床矿石中有用矿物为自然硫,硫品位一般在23%～36%。一直采用土法焚烧熔炼回收硫磺,造成环境污染和硫资源的浪费。通过对硫磺矿石进行物质组成研究和实验室流程选矿试验研究,确定了合理的工艺流程。矿石经一段开路和一段闭路磨矿后,采用最佳配比混合抑制剂及其他优化条件进行浮选,获得回收率为92.46%、含S80.78%的工业用硫磺精矿,为该硫磺矿的合理开发利用提供了科学依据。     

基于ARM7和USB技术的工业CT数据采集系统设计

针对传统工业CT体积大、成本高、传输速率低以及操作不便等问题,本文提出了一种基于ARM7和USB技术的工业CT数据采集系统设计方案。硬件采用32位的LPC2290作为核心控制器,设计了具有高集成度的信号调理电路和电机控制电路,并结合接口芯片CH376实现了高速高效、即插即用的USB传输;采用VC语言编写了上位机的采集控制软件,采用c语言和汇编语言混合编写了下位机的控制软件。软硬件联合测试结果说明：采集系统数据传输稳定可靠、高效便捷,步进电机控制方便精确,能够满足新型工业CT的发展要求。     

Fast automatic solution of the inverse resistivity problem

The paper presents a fast automatic approach to solve the inverse resistivity problem, assisted by optimization, which is a non-linear model-fitting technique. The selected inverse problems are ill-posed and the inverse solution is defined by ‘best fit’ in the sense of least-squares. Formulations are presented in a systematic manner for Newton’s method, least squares method and Marquardt’s modification (ridge regression) method based on local linearization of non-linear problem. The convergence of least-squares method and Marquardt’s method, to provide a robust solution, are first tested on a theoretical model and effectiveness of Marquardt’s method is demonstrated, and then two-field apparent resistivity curves from Banda district, India are interpreted and discussed.     

History matching on the Imperial College fault model using parallel tempering

The history-matching inverse problem from petroleum engineering is analysed using the Imperial College fault model. This fault model produces a challenging inverse problem and is designed to show some of the problems which can occur whilst performing history-matching calculations on complicated geologies. It is shown that there can be multiple distinct geologies which match the history data. Furthermore, it is shown that the maximum-a-posteriori estimate does not correspond to the true geology in some cases. Both of these statements are corroborated via numerical examples where the parameter spaces are ?, ?³, ?⁷ and ?¹³. In addition, it is shown that the number of matches which agree with the data increases with dimension for these examples. It is also shown that the different matches can result in different reservoir management decision which, if incorrectly taken, would incur substantial financial penalties. All of these analyses are performed in a systematic manner, where it is shown that the standard algorithms can give a misleading answer. The history-matching problem is written as a minimisation problem, and it is shown that knowledge of all of the local minima is required. This presents significant computational issues as the resulting objective function is highly nonlinear, expensive to evaluate and multimodal. Previously used algorithms have been proved to be inadequate. Parallel tempering is a method which, if run for long enough, can find all the local minima. However, as the objective is expensive, a number of algorithm modifications had to be used to ensure convergence within a reasonable time. This new information is outlined in the paper. The algorithm as implemented produced results and new insights into this problem which were not suspected before. The results produced by this algorithm for the multimodal history-matching problem are superior to all other results of which we are aware. However, a considered amount of computation time was used within this paper, so this result does not infer that the algorithm cannot be improved upon. This algorithm not only produces good results but can be applied to all other history-matching problems. We have shown that this method provides a robust route of finding multiple local optima/solutions to the inverse problem, which is of considerable benefit to the petroleum industry. Furthermore, it is an entirely parallel algorithm which is becoming computationally feasible for other history-matching problems.     

Development of a coupled pile-to-pile interaction model for the dynamic analysis of pile groups subjected to vertical loads

Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents a new analytical model for calculating the dynamic performance of pile groups subjected to vertical loads. The derived solution allows considering the robust...     

电极布置形式对电渗效果影响的试验研究

以提高电渗效率、改善电渗效果为目标,通过室内模型试验研究了长方形、梅花形和平行错位3种不同电极布置形式对电渗排水效果的影响。试验采用铝管电极,并保证各组试验处理面积、外加电压和处理时间一致。通过比较分析各试验排水量、电流降低率、裂缝开展和能耗系数得到以下结果：电极长方形布置时,裂缝最为规则、排水效果一般;电极平行错位布置时,排水效果最好,电流降低率最大,但从能耗系数的角度来评判仍然表现最好;电极梅花形布置时,裂缝开展最复杂,且产生了纵截面贯穿裂缝,严重影响了后期的电渗效果,但在裂缝大量开展前,其电流降低率极小。总结室内试验的结果,建议优先采用电极平行错位布置形式进行电渗处理。