胶东新城金矿地质构造特征及深部找矿方向

新城金矿历经20余年的开采,保有矿量服务年限逐渐减少,影响了矿山可持续发展。Ⅴ号盲矿体的发现,证明了矿床深部具有良好的成矿地质条件,为矿山深部第二富集带找矿提供了依据。本文为胶东金矿成矿规律及矿床深部找矿方向的研究,提供了有重要参考价值的资料。      

南岭东段九龙脑矿田成矿规律与找矿方向

九龙脑矿田位于南岭东段矿床分布最为集中、成矿强度最大的崇(义)-(大)余-(上)犹矿集区内,成矿条件优越,矿床类型丰富,同时发育矽卡岩型、热液脉型、云英岩型、破碎带蚀变岩型和风化壳型等多种类型矿床,形成了以九龙脑岩体为矿化中心,以钨锡为主,金银铜铅锌及铀、铌钽共生分带的矿化格局,在南岭乃至整个华南地区的成矿元素组合上极具代表性。通过对九龙脑矿田内岩浆活动与成矿作用的初步研究发现,不同类型矿床在成矿物质来源上与九龙脑岩体密切相关;在空间上东西成行,南北成列,构成网格状分布格局;成矿作用主要发生在燕山期,但同时印支期也伴随钨锡成矿作用。各矿床有可能归属于不同的成矿系列,或者属于同一个成矿系列的不同亚系列,或者同一个成矿(亚)系列的不同矿床式。并进一步提出1就矿找矿,对已知石英脉型矿床开展深部找矿;2根据分带性,对外带和内带矿床的找矿潜力进行评价;3根据共伴生规律,通过综合评价,明确找矿方向,拓展找矿领域;4根据区域成矿规律,通过区域对比,借鉴邻区矿田的成功经验,大胆实践;5打破常规思维,开拓新思路等五个找矿工作部署方向。     

广东新兴县天堂多金属矿地质特征及钼矿床找矿方向

天堂矿是一个以铜铅锌为主的多金属汽水热液矿床,在矿床深部的岩体中发现有辉钼矿(化)体发育。文章在对矿区地质特征及控矿规律总结的基础上,指出岩体边缘张节理辉钼矿是内接触带找矿的主要方向,初步判断了矿化的有利位置。     

大兴安岭南段锡矿成矿特征及找矿前景

大兴安岭南段是我国重要的铅锌银锡多金属成矿集中区,但长期以来找矿重点一直以铅锌银为主,锡矿基本没有列入重点找矿对象。近几年该地区锡矿找矿取得重大进展,相继发现了维拉斯托大型锡铷铌钽矿和园林子北山、边家大院中型锡矿等,显示锡矿勘探的良好前景。锡矿与铅锌银矿存在密切的时空关系,并具一定的矿化分带特征。前人通过矿床地质特征及成岩、成矿年代学研究,也论证了锡与铅锌银应属同一成矿系统的产物。本文基于这种认识,分析研究最新锡矿勘查和研究成果,充分利用区域锡地球化学异常资料,总结了该地区锡成矿地质特征、成矿规律,认为锡成矿地质体为晚侏罗世-早白垩世中酸性侵入岩体,锡矿产出的有利部位为岩体顶部、与围岩接触带、锡地球化学异常、铅锌银矿产地的深部,各项有利信息表明,区内锡矿具有很大资源潜力。据此,圈定了9个锡矿找矿远景区,其中赤峰克什克腾(黄岗、维拉斯托、拜仁达坝为代表)、白音诺尔-浩布高和查干哈达-先锋远景区锡资源潜力大,具有较好的找矿前景。     

浙江临安学川萤石矿区地质特征与成矿条件分析

学川萤石矿床为中型规模萤石矿床,位于浙江临安西部,学川-武村背斜的北西翼。矿区共有5条矿体,受断裂控制基本呈北西、北西西或近东西向脉状产出,以萤石-石英型和条带状矿石为主,品位较高,属燕山晚期中低温热液裂隙充填型矿床。在综合分析区域地质、矿体特征等的基础上,对学川萤石矿的成矿条件、矿床成因进行了探讨,提出花岗岩体内外接触带、花岗岩岩株顶面凸起与成矿前北东向断裂汇合部位、近矿围岩蚀变、硅化带、开采巷道两端和深部五个找矿方向,为进一步的找矿工作奠定了基础。     

盘龙铅锌矿深部找矿成果及其地质意义

盘龙铅锌矿地处广西象州—武宣重晶石铅锌成矿带南端,地质工作程度较高,历经了普查、详查各阶段的发展,但一直以来铅锌找矿工作成效不大,探明的资源储量仅为中型铅锌矿床规模。近两年来,矿山加强矿床成矿地质条件、控矿因素及成矿规律研究,不囿于以往地质工作形成的找矿思路,大胆开展深部找矿尝试,取得了显著的找矿效果。本文在介绍盘龙铅锌矿勘查概况、成矿地质背景与地质特征的基础上,总结了矿山深部找矿成功的经验,讨论了矿床控矿因素与成矿规律,指出盘龙铅锌矿深部找矿的成功对象州—武宣地区寻找大型铅锌矿床和在该地区开展深部铅锌找矿均具有重要的地质意义。     

康古尔韧性剪切带金矿床成矿特征及成因

通过对康古尔韧性剪切带型金矿床的区域地质背景和成矿环境、矿体产出形态、矿石特征、成矿阶段、矿床微量元素及稀土元素、矿床形成机理、成矿控制条件、矿床类型、找矿标志的研究 ,对成矿规律和建立综合找矿模型均具有一定的指导意义     

内蒙古双尖子山银多金属矿床锡矿化的发现及其意义

大兴安岭南段是中国重要的有色金属成矿带,区内发育众多锡银铅锌等多金属矿床.双尖子山银铅锌多金属矿床是近年来发现的一个以银为主的超大型矿床,前人研究普遍认为该矿床是典型中低温岩浆-热液型矿床,缺乏高温成矿阶段.然而,文章在该矿床的井下和深部钻孔发现了大量铜锡矿化,表明双尖子山银多金属矿床的深部和外围具有巨大的锡铜资源找矿潜力.     

内蒙古双尖子山银多金属矿床锡矿化的发现及其意义

大兴安岭南段是中国重要的有色金属成矿带,区内发育众多锡银铅锌等多金属矿床.双尖子山银铅锌多金属矿床是近年来发现的一个以银为主的超大型矿床,前人研究普遍认为该矿床是典型中低温岩浆-热液型矿床,缺乏高温成矿阶段.然而,文章在该矿床的井下和深部钻孔发现了大量铜锡矿化,表明双尖子山银多金属矿床的深部和外围具有巨大的锡铜资源找矿潜力.     

内蒙古双尖子山银多金属矿床锡矿化的发现及其意义

大兴安岭南段是中国重要的有色金属成矿带,区内发育众多锡银铅锌等多金属矿床.双尖子山银铅锌多金属矿床是近年来发现的一个以银为主的超大型矿床,前人研究普遍认为该矿床是典型中低温岩浆-热液型矿床,缺乏高温成矿阶段.然而,文章在该矿床的井下和深部钻孔发现了大量铜锡矿化,表明双尖子山银多金属矿床的深部和外围具有巨大的锡铜资源找矿潜力.     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.