How basin model results enable the study of multi-layer aquifer response to pumping: the Paris Basin, France

The Albian aquifer of the Paris Basin (France) has been exploited since 1841 and shows drastic drawdown. A three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow model is used to study the hydrodynamic response of the multi-layered aquifers to pumping activity in the Albian, at basin scale over 167 years. This 3D flow model uses geometry and hydrodynamic parameter distributions that are inherited from a genetic approach through basin modelling, the basin model creating a geometric pattern of hydrodynamic properties constrained by geological history. The paper aims to promote the use of the basin model approach (long time scale, 248 Ma) for the study of deep-aquifer response to anthropogenic perturbation (short time scale, 167 years) in situations for which hydrodynamic data are scarce but geological data are numerous. The results show that parameter distribution is insufficient to reproduce the Albian aquifer behaviour, notably highlighting a different meaning of the specific storage coefficient between basin modelling and groundwater-flow modelling. Dividing the storage coefficient by 100 and including available transmissivity data significantly improved the model/data comparison. The potential impact on a deep aquitard is then discussed. This study sheds light on the advantages and limitations of the basin model approach for groundwater-flow modelling in 3D.     

敦化盆地上侏罗统-上新统地层划分对比讨论

利用野外资料、地震资料、煤田钻孔资料以及古生物资料,对松辽盆地外围探区敦化盆地的代表性地层划分方案进行了梳理,通过敦化盆地与周缘盆地之间的对比和分析,得出下列认识:(1)明确了珲春组的时代为始新世—渐新世;(2)指出白垩系上统龙井组地层在敦化盆地内可能是不存在的;(3)将原帽儿山组上段和下段分别划归泉水村组和长财组;(4)认为大砬子组、泉水村组、长财组和屯田营组在敦化盆地内是存在的,并通过盆间岩性地层和古生物地层对比指出大砬子组的时代可能为早白垩世阿普特期(Aptian)—阿尔布期(Albian),长财组时代可能为早白垩世贝利阿斯期—阿普特期;(5)对敦化盆地内几个地方地层名称的使用进行了修正;(6)建立了敦化盆地内目前可供参考使用的地层序列。     

青海共和盆地存在干热岩可能性探讨

青海共和盆地地处"秦昆岔口"的新生代断陷盆地,盆缘构造岩浆岩带发育,活动断裂、温泉密集,超过60℃的温泉6处,最高可达93.5℃;盆地内温泉成群分布,地热钻井揭露温度高,1203m钻孔(R1)实测孔底温度可达83℃,969m钻孔(QR1)实测孔底温度为70℃,地温梯度高达6～7℃/100m,是正常地温梯度的2倍,地热增温随深度增大而升高,推测3000m温度可达200℃,并在(QR1)孔底见36m花岗岩;地震反射波和可控源音频大地电磁测深推断基底斜坡界面对应重力低异常,可认为重力低异常为花岗岩引起,作为盆地热源可能存在干热岩。     

塔里木盆地重磁场特征与基底结构分析

根据塔里木盆地的布格重力与航磁资料,通过不同高度的解析延拓、不同方向水平梯度计算,分析了盆地内部与盆地边缘重磁场特征的差异,并反演计算了基底起伏与莫霍面深度。结果显示：盆地内部重磁异常变化相对平缓,盆地边缘变化剧烈;莫霍面形态中部上隆,盆地南北边缘分别向南、北加深;盆地边缘的前陆盆地表现为基底深凹;盆地边缘断裂特征与内部有所不同,边缘断裂基本平行于盆地边界,规模大,延伸长。反映了刚性的塔里木岩石圈在印藏碰撞的远距离效应下发生挠曲与整体变形,盆地边缘发育大型断裂系统,使应变能主要在周边变形最强烈的区域释放,形成了盆地周边比盆地内部活动强烈的特点。     

南沙海域礼乐盆地油气资源潜力

礼乐盆地是南沙海域热点研究区域.为揭示该盆地油气资源潜力,依据礼乐盆地地震剖面、钻井及拖网资料,对礼乐盆地的油气成藏控制因素进行综合分析,进而探讨该盆地的油气成藏潜力.中生代和古新世－早渐新世沉积是主要烃源岩;晚渐新世礁体以及中生代风化碎屑岩是主要储层;识别出晚渐新世-早中新世礁体和中生代晚期风化剥蚀而形成的断块构造是最主要的圈闭类型.长期活动断层沟通底部中生代地层和浅层礁体,是主要的油气垂向运移输导体,控制了礼乐盆地油气的空间分布.晚中新世的菲律宾弧碰撞运动类似南海北部东沙运动,有利于排烃和油气运移,之后构造活动减弱,有利于稳定成藏.礼乐盆地具备油气成藏的6大要素条件,盆地中、东部断裂发育区是盆地油气运聚成藏的优势前景区域.      

基于重磁场特征的松辽盆地基底岩性研究

盆地的基底埋藏深度、岩性和断裂分布与地热资源的形成、分布和开发利用密切相关。本文基于重磁方法的特点和松辽盆地的重磁场异常,利用最佳向上延拓的方法进行场源分离,提取了基底重磁异常信息;依据不同岩石物理属性(密度和磁性)和重磁异常对应分析的结果,对松辽盆地的基底岩性分布进行了划分,其结果对盆地地热资源远景评价和开发利用有重要参考价值。     

On the borders of the upper hydrogeodynamic zone in the Caspian artesian basin

This article provides the results from studying the upper part of the section of the entire Caspian artesian basin. The stratification map, the profile section and the isohyps map of the roof of the upper hydrogeodynamic zone were compiled on the basis of generalization of geological and general hydrogeological data. Systematized hydrogeological data on the depositional conditions, structural features and nature of the distribution within the upper hydrogeodynamic zone of the Caspian artesian basin, as well as the supply zones and the areas of transit and discharge of underground waters are provided. The borders of the upper hydrogeodynamic zone of the basin have been drawn as a result.     

吉林东部盆地群早白垩世原型盆地恢复

通过区域地质、电法和地震资料等对吉林东部盆地群早白垩世地层、沉积和构造特征进行研究,从而恢复沉积古地理及原型盆地面貌,结合现今勘探成果与原型盆地控制烃源岩展布,残留盆地改造情况,预测有利勘探区。研究结果表明: 该区早白垩世原型盆地为一大型陆相湖盆的一部分,果松组-鹰嘴砬子组沉积期为初始裂陷孤立盆地发展阶段,林子头组沉积期为断坳转换期,沙河子组- 营城组沉积期为统一的坳陷盆地,至登娄库组沉积期原型盆地完全遭到破坏,泉头组沉积期各盆地进入独立发展阶段。靠近原型盆地湖盆中心的( 扇) 三角洲相、河流相及湖沼相沉积区且位于现今盆地的凹陷区是吉林东部盆地群的有利油气勘探区。     

Tectonic Evolution of the Wanan Basin,Southwestern South China Sea

Quantitative studies on the extension and subsidence of the Wanan Basin were carried out based on available seismic and borehole data together with regional geological data.Using balanced cross-section and backstripping techniques,we reconstructed the stratigraphic deposition and tectonic evolution histories of the basin.The basin formed from the Eocene and was generally in an extensional/transtensional state except for the Late Miocene local compressoin.The major basin extension ocurred in the Oligocene and Early Miocene(before ~16.3 Ma) and thereafter uniform stretch in a smaller rate.The northern and middle basin extended intensely earlier during 38.6–23.3 Ma,while the southern basin was mainly stretched during 23.3–16.3 Ma.The basin formation and development are related to alternating sinistral to dextral strike-slip motions along the Wanan Fault Zone.The dominant dynamics may be caused by the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea and the its peripheral plate interaction.The basin tectonic evolution is divided into five phases:initial rifting,main rifting,rift-drift transition,structural inversion,and thermal subsidence.     

六盘山盆地西南缘构造特征及盆地油气有利区预测

文章根据前人研究结果,结合野外调研及钻井资料,对盆地的构造演化背景、盆地西南缘主要断裂特征及盆地油气成藏条件进行了深入分析和讨论。认为盆地构造复杂,断裂系统具有多期次、多级次、分段性等特点,盆地变形改造时代新、逆冲推覆构造发育,有利于油气局部运移和富集;盆地区发育石炭系、三叠-侏罗系、白垩系3套烃源岩及相互配套的储、盖条件,盆地山前深部构造带及凹陷内的低凸起部位是有利勘探区,并提出了6个较为有利构造区。     

雪峰山前陆盆地下志留统页岩气勘探潜力

雪峰山志留系前陆盆地分布在湘中-湘西北-四川盆地,是上扬子板块主要的盆地类型,目前针对该前陆盆地沉积特征和页岩气勘探潜力的研究少见.根据野外资料、测井资料和分析测试资料分析了湘西北和湘中地区前陆盆地沉积建造过程和页岩气勘探潜力.结果表明湘中前陆盆地前渊带以浊积扇和浅海陆棚相沉积为主,而湘西北隆后盆地沉积相类型丰富,包括潮坪相、浅海陆棚相、滨岸相、三角洲相和碳酸盐岩台地相等.虽然前渊带和隆后盆地沉积相类型和沉积厚度差异较大,但沉积旋回的划分却是一致的,因此前渊带和隆后盆地相互连通,雪峰山对其两侧盆地的遮挡作用有限.地球化学测试分析表明研究区隆后盆地页岩的有机碳含量、有机质类型均较四川盆地的焦石坝差.湖南地区志留系页岩各项地化指标较差的主要原因是其缺少龙马溪组第一旋回的黑色碳质页岩.      

雅布赖盆地中生代构造特征

摘要：雅布赖盆地大地构造位置处于阿拉善地块的北部弱活化带,依据地震剖面反射结构特征,结合区域地质和钻井资料可将盆地划分为三个构造层。盆地演化经历了印支运动,燕山运动和喜山运动三个阶段,其中以白垩纪的喜山运动影响最大。喜山期时,盆地在区域挤压应力作用下,现今周缘山系快速隆升,盆地西南部的老地层向中心逆掩推覆,沉积盆地明显缩小,表现出现今盆地的范围和格局。     

Organic Carbon Distribution in the Bazhenov Horizon Rocks of the Western Siberian Megabasin

The distribution of organic carbon in the Bazhenov horizon rocks of the western Siberian sedimentary basin is investigated. The organic carbon concentration in rocks is estimated by the results of core analyses (4094 core analyses) and by the calculations of the core-log data correlations (48 500 measurements) according to the data of radiation and electrical loggings. The average content of organic carbon in the rocks of the Bazhenov and Tutleim (lower subformation) formation is 7.7%. The map of organic carbon concentrations in the sedimentary rocks of the basin is constructed. In the basin, C_org is distributed asymmetrically. The region of maximum C_org concentrations occupies the southwestern part of the internal area of the sedimentary basin. Silicites and biogene silica-enriched mixtites are enriched with organic matter most of all.     

The tectonostratigraphic history of the Proterozoic Northern Lawn Hill Platform, Australia: an integrated intracontinental basin analysis

The Northern Lawn Hill Platform (NLHP) comprises an area of approximately 16,000 km² in north-central Australia. Thick packages of Proterozoic strata outcrop in the region, although large areas are also covered by younger strata. The packages contain basin sediments and igneous rocks that span 400 m.y. We present a regional synthesis of approximately 150 m.y. of the tectonostratigraphic history of the area which hosts several world-class base metals deposits. The interpretation is based primarily on a sequence stratigraphic and structural interpretation of seismic data, a common approach in the petroleum resource sector, but rare in analyses of mineral resources. Models of subsurface geology and a basement template are provided using observed geopotential data that are iteratively calibrated with other data. Geochronological, palaeomagnetic, geochemical and sequence stratigraphic investigations on outcrop and drill core also are integrated into the history. The seismic data allow separated outcrop belts to be confidently correlated for the first time. Geochronological data control the basin history delineated by this interpretation. Palaeomagnetic data allow the results presented here to be extrapolated regionally and globally. Although considered to be deposited on entirely intracontinental lithosphere, the basin phases record significant fluctuations in the volume and geometry of accommodation space for sedimentation. Multiple pulses of deformation are recorded by changing depositional geometries. We propose a history of re-activation of a basement template and speculate on geodynamical mechanisms for accommodation space fluctuations and geometric variability. The detailed understanding of the basin evolution of the NLHP gained by integrated basin analysis provides a powerful tool for predictive fluid flow models as an aid to resource exploration. It should also provide a useful analogy in understanding tectonic processes and basin evolution of other similar aged intracontinental basins.     

柴达木盆地新生代不同层次构造特征

应用柴达木盆地地震、非地震资料进行综合解释研究发现,新生代盆地深、浅层构造存在较大差异,盆地沉积在不同时期受到不同构造格局的控制。古近系受近东西向构造控制,新近系受北西向构造控制,显示了柴达木盆地新生代为不同时期受不同方向构造控制的大型叠合盆地。盆地地层深、浅层构造变形特征不同,深层表现为陡倾的逆冲断裂构造,以断块构造为主要特征;中浅层表现为滑脱褶皱与滑脱断裂构造;地表在背斜核部发育斜列展布的正断层构造。盆地经历了多旋回沉积和多方式的后期改造,不同的构造组合形成了不同的储油气构造模式,认识这一点对于盆地深层的油气勘探,特别是寻找隐蔽油气藏具有重要意义。     

在应用计算机解释印度拉贾斯坦邦西部贾伊萨梅尔地区比尔马尼亚盆地地质特征中地质数据的分析

最近十年来研究的地质数据包括比尔马尼亚盆地岩相的地层、岩性、岩石、粒度和地球化学资料。这些数据已进入专用的“Ｆｏｘｓｅｄｂａ”数据表以建立比尔马尼亚盆地的数据总库。采用Ｈａｒｗａｒｄ制图法在ｘ－ｙ轴（粒度参数和地球化学数据）上作图。该盆地各种岩相的环境解释模式都配备有“图象”软件。最后,上述资料被用来解释所推断的比尔马尼亚盆地各种岩相的沉积环境。该盆地的沉积充填物含硅质碎屑、碳酸盐和磷块岩相的混合组合,指示变幻不定的沉积环境,即有若干具间歇海进事件的沉积海退事件。结果,磷块岩主要形成一种浅水正化学沉积和异化学沉积的复杂组合。     

Carbon and hydrogen isotopic variations of natural gases in the southeast Columbus basin offshore southeastern Trinidad,West Indies – clues to origin and maturity

Natural gas can have two distinct origins, biogenic and thermogenic sources. This paper investigates the types and maturities of natural gas present in the SE Columbus basin, offshore Trinidad. The chemical composition and the isotope ratios of C and H were determined for approximately 100 samples of natural gas from eight areas within the SE Columbus basin. These compositions and isotopic data are interpreted to identify the origins of gas (biogenic, thermogenic) and maturity. The data showed that the gases in the SE Columbus basin are of both biogenic and thermogenic origin with a trend of mainly thermogenic to mixed to biogenic when moving from SW to NE across the basin. This trend suggests differential burial of the source rock. The presence of mixed gas indicates there was migration of gas in the basin resulting in deeper thermogenic gas mixing with shallow biogenic gas.     

Successor Characteristics of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Songliao Basins

The Songliao basin is a complex successor basin that was initiated in the Mesozoic and experienced multiple periods of reactivation. Based on seismic and drilling data, as well as regional geologic research, we suggest that the Songliao basin contains several different successor basins resting on top of Carboniferous-Permian folded strata forming the basement to the Songliao basin. These basins include the Triassic-Mid Jurassic Paleo-foreland basin, the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous downfaulted basin, and an early Cretaceous depressed basin （since the Denglouku Group）. This paper presents a systematic study of the basin-mountain interactions, and reveals that there are different types of prototype basin at different geologic times. These prototype basins sequentially superimposed and formed the large Songliao basin. Discovery of the Triassic-early Middle Jurassic paleo-foreland basin fills a Triassic-early Middle Jurassic gap in the geologic history of the Songliao basin. The paleo- foreland basin, downfaulted basin, and depressed thermal subsidence basin all together represent the whole Mesozoic-Cenozoic geologic history and deformation of the Songliao basin. Discovery of the Triassic-early Middle Jurassic paleo-foreland basin plays an important role both for deep natural gas exploration and the study of basin-mountain coupling in north China and eastern China in general. This example gives dramatic evidence that we should give much more attention to the polyphase tectonic evolution of related basins for the next phase of exploration and study.     

Tectonic Evolution of the Junggar Foreland Basin in the Late Carboniferous-Permian

A comprehensive study has been carried out to subdivide and correlate the Upper Carboniferous and Permian sedimentary successions in the Junggar basin based on outcrops and drilling and geophysical data. The study results, combined with geological analyses of the basin's periphery and the basement, as well as studies of the sedimentary rocks within the basin, the unconformities, tectonic geometry, kinematics and geodynamics, lead to the conclusion that the Junggar basin was characterized by the development of foreland basin systems during the Late Carboniferous and Permian. During that period, three foreland basin systems were developed: (1) the northwest foreland basin system, which trended nearly north-south from Mahu to the Chepaizi Palaeo-mountain during its early stage of development and thus it was also referred to as the west foreland basin system; (2) the Karamaili foreland basin system in the east and (3) the Northern Tianshan foreland basin system in the south. These systems are different in s     

甘肃河西石羊河流域出山径流分析及来水预测

径流量是水资源规划、利用、管理、调度的重要依据。根据石羊河流域的实测径流资料统计分析得到：流域地表水资源量为15.52×10⁸ m³;流域各代表站出山径流的C_V值在0.15~0.35之间,年极值比在1.77~14.20之间,呈现出从西向东逐渐增大的空间分布特性。运用加法模型对石羊河流域径流量进行预测,结果表明未来4年内为丰水年。