色散缓变光纤中脉冲频谱演变的研究

采用数值计算的方法研究了高斯脉冲的频谱在色散缓变光纤中的传输特性及初始啁啾对频谱演变的影响.结果表明:色散缓变光纤可以有效的抑制频谱的展宽,将其应用到超长距离光纤通信系统是可行的;初始啁啾使脉冲频谱严重展宽,应采取消啁啾的措施.     

脉冲内拉曼散射所致啁啾的研究

探究孤子自频移现象,从啁啾的角度来解释其产生的原因。运用数学求解及数值模拟方法,通过MATLAB编程画出了啁啾演变图,据此来研究自频移现象。研究结果表明,在高阶非线性效应中,脉冲内拉曼散射、色散和自相位调制共同所致的啁啾,与无拉曼散射效应时产生的啁啾相比,发生一系列新的变化:啁啾的中心发生漂移且图形的前后沿不对称,即负啁啾的峰值的绝对值大于正啁啾的峰值,这说明了脉冲频谱“红移”的谱峰变宽,或者说频谱移向了长波长方向—即人们所说的孤子自频移现象。     

色散缓变光纤中三阶色散对脉冲频谱传播特性的影响

为探讨三阶色散对脉冲传播的意义，用数值模拟的方法讨论了在色散缓变光纤中零色散波长附近三阶色散对脉冲频谱演变的影响。通过对色散缓变光纤和单模光纤中脉冲频谱图的分析表明，三阶色散使得频谱主峰位置产生漂移，并形成振荡峰。三阶色散值越大，振荡峰越高，同时色散缓变光纤中三阶色散的影响明显大于普通单模光纤，说明色散缓变光纤可有效抑制二阶色散作用。     

非偏振保持光纤中随机双折射对自俘获现象的影响

本文用数值计算的方法解非线性耦合薛定谔方程 ,研究了在非偏振保持光纤中随机双折射变化对孤子自俘获传输现象的影响。研究结果表明 :相对于具有保偏特性的强双折射光纤 ,非偏振保持光纤中随机双折射所致的 2个模式间频繁的能量交换 ,减缓了 2脉冲的走离 ,有利于束缚态的形成 ;入射偏振角 θ对孤子的自俘获传输影响非常小 ,这就使光孤子耦合进光纤时不须鉴别光纤的快、慢轴。     

输出近百纳焦耳脉冲能量的光子晶体光纤锁模激光器

设计并搭建了一种支持百纳焦耳量级的单脉冲能量输出的锁模光纤激光器.激光器基于σ型腔结构,采用掺Yb偏振型大模场面积光子晶体光纤作为增益介质,利用半导体可饱和吸收镜实现自启动锁模.激光器内没有色散补偿机理,使其工作在全正色散锁模状态.通过在谐振腔内引入多通长腔使激光器的重复频率降低至11.1 MHz,直接获得了平均功率为1.08 W,单脉冲能量为 97 nJ,脉冲宽度为4.17 ps的稳定锁模脉冲输出,经腔外色散补偿,脉冲宽度压缩至740 fs.     

基于高能量耗散型脉冲掺铒光纤激光器的实验研究

在正色散掺铒光纤激光器中,利用非线性偏振旋转技术实现自启动锁模,得到了具有极大光谱宽度的高能量、无波分裂耗散型脉冲.该耗散型脉冲的形成是腔内增益、损耗、非线性偏振旋转、正色散和其他非线性效应等共同作用的结果,其形成机理与传统的负色散激光器完全不同.当抽运功率为500 mW时,该类型脉冲的光谱覆盖了1530—1660 nm范围,半高全宽光谱宽度可达42 nm以上.脉冲具有极大的正啁啾,其时间带宽积为483,而单脉冲总能量最大可达34.4 nJ.     

基于波导相位调制器的光谱色散平滑技术实验研究

利用波导相位调制器产生的正弦调频脉冲进行了光谱色散平滑技术实验研究.结果表明该铌酸锂波导相位调制器可以容易地将DFB振荡器产生的单纵模信号展宽到0.1—1.5 nm,远场分析表明焦斑扫动规律与理论计算一致,近场分析表明SSD对近场百微米尺度的调制有显著改善.本研究为高功率激光装置束匀滑方案的优化提供了参考.     

光子晶体光纤中零色散点处超连续谱演变的研究

从非线性薛定谔方程出发,采用分步傅立叶分析方法数值模拟光子晶体光纤中超连续谱的产生,计算、模拟并分析初始啁啾在光子晶体光纤的零色散点对超连续谱演变和带宽的影响.结果表明,非线性作用使频谱分裂成多峰不对称的结构,初始啁啾C的引入能明显的改善超连续谱的带宽和平坦性.由于二阶色散β2=0,三阶色散猹对超连续光谱的展宽影响较大.当β3>0时,C取正值时,随着C的增大,带宽减小; C取负值时,带宽有所增大,平坦性也有改善;β3<0时,无论C取正取负,频谱带宽增大,且平坦性较好.     

多个淹没水平圆柱诱发高阶谐波特性的数值与试验研究

基于势流理论采用时域高阶边界元方法建立了模拟非线性波浪与淹没水平双、三圆柱作用的数值水槽模型,其中采用混合欧拉-拉格朗日方法更新自由水面,四阶Runga-Kutta方法进行时间步进。利用两点法分离得到潜体下游高阶自由波,进而研究潜体间距、布置形式等对高倍频自由波的影响。同时在物理水槽内开展多潜体高阶谐波物理模型试验,并将试验结果与数值结果进行对比,吻合较好。研究发现:淹没双圆柱下游高阶谐波幅值随潜体间距呈现周期性振荡变化,其振荡的重现距离约为波长一半。而淹没三圆柱下游的高阶谐波随第一个间距呈周期性振荡变化,随第二个间距的增大而减小。     

水下量子通信的数值模拟及误码率分析

水下量子密钥分配可以为水下通信提供绝对安全的保密手段。本文采用蒙特卡洛方法,结合海水信道的光学性质和光子的量子特性模拟了光子在海水中的传输过程,研究其衰减和偏振特性,计算了接收到的光子数随接收端口径、视场角和传输距离的变化,从保真度的角度分析散射光的偏振变化情况,并结合背景光的影响分析了水下量子通信误码率。结果表明,水下量子通信理论上可以实现百米量级的安全通信。     

基于光纤自相位调制多波长全光再生的色散管理优化

针对基于光纤自相位调制效应的多波长全光再生系统,分析了光纤平均色散对再生器品质因子改进量的影响,提出一种色散管理优化方法.由于波长间色散差异会导致再生系统性能的稳定性下降,通过选择色散补偿光纤和单模光纤的长度,使其合成的色散曲线与各波长分别达到最优再生性能时对应的色散曲线近似拟合,同时保证该色散曲线落在性能满意度高的色散区域,然后调整信号输入功率和滤波器的偏移量,可有效改善多波长再生性能的稳定性,实现再生器的色散管理优化.     

单层流驱动超临界孤立子的数值计算

用ｆＫｄＶ模式方程对单层二维表面波进行直接的数值研究。计算得出，在共振区域先锋孤立子的生成与Ｔ、Ｙ．Ｗｕ（吴耀祖）及Ｓ．Ｊ．Ｌｅｅ等人的结果相同。在共振点与超临界转向点之间，对每一个Ｆｒ数存在初始不稳定的单峰孤立子，其振幅随时间增加。当Ｆｒ数接近共振区时，初始孤立子分裂成先峰孤立子，即先峰孤立子生成是占优的。当Ｆｒ接近超临界转向点时，这类初始不稳定孤立子最终破碎。当Ｆｒ超过超临界转向点时，存在一类稳定的超临界孤立子，其振幅不随时间变化，但是它得自时间相关方程。这类孤立子位于驱动力上方，它的振幅随Ｆｒ的增加而减少．由于它不同于自由ＫｄＶ孤立子，因此本文称之为超临界驻定孤立子。     

Nonlinear images of scatterers in chirped pulsed laser beams

The bandwidth and the duration of incident pulsed beam are proved to play important roles in modifying the nonlinear image of amplitude-type scatterer. It is found that the initially positive chirp-type bandwidth can suppress the nonlinear image, while the negative one can enhance it, and that both effects are inversely proportional to the incident pulse duration. Numerical simulations further demonstrate that the location of nonlinear image is at the conjugate plane of the scatterer and that, for negatively pre-chirped pulsed beam, the nonlinear image peak intensity can be higher than that in the corresponding monochromatic case under certain conditions. Moreover the effect of group velocity dispersion on nonlinear image is found to be similar to that of chirp-type bandwidth.     

An analysis of horizontal dispersion due to the drift current with an Ekman layer

An analytical method for describing horizontal matter dispersion in shear currents is presented using a tensor expression from the point of view that matter dispersion due to the shear effect should be one of the principal mixing dilution processes. Although the behavior of horizontal dispersion is considerably more complicated than common longitudinal dispersion, the present study elucidates the vertical structure of dispersion and the dispersing process from the initial to the stationary stage, besides the usual depth-averaged dispersion coefficient at the stationary stage. As one of the typical applications of horizontal dispersion, dispersion due to the pure drift current with an Ekman layer is examined theoretically using the present method. This examination reveals that the displacement of the centroid and the major axis of dispersion are twisted in the vertical direction more than the direction of the current vector forming the Ekman spiral; that the variance increases in proportion to the third power of the elapsed time; and that the dispersion coefficient at the stationary stage remains constant, independent of the depth normalized by an Ekman layer thickness. Such dependence of the dispersion coefficient in the steady current is shown to be different from that in the oscillatory current, which is inversely proportional to the depth normalized by a Stokes layer thickness. This is considered to be induced by the difference of the vertical profiles of the first order moment in both currents, that is, the shear region of the first order moment is restricted around the floor by the alternation of the current shear in the oscillatory current while it is diffused in the whole depth in the steady current.     

Linear wave reflection by trench with various shapes

Two types of analytical solutions for waves propagating over an asymmetric trench are derived. One is a long-wave solution and the other is a mild-slope solution, which is applicable to deeper water. The water depth inside the trench varies in proportion to a power of the distance from the center of the trench (which is the deepest water depth point and the origin of x-coordinate in this study). The mild-slope equation is transformed into a second-order ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients based on the longwave assumption [Hunt's, 1979. Direct solution of wave dispersion equation. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coast. and Ocean Engineering 105, 457–459] as approximate solution for wave dispersion. The analytical solutions are then obtained by using the power series technique. The analytical solutions are compared with the numerical solution of the hyperbolic mild-slope equations. After obtaining the analytical solutions under various conditions, the results are analyzed.     

Numerical and Experimental Study of the 3D Effect on Connecting Arm of Vertical Axis Tidal Current Turbine

Vertical axis tidal current turbine is a promising device to extract energy from ocean current. One of the important components of the turbine is the connecting arm, which can bring about a significant effect on the pressure distribution along the span of the turbine blade, herein we call it 3D effect. However, so far the effect is rarely reported in the research, moreover, in numerical simulation. In the present study, a 3D numerical model of the turbine with the connecting arm was developed by using FLUENT software compiling the UDF (User Defined Function) command. The simulation results show that the pressure distribution along the span of blade with the connecting arm model is significantly different from those without the connecting arm. To facilitate the validation of numerical model, the laboratory experiment has been carried out by using three different types of NACA aerofoil connecting arm and circle section connecting arm. And results show that the turbine with NACA0012 connecting arm has the best start-up performance which is 0.346 m/s and the peak point of power conversion coefficient is around 0.33. A further study has been performed and a conclusion is drawn that the aerofoil and thickness of connecting arm are the most important factors on the power conversion coefficient of the vertical axis tidal current turbine.     

Solitons northeast of Tung-Sha Island during the ASIAEX pilot studies

In a recent study, satellite images have shown that internal solitons are active in the northern South China Sea (SCS). During the Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment (ASIAEX) pilot studies, current profiler and thermistor chain moorings were deployed in the spring of 1999 and 2000 to investigate internal solitons northeast of Tung-Sha Island on the continental slope of the northern SCS. Most of the observed internal solitons were first baroclinic mode depression waves. The largest horizontal current velocity, vertical displacement, and temperature variation induced by the internal solitons were around 240 cm/s, 106 m, and 11/spl deg/C, respectively, while the estimated nonlinear phase speed was primarily westward at 152 /spl plusmn/ 4 cm/s. The observed internal solitons could be categorized as four types. The first type is the incoming wave from deep water and can be described reasonably well with the KdV equation. The second and third types are in the transition zone before and close to the turning point (where the upper and lower layer depths are equal), respectively. These two types of solitons were generally near the wave-breaking stage. The fourth type of soliton is a second baroclinic mode and probably was locally generated. The time evolutions are asymmetric, especially at the middle depths. A temperature kink following the main pulse of the soliton is often seen. Higher order nonlinear and shallow topographic effects could be the primary cause for these features. The appearance/disappearance of internal solitons coincides mostly with spring/neap tide. The internal soliton is irregularly seen during the neap tide period and its amplitude is generally small. The time interval between two leading solitons is generally around 12 h. The first baroclinic mode of the semidiurnal tide has a larger amplitude than the diurnal tide and could redistribute its energy into the soliton.     

High-frequency reverberation in shallow water

Monostatic reverberation measurements were collected in shallow water, over a coarse gravel and cobble bottom, 100 m deep, off the coast of Nova Scotia. Data were collected at frequencies of 21, 28, and 36 kHz using linear FM pulses of 2-kHz bandwidth and 0.160-s duration. An anchored, high-frequency active sonar array deployed at a depth of 42 m was used to collect the data. The reverberation measurements were compared with estimates computed with the NUWC generic sonar model (GSM). The data were reasonably well modeled for times greater than 0.2 s after pulse transmission by neglecting surface reverberation and using Lambert's rule for bottom backscattering with a scattering coefficient of -27 dB, independent of frequency. At all three frequencies, the data and model show a peak approximately 0.9 s after pulse transmission. This peak results from a focusing effect that the downward-refracting sound-speed profile has on the interaction of the rays with the bottom