基于昆明市精细化GIS的天气雷达标准格式基数据应用

以国家地理信息公共服务平台、云南数字乡村、Mapinfo公共数据为数据源,在C#开发环境下实现了精细到乡镇、公路、行政村、自然村的昆明市精细化地理信息系统(GIS)的自主研发,解决了基层气象部门缺乏精细化GIS的难题。介绍了标准格式基数据的解析、成图过程及注意事项,在全国范围内较早实现了天气雷达标准格式基数据在基层气象部门的业务应用。在业务应用过程中,发现了CC天气雷达标准格式早期基数据存在回波强度严重减弱的问题;昆明市精细化GIS与昆明天气雷达回波图的融合应用,可以精确定位雷达强回波区,对精细化气象服务具有指导作用,提高了强天气精细化预警能力、短时临近精细化预报能力和防灾减灾能力。     

CINRAD/CC天气雷达标准格式基数据与现行业务格式基数据的对比分析

该文从命名方式、数据结构两方面介绍CINRAD/CC天气雷达标准格式基数据和现行业务格式基数据的区别,对比分析昆明和昭通两部试点雷达在几次天气过程中基本反射率因子和径向速度的量化差异,得到结论:命名方式和数据存储结构不同;角度分辨率不同,标准格式基数据比现行业务格式基数据的角度分辨率低0.3°;标准格式基数据存在径向数据缺失和径向放射状回波减弱现象;昆明标准格式基数据比现行业务格式基数据回波强度严重减弱,回波强度极值减弱23～29 dBz,伴随回波显示面积缩小现象。     

基于雷达基数据的探测回波自动报警系统设计与实现

利用天气雷达厂商提供的雷达基数据类CINRADPolarDat处理解析雷达基数据,对雷达基数据进行解码,实时检索新一代天气雷达体扫基数据,提取回波强度、范围大小、位置等基本信息作为报警判据,并将报警判据分为安全级、观察级、预警级和警报级四个警戒级别进行报警提示。系统通过Microsoft Visual Studio 2005开发环境采用VB6.0语言编程,实现了新一代天气雷达探测数据实时报警功能,自动判断警戒级别并通过发出文字、声音、手机短信及拨打电话等不同报警方式提醒业务服务人员,避免突发灾害天气遗漏,做到临近突发灾害性天气快速跟踪预警与服务。     

基于地闪数据的雷电流幅值累积频率公式探讨

利用天气雷达厂商提供的雷达基数据类 CINRADPolarDat处理解析雷达基数据,对雷达基数据进行解码,实时检索新一代天气雷达体扫基数据,提取回波强度、范围大小、位置等基本信息作为报警判据,并将报警判据分为安全级、观察级、预警级和警报级四个警戒级别进行报警提示。系统通过Microsoft Visual Studio 2005开发环境采用VB60语言编程,实现了新一代天气雷达探测数据实时报警功能,自动判断警戒级别并通过发出文字、声音、手机短信及拨打电话等不同报警方式提醒业务服务人员,避免突发灾害天气遗漏,做到临近突发灾害性天气快速跟踪预警与服务。

     

多普勒天气雷达地图系统的设计与实现

根据国家测绘局提供的地理数字线划图数据DLG及中国新一代天气雷达CINRAD所需地图投影变换后的数据格式，研究天气雷达地图信息处理技术，设计了相应的系统软件。该雷达地图生成系统能够根据国家测绘局提供的地图数据实时生成符合我国CINRAD要求格式的全国任何一个地点指定探测范围内的地图，并可在雷达数据终端和雷达产品进行叠加显示。     

新一代天气雷达基数据的3种内插填充方法

简单介绍新一代多普勒天气雷达基数据的格式和结构，对3种从径向基数据到直角坐标图像的转换和填充绘图方法，结合龙岩气象雷达站的实际应用情况进行了比较分析。结果表明，在这3种方法中，弧线填充法在程序设计中方便实用，且实际图像效果也较好。     

CINRAD SA/SB雷达基数据基础应用方法分析

CINRAD SA/SB基数据可以通过RPG回放获取产品数据,但RPG作为新一代天气雷达实时运行的组成部分,实际应用受到限制.人们开始尝试对基数据进行直接读取或格式转换等基本加工方式作为基础应用,为科学研究或实际应用提供雷达产品式的正确图文数据.本文通过对某些基础应用方法的分析研究,发现在基数据的读取和数据转换过程中已经丢失了大量的有效信息,丢失信息后的数据严重影响了雷达回波的正确分析.通过一个典型的基数据基础应用方法的例子,详细地分析了该方法中存在的一些问题和在具体应用中带来的实际影响,为正确地应用CINRADSA/SB基数据给出了一个符合体覆盖模型设计思想的基础应用方法.     

新一代天气雷达基数据传输方案与程序设计

目前,全疆已经建成8部新一代天气雷达,其中兵团2部。在新一代天气雷达发展规划中,全疆将继续完成3部新一代天气雷达建设任务。为了进行本地化研究应用,我们开发了一套新一代天气雷达基数据传输的软件,使各站的基数据能够实时高效的传输到区局,为实时应用与研究打下基础。1传输方案设计1.1基数据特点新一代天气雷达按5min14个仰角扫描(VCP11)时,平均每6min生成一次基数据文件,一次性生成大小为21M(2.0数据格式约为30M)的基数据文件,1h约产生200￣300M的基数据。目前全疆有6部雷达开始业务运行,其中兵团1部,各站到区局租用电信的2MSDH线路…     

湖南省天气雷达业务系统的设计与实现

为实现对现有天气雷达业务系统有效补充,进一步满足精细化保障要求,分析了天气雷达状态数据关键参数阈值和已知的常见疑误基数据基本特征,基于java程序MVC框构和Silverlight插件、Mysql数据库、Ajax、Web GIS等技术,设计和开发集高分辨数据传输监控、设备运行关键参数与停机事件监控、机房环境要素监控、数据质量监视与深度解析、设备故障专家知识库、报表数据自动处理与生成等功能于一体的,具备多种告警方式(语音、短信)的业务系统。结果表明:该系统在湖南全省各雷达台站运行效果明显,它能有效提高各级保障人员的工作效率,提升告警流程化管理水平,及时发现天气雷达设备故障隐患,明显提高数据质量和新一代天气雷达业务可用性。     

《新一代天气雷达图像分析与应用》

该书以新一代天气雷达观测为基础,以雷达图像识别为重点,讲述了天气雷达在天气分析和强天气预报中的应用。介绍了中国新一代多普勒天气雷达的建设和应用情况,讲解了天气雷达的基本探测原理和雷达气象方程的建立过程;阐述了径向速度、反射率因子等基数据的识别方法,及基数据和各种物理量产品在识别大气流场、降水云系和天气发展过程中的应用;分析了利用雷达资料分析强对流天气的方法和技术,总结了暴雨、冰雹、龙卷和阵风锋等特殊天气的雷达回波特征。本书可作为本科院校大气科学类专业的教材或教学参考书,也可供从事天气、大气物理、大气探测的业务科技人员参考。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.