TraceeElements in Leccinum scabrum mushrooms and topsoils from Kłodzka Dale in Sudety Mountains, Poland

In the current study, we determined concentrations and transfer rates of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn to Brown Birch Scaber Stalks (Leccinum scabrum) mushrooms emerged in the area of Sudety Mountains (Sudetes) in Poland. Fruiting bodies and topsoil samples beneath L. scabrum were collected form the K odzka Dale. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for final measurement. Mushrooms contained Ag, Cr, Hg, Co, Ni and Sr at < 1.0 μg/g dry weight; Ba and Pb at ~1.0 μg/g dw; Cd at < 5 μg/g dw; Cu and Mn at > 10 μg/g dw; Al and Ca at ~100 μg/g dw; Fe, Na, Rb and Zn at 100 to 500 μg/g dw, Mg at ~1,000 μg/g dw; P at ~5,000 μg/g dw and K at ~30,000 μg/g dw. Ca, Mn and Ni were nearly equally distributed between stipes and caps; stipes compared to caps were enriched in Ba, Na and Sr, while caps were enriched in Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, P, Pb, Rb and Zn. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied highly depending on chemical element and were >1 for Ag, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb and Zn, while <1 for Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sr. Topsoil showed elevated content of lead and mean concentration was 99 ± 32 μg/g dw, while cadmium was at 0.41 ± 0.15 and those two highly toxic to human elements occurred in edible caps of L. scabrum at 4.5 ± 2.2 and 2.9 ± 2.0 μg/g dw, respectively.     

BACKGROUND STUDY ON NON-RESIDUAL PHASE OF ELEMENTS IN CHANGJIANG AND HUANGHE ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS

Analysis of Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cr, Li, Ni, K, Al, Fe extracted by 1 mol/L HCl or 0.5 mol/LHCl/H_2O_2, showed concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni were significantly correlated with Li, Al,K, and clay. Two methods are used to indicate the background value of the non-residual phase of elementsin sediments, and are the same as the methods used to indicate the background value of totalconcentrations in sediments. The first method uses correlograms and regression equations,the second usesthe mean element concentrations normalized with grain size. Li, Al, K can be used as reference elements to determine the background value of Zn, Cu, Pb, Co,Cr, Ni, Fe, while the clay concentration's correlation with some extractable concentrations can be used tocalculate the background value of the non-residual phase of elements as a percentage of clay concentrationin the sediments. Based on this study, the concept of using the background value of the non-residualphase of elements to compare the pollution level in differ     

胶东乳山金矿区原生晕地球化学特征及深部成矿预测

英格庄金矿以相对富As、Co、Ni而三甲和铜锡山金矿则以相对富Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag为特征.聚类分析显示,英格庄金矿具Bi+Hg、As+Sb+Co与Pb+Zn组合,三甲金矿具Bi+Hg+As+Sb+Co、Pb+Zn与Ag+Cu+Au组合,而铜锡山金矿则显示Bi+Hg+Sb+Pb+Ag、Cu+Au+Zn+As及Mo+Ni组合.结合Ni、Co、Mo与Ag、Hg、As、Sb等的相关特征,认为上述三个金矿均有成矿头尾晕叠加现象.Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Bi、Hg、Mo等元素垂向变化规律显示,英格庄金矿在-200m标高以下、三甲金矿在-500m标高以下尚有成矿富集段存在.其中,所确定的英格庄金矿的靶位在16勘探线附近,三甲金矿的靶位则在16～20勘探线间.     

Spatial Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediment of Songhua River,Northeast China

The Songhua River, one of the seven major rivers in China, locates in Northeast China with 1897 km long. This study aims to investigate the concentrations, distribution, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals including copper(Cu),zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), nickel(Ni) and chromium(Cr) in main stream and tributaries of the Songhua River in Jilin Province, Northeast China. Surface sediment samples(0–15 cm) were collected from 39 sampling sites in the Songhua River in July2012. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr were analyzed. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were(24.0 ± 9.2) mg/kg,(59.3 ± 18.0) mg/kg,(4.0 ± 2.1) mg/kg,(39.0 ± 27.9) mg/kg,(18.5 ± 8.6) mg/kg and(56.1 ± 17.6) mg/kg for Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni,respectively. The average contents of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni were higher than their background values. Higher concentrations of heavy metals were found in the lower reaches with industrial enterprises and cities along the Songhua River. Zn, Pb and Ni might come from industrial sewage and mineral processing, while Cu and Cd were derived from electroplating wastewater and agricultural non-point source sewage. Cr originated from lithogenic sources. The concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cr were below the effect range low(ERL) at all sites, while Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations were detected ranging from ERL to the effect range median(ERM) at more than 15% of samples. Concentrations of Ni exceeded ERM in more than 50% of samples. The mean toxic units of heavy metals in the Songhua River decreased following the order: Cd(6.7) Pb(2.2) Ni(1.6) Cu(0.7) Cr(0.5) = Zn(0.5). Potential ecological risk index was found to be higher in middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River, where Cd could impose an extremely high ecological risk.     

TBP萃取色层分离测定黄铁矿中金、银等九项元素

本文所述的是测定黄铁矿中九项元素的方法;按分析流程,0.2g试样可完成25项的测定.本文重点论述了用聚三氟氯乙烯-TBP萃取色层分离Au与Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd、Mn和Co的试验.洗脱液用以测定Au,流出液测定其他八个元素,所有元素均定量回收.     

Geochemical Characteristics and Sources of Some Chemical Components in Sediments of Zhuiiang（Pearl） River Estuary

Sediment cores with length of 25 - 45cm at 12 stations in Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary were sampled in summer of 1999. Chemical components (Al2O3 , Fe2O3, CaO, TiO2, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, V, Ba, Sr and Y) and grain sizes were analyzed. Sediments in Zhujiang River Estuary are characterized by relatively coarse grain size. The grain sizes of the sediments in the area outside the estuary are relatively finer than those in the north part of the estuary but coarser than those in the middle of Lingdingyang and have a trend similar to the spatial distribution trend of some chemical components such as Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, V, Cu, Ni, Zn and Y. This showed that grain size is an important factor that controls the spatial distribution and depth profile of chemical elements in the Zhujiang River Estuary. Frequent re-suspension, re-transportation and redistribution of settled sediment on estuary floor could be deduced from the spatial distributions and depth profiles of chemical components. Except for CaO and Sr, the chemical components always enrich at the west side of, in the middle of, and at the north side of, the estuary. Fe2O3, Al2O3, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu and Y in Zhujiang River Estuary sediments mainly result from rock and soil weathering except that parts of Cr, Ni, Zn Cu and Y are anthropogenic. CaO and Sr in sediments originate from marine source. Although Co as well as Pb derives from anthropogenic sources, human activities related to Co might differ from the activities related to Pb.     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGJIANG ESTUARY ENVIRONMENT

Analysis of material from three 55- cm long cores collected with box corer m summer of 1988 in the Changjiang Estuary region yielded data on the sedimentation rate, granulometric composition and contents of carbonates, organic matter, Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb there. Subsequent study of the data led to the conclusion that there is no obvious pollution in the region based on the absolute value of the content of heavy metals, but the region is in potential danger of being polluted as seen by the obvious increase of sedimentation flux of heavy metals to and the enrichment of them on the surface sediment during the last several years, e.g. Pb increased by 10-20μg/g, Zn by about 30μg/g, Cu by 5-10μg/g and Mn by 150μg/g.A ferromanganese redox interface was found at about 40 cm depth of sediments where Fe and Mn and associated trace metals are enriched. The trace metals such as Zn, Cu have (but Pb does not) the same source, forms, displacement mechanism and geochemical behaviours as those of Fe and Mn in t     

二道沟金矿床中黄铁矿的标型特征

本文从黄铁矿形态、成分、物理性质和硫同位素方面研究了二道沟金矿床中黄铁矿的标型特征,得出二道沟金矿黄铁矿的标型特征是:晶形以五角十二面体、立方体或其聚形品为主,高S/Fe值,高As、Bi、AuAg,高As/Sb值,高Cu、Pb、Zn,低Hg、Co、Ni,Co/Ni值大于1。黄铁矿导电类型为空穴型、混合型和电子型,以混台型为主;δ~(34)‰直绝大多数为-2—+3。研究表明,黄铁矿标型可直接作为寻找和评价金矿的矿物学标志以及确定矿床成因的指示标志。     

COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS IN MANGANESE NODULES COLLECTED FROM THE NORTH PENRHYN BASIN

Manganese nodules collected from the North Penrhyn Basin are characterized by low content of Mn and Fe, medium content of Ni and Cu , and medium Mn / Fe ratios . The average content of Ni plus Co is 1.11% , maximum 1.89% . Ni content slightly exceeds the Cu content in the nodules. Ni and Cu are strongly correlated with Mn , whereas Co is strongly correlated with Fe . Nodules containing Ni+Cu+Co near or in excess of 1% are rich in Mn and have a high Mn/Fe ratio. Those with highest content of Ni+Cu+Co are concentrated at or near the carbonate compensation depth . Nodules metal contents vary with latitude and have a reciprocal relationship with abundance. Contents of Mn, Ni, Cu and Ni+Cu+Co are high in nodules found at 2 - 6°S and vary decreasingly toward 1°N and 12°S , whereas Co content varies increasingly from 2°S towards 12°S. Nodule compositional variations with latitude are controlled by biological productivity, carbonate compensation depth , sedimentation rate, and bottom current.     

Vertical physicochemical parameter distributions and health risk assessment for trace metals in water columns in eastern Lake Tanganyika,Tanzania

The vertical distributions of trace metals and physicochemical parameters in water columns in Kigoma Bay and Kungwe Bay in eastern Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, were studied. The Al, Ba, Ca, Co,K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Sn, Sr, and V concentrations were low and varied very little with depth. The toxic heavy metal(As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were relatively high in the surface water, and the Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations decreased with depth. Principal component and cluster analyses indicated that the metals in the lake had three main sources. Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Sr, Sn, and V were found to be geogenic; As, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn anthropogenic; and As, Ca, Co, Mg, and Na biogenic.Human health risk assessments were performed, and it was found that trace metals in the water at most of the sampling sites would cause no potential adverse ef fects or non-carcinogenic health risks through dermal contact or ingestion. However, trace metals in surface water in Kungwe Bay could have certain adverse ef fects on human health through the ingestion pathway(the total hazard quotient for ingestion(ΣHQi ng)was 1.75(a value 1 was de?ned as possibly indicating adverse ef fects). The Pb HQi ng for surface water in Kungwe Bay was 1.50 and contributed 80% of the ΣHQ_(ing_, implying that Pb pollution is a water quality and safety problem that needs to be carefully monitored and the potential sources identi?ed.     

招远大尹格庄金矿床微量元素特征及其意义

该文以山东招远大尹格庄金矿床中微量元素为研究对象,通过对矿床围岩、矿石等微量元素的研究,表明大尹格庄金矿围岩中微量元素以富含Bi,Au,Pb,W,Ag,Sn为特点,矿体和矿化体中元素组合为Au,Ag,As,Sb,Hg,B,Cu,Zn,Bi,Mo,Mn,Co,Ni,W。在5个成矿阶段中,第二阶段与第三阶段微量元素的富集程度较明显,表现为Au,Ag,As,Co,Bi,Cu,Pb,Zn等的富集,成矿元素可分为2个分带序列,主成矿元素为Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn-Bi组合、头晕元素As-Sb-Hg组合和尾晕元素Co-Ni组合。     

金刚石中微量元素的同步辐射X射线荧光分析

利用同步辐射X射线荧光技术,对人工合成金刚石以及产自山东、辽宁、湖南的天然金刚石进行了微量元素的测试分
析。结果表明,在合成金刚石中,检测到了第四周期的元素(除As、Ge、Kr和Br外)和Pb;其中Fe、Co、Ni相对含量高,可能是合成
时触媒的混入引起的。天然金刚石中检测到的微量元素有Ca、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、W、Au和Pb,但相对含量比合成金
刚石中相应的微量元素相对含量低。不同产地的天然金刚石中的微量元素种类及含量存在差异,反映了金刚石地幔生长环境的
不同及岩浆对金刚石生长过程的影响。      

煤中重金属元素的溶出潜力及其影响因素

水-煤相互作用是影响煤矿矿井水水质的重要因素之一。为揭示煤中重金属元素的溶出机制,利用连续化学提取、浸溶实验等方法分析了煤中10种重金属元素赋存形态,量化了水-煤相互作用过程中重金属元素平均溶出浓度,梳理了影响煤中重金属元素溶出的内在和外在因素。结果表明：(1)煤中的Hg和Cr主要以残渣态存在;Mo主要以残渣态和可氧化态存在;Ni、Cu、Co、Zn和Cd主要以残渣态、可氧化态和弱酸提取态存在;As和Pb主要以残渣态、可氧化态和可还原态存在。(2)各重金属元素的平均溶出浓度从高到低依次为Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Co、Mo、As、Cd、Pb、Hg,对应浓度分别为25.73、25.21、18.12、13.22、8.10、4.31、0.77、0.60、0.50、<0.10μg·L^-1。(3)影响煤中重金属元素溶出的内在因素包括元素赋存含量、元素赋存状态和存在形式、煤炭产酸性能、水体Eh值等;外在因素包括氧暴露条件、水-煤相互作用时间等。在内在和外在因素的共同影响下,导致了不同地区煤中重金属元素溶出特征具有较大差异。     

化探样品中部分元素测定溶矿方法的改进

文章研究了用 1∶1王水分解化探样品中Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Fe、Mn等元素新的样品溶解测定方法 ,即王水分解测定法 ,该法的检出限、准确度、精密度均达到 1∶5万化探样品分析要求。此法已用于化探及区域地质普查样品分析 ,并取得了较好效果     

鲁西莱阳茌梨产地小流域沉积物重金属生态风险评价及来源分析

富集在河流沉积物中的重金属是长期影响河流地表水和周边农田土壤环境生态的潜在威胁。采集鲁西五龙河小流域表层沉积物样品,分析As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn共8种重金属的含量,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法评价重金属元素污染现状和潜在生态风险,运用正定矩阵因子矩阵法对沉积物重金属来源进行解析。结果表明,沉积物重金属中Cr、Cu、Hg和Ni的平均含量明显高于相关背景值,显示一定的富集特征。重金属污染程度排序为Ni>Hg>Cu>Cr>Cd>Zn>As>Pb,其中Cu、Hg和Ni为偏中度污染,Cd和Cr为偏轻度污染,As、Zn和Pb为无污染。沉积物重金属潜在生态风险低、中、较高等级风险占比分别为40.8%、48.1%和11.1%,Hg和Cd为主要潜在生态风险元素,分别表现为较高潜在生态风险和中等潜在生态风险,风险点主要分布在五龙河汇合口和富水河中。研究区重金属污染来源主要有自然源(Cr和Ni)、混合源(As、Cd、Hg和Pb)和果园农药(Cu和Zn),三者贡献率分别为30%、31%和39%。     

Heavy metal concentration and its evaluation in the organisms from Meizhou Bay

The present paper reports Zn,Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni,Fe,Mn and Co contents in the tissues of oyster,solen,red-tail prawn,sea eel and kelp,taken from Meizhou Bay(and analysed by flame atomicabsorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion)in June 1992,and also the concentration factors esti-mated from the mean metal concentrations in the organisms and water there.Heavy metal concentrationsin every species of the organisms followed the pattern:Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn>Pb,Cd,Ni,Co and in variousorganisms showed considerable variation.In general,levels of most of these metals were in the order:softtissues of the bivalves>the kelp>muscles of the red-tail prawn,the sea eel.The greatest concentrationof most metals was found in the gill or viscera of the sea eel,whereas the muscle tissues,in general,con-tained only low concentrations of them.The Cu,Zn concentration factors of the oyster were higher by1—2 orders of magnitude than that of the other organisms.The observed heavy metal levels were closeto those reported from various waters     

新疆东昆仑三岔顶地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿方向研究

通过开展三岔顶一带1:5万水系沉积物测量,分析了研究Au,Ag,Cu,Pb,Zn,W,Sn,Mo,As,Bi,Sb,Cr,Ni,Co,Hg,Cd共16种元素地球化学参数特征及其相关性,认为该区元素的富集与地层、构造、岩浆岩明显相关;Hg,Cr,Ni,W,As,Au,Pb,Zn等元素变异系数较大,易于形成异常;Ag,As,Au,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Sb,Zn等10种元素不同程度富集,成矿可能性大。通过因子分析,提取了6种具有代表性的因子组合类型,讨论了各元素空间分布特征。全区共圈定31处地球化学综合异常,在综合异常查证的基础上,结合区域成矿地质条件、矿产地质特征,圈定出寒凝泉铬钴镍铜、黄沙河东铜银钼铅多金属、月牙湾铜银铅锌多金属3处找矿远景区,为该地区进一步开展找矿工作提供了基础地球化学依据。     

青海祁连县黑河—祁连河流域1:5万地球化学土壤测量数据处理与解释

一九七三年至一九七八年间,青海地质局第二地质队在祁连县境内黑河——祁连河流域,开展了1:5万以铬为主的综合矿产普查工作,并配合物化探重砂测量进行同比例尺的扫描。在1784KM~2的测区范围内,用测网控制取土壤样18303个。用激发光谱进行半定量分析,报出主要元素有Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、V、Pb、Zn等。     

农用地土壤中7种重金属可提取态的测定

该文以氯化钙溶液进行提取,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和原子荧光光谱法,测定农用地土壤中Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni等7种重金属可提取态,检出限在0.003~0.06 mg/kg之间。该方法用于4个可提取态质控样品的测定,测定值与推荐值基本相符,测定的相对标准偏差(n=8)在3.3%~9.1%之间。基于800余件农用地土壤样品的测定数据,对7种重金属可提取态与土壤pH值及重金属总量之间的关系进行了初步考察。结果表明,7个重金属可提取态和总量关系无明显相关性,仅在土壤酸性条件下可提取态Cd与总量Cd呈正相关性。7种重金属提取率大小顺序为Cd>Zn>Ni>Cu,As>Pb>Cr,其中Cd,Zn,Ni,Cu,Pb的提取率随土壤pH值的增大而迅速下降,而As,Cr在土壤碱性条件下的提取率略高于中酸性条件下的提取率。