国外长钻孔坑道钻机概况

本文对国外长钻孔钻机的产品使用情况作一简介,详细介绍了有关钻机在国内的使用情况,就我国长钻孔钻机及工艺方法提出设想。     

TSJ－1000型水源钻机改装成工程、水文两用钻机

ＴＳＪ－１０００型水源钻机改装成工程、水文两用钻机河北省城乡勘察院董书彬自１９９１年至今，根据工程需要，同时考虑节省开支，我们依次将本单位６台ＴＳＪ－１０００型水源钻机改装成了工程钻机。改装后的钻机具有以下特点：扭矩大（４５ｋＮｍ），转速低，如将改动...     

QW-18型特轻型钻机及其系列

１　研制简况１．１　市场需要石油天然气总公司某局开发部,参加荷兰皇家石油公司非洲尼日利亚石油物探工程国际招标,工区为海岸林区,地层为沙土层。林区施工钻机搬迁不便,而石油物探钻孔又有搬迁频繁的要求,故要选择轻便、快捷的钻机。原拟选用新加坡ＫＤ５０型人抬物探钻机（质量５０ｋｇ）,但价高,配件供应不易。曾委托国内某钻机专业厂研制。经１年多３轮试制,钻机达不到轻便、快捷的目的。转而委托我厂“参照以上（进口ＫＤ５０型钻机）技术参数,结合你厂技术力量,在短时间内提供类似机型。”１．２　研制试验我们仅用２０天…     

一种新型的微型水平定向钻机的研制

一种新型的微型水平定向钻机已经开发出来,并用于几个工程施工中。这种新型钻机能够铺设１５０ｍｍ直径的管线,上下左右的精度极高,因而可用于铺设重力管道。本文比较了几种不同的定向钻进技术的特点,并给出Ｔｒｕ－Ｇｒａｄｅ微型定向钻机的一些特点。在由作者主持的项目评定工程,该钻机成功地铺设了一条内径为１００ｍｍ的高密度聚乙烯和,上下左右的偏差均在２５ｍｍ以内。     

大口径转盘式桩孔钻机改装成回转冲击反循环钻机

大口径转盘式桩孔钻机改装成回转冲击反循环钻机地矿部勘探技术研究所付美华目前，国内在基桩钻孔施工中，绝大多数使用以ＧＰＳ－１５型为代表的转盘钻机（钻孔直径１．５ｍ，钻深５０ｍ），使用刮刀钻头或钻斗，在土层或粒径小的局部卵石层中钻孔，正循环排渣，是钻基桩...     

DB30型多功能电驱动钻机的研发与应用

以XY-8型钻机为基础,采用模块化设计,研发了既可以进行小口径深孔取心钻探,又可以进行大口径硬质合金钻进及水源钻井的DB30型多功能钻机,该钻机使用变频电机直接驱动,简化传动链,提高了传动效率,配套先进、成熟的电控技术,大大提高了钻机的自动化程度。简要介绍该钻机的技术方案、技术参数、结构设计、技术优势以及实际应用情况。     

YM160型液压步履式土层锚固钻机

本文详细地叙述了ＹＭ１６０土锚钻机的基本结构特点,液压系统和电气控制系统特性,并对不同地层的施工情况作了简要描述,该钻机是液压步履式土层锚杆钻孔机,具有螺旋钻杆钻孔和套管跟进钻孔两种钻进功能,钻臂和主梁分别采用三组四连杆机构,使钻孔对位方便并可多方位钻孔,该钻机在一年多的土锚工程实际施工中,共钻进５万多延米,能满足不同地质条件的钻孔施工要求,充分体现了该型机的先进性能。     

改装的HCFG15型双功能钻机

１概述冲击反循环工艺用于硬岩和大卵砾石地层桩孔施工,已越来越多的在坝基、桥基、高层建筑和许多重要的工程基础施工中被采用,比回转钻进或冲击钻进在施工质量和效率方面都有明显提高,而施工成本明显降低。但由于冲击反循环钻机购置费较昂贵（达３０万～６０万元不等...     

Taxonomical and Biogeochemical Investigation of Elements in Holocene Mollusk Shells in the South and Southwestern Marmara Basin, Turkey

Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr,Ga,Ni,Zn,Mo,Cu, Pb,Yb,Y,Nb,Ti,Sr,Ba,Mn,Sc,Co,V,Zr,Fe,Al,W,Se,Bi,Sb,As,Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated.The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups.Of these,concentrations of 12 elements(As,Bi,Cd,Co,Ga,Mo,Nb, Sb,Se,Sc,W and Yb)are below zero [(0.053-0.79)×10~(-6)];concentrations of seven elements(Cr,Ni, Pb,V,Y,Zr and Cu)are(1.0-6.0)×10~(-6);concentrations of four elements(Ti,Mn,Ba and Zn)are 10- 20×10~(-6);and concentrations of five elements(Si,Al,Fe,Mg and Sr)are(47.44-268.11)×10~(-6).The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina(Linné),Pitar-rudis(Poll),Nassarius reticulatus(Linné),Venerupis senescens (Coocconi),Mytilus galloprovincialis(Lamarck),Mytilaster lineatus(Gemelin in Linné)and Chlamys glabra.It was found that,in mollusk taxonomy,the elements have unique values.In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks.In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment.Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment.     

Granitization and magmatic replacement in the contact aureole of the Yurchik gabbronorite massif (Ganal Ridge, Kamchatka)

It is shown that formation of high-temperature granulite-like rocks in the contact aureole of the Yurchik gabbronorite intrusion of the Ganal Ridge in East Kamchatka was caused by contact metamorphism, metasomatism, and local melting of the primary sedimentary-volcanogenic rocks of the Vakhtalkinskaya Sequence of the Ganal Group. The temperature in the inner part of the aureole reached 700–800°C and caused transformation of basic rocks into two-pyroxene-plagioclase, clinopyroxene-amphibole-plagioclase, and amphibole-plagioclase rocks, while sedimentary rocks were replaced by garnet-biotite and garnet-cordierite-biotite hornfelses. Locally, basic volcanic hornfelses were subjected to metasomatic alteration with the formation of bodies of biotite-orthopyroxene-plagioclase metasomatites. In the zones of the most intense fluid filtration, the metasomatites experienced local magmatic replacement resulting in the formation of biotite-orthopyroxene-plagioclase ± garnet migmatite veinlets and patches. Bodies of garnet enderbites were formed after sedimentary interlayers at temperatures of 700–800°C and a lithostatic pressure of 3.2–4.8 kbar. The comparison of the chemical composition of the Vakhtalkinskaya basic volcanics and the products of their transformation indicates that, in terms of chemistry, the metasomatic alterations and magmatic replacement correspond to siliceous-alkaline metasomatism (granitization) causing a subsequent and uneven influx of Si, Al, Na, K, Rb, Ba, Zr, Nb, and Cl and removal of Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, and some trace elements (Cr, Co, Ti, Y, and S). The processes of metamorphism and metasomatism were presumably provoked by highly mineralized mantle fluids that were filtered through magmatic channels that served as pathways for gabbroid magma.     

战略新兴矿产调查工程进展与主要成果

随着我国经济社会发展和产业升级,钾盐、稀有金属、稀土金属、稀散金属、萤石、叶蜡石、脉石英、晶质石墨、硼等矿产在新一代信息技术、新能源汽车及高端装备制造等战略性新兴产业发展中发挥着越来越关键的作用,需求量也逐步攀升。 “战略新兴矿产调查工程”(2019—2021)以查明重要矿种的资源潜力、取得找矿突破、助推形成大型资源基地为目标,以矿调为手段,开展全国重点地区大型资源基地和重要矿集区锂、钾、铍、铌钽、萤石、脉石英等矿种成矿规律和找矿方法的创新研究,同时开展矿产资源的综合利用研究,取得了一批重大找矿成果,丰富了成矿理论,创新了找矿方法。概要介绍了该工程在川东北锂钾找矿、川西稀有稀土金属矿产调查、新疆阿尔金稀有金属矿产调查、江西赣南—福建浦城地区萤石、硼资源、东部地区脉石英、叶蜡石特种非金属矿产找矿等方面取得的新进展; 介绍了川东北、川西、阿尔金等主要成矿带稀有稀土矿产、萤石、脉石英等关键矿种成矿规律、勘查技术方法、绿色调查及综合利用等方面取得的成果,对进一步提高我国钾盐、锂矿、萤石、脉石英等战略性矿产资源保障程度和研究程度,促进新兴产业发展和我国战略性矿产后续调查评价具有重要意义。     

中国农业地质研究及其成效

论述了中国土壤质量和农作物优质高产与土壤环境中化学元素N、P、K、S、Fe、MR、Cu、ZB、B、Mo、V、Sr、Ti、Mg、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Y、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Ga、Co、Ni、F、Tl、Si、Na、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、Se、Ba、Te、Ta及有机质、酸碱度、含水量、含盐量有密切的关系。提出了农业地质研究的目的、内容、方法及管理。     

黄锡矿-似黄锡矿-硫锡铁铜矿组合及其结构特征

黄锡矿-似黄锡矿-硫锡铁铜矿产于湖南大义山花岗岩与石炭、二叠系灰岩接触处的富斑铜矿夕卡岩铜矿床中。硫锡铁铜矿在国内属首次发现。它们的化学成分、物理性质、光学性质和晶体结构与国外相同矿物相似。它们都有两种产状,构成多种结构。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区三叠系延长组震积岩及其地质意义

通过对26口井岩心观察,结合区域构造背景,在鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区三叠系延长组中识别出典型的震积岩。该区震积岩代表性沉积构造有液化砂脉、液化卷曲变形、环状层理、负载构造、球枕构造、微断层、微裂缝、震裂岩与震碎角砾岩,其中液化砂脉和液化卷曲变形是地震引起的主要软沉积变形构造。震积岩垂向序列划分为两类:一种以脆性变形为主,自下向上依次为下伏未震层,扰动层,微断层、微裂缝及震裂岩层段,液化卷曲变形层段,震碎角砾岩层段,液化砂脉层段及上覆未震层;另一种以软沉积变形为主,自下至上依次为下伏未震层,环状层段,扰动层,球枕构造及负载构造层段,液化砂脉及液化卷曲变形层,枕状层及上覆未震层。富县探区延长组中的震积岩说明在该盆地晚三叠世存在一个强地震事件活跃期;震积岩中的微裂缝、微断层、震裂岩及液化砂脉可改善储集层物性,同时震碎角砾岩和网状砂脉也是良好的储集层。     

The role of the Mediterranean region in the development of sedimentary geology: a historical overview

The Mediterranean region, source of so much knowledge in the world, is the site of major advances in sedimentary geology. In addition to its economic and cultural richness, the geological and geographic diversity of the region, plus its active geological processes, have long stimulated indigenous scholars, along with attracting talented outsiders such as Steno, Lyell, Walther, Kuenen and Bagnold. Since classical Hellenic times, debates about the origin of fossils and the changing positions of sea-level served as catalysts for studies of sediments, sedimentary rocks and ancient life. The presence of geologically young and easily interpreted marine shell beds in many Mediterranean coastal areas adjacent to their modern analogues was a particular stimulus for progress in sedimentary geology, for example, the very advanced stratigraphic ideas of Leonardo da Vinci, expressed solely in his unpublished notebooks. Impeding progress was the geological complexity of facies, faunas and structure in the circum-Mediterranean Alpine belts. Once the secrets of these were unlocked, however, the Mediterranean region became the source of major discoveries about syn-sedimentary tectonics, carbonate platforms, pelagic and anoxic sediments, turbidites, evaporites, aeolian processes, cyclostratigraphy, magnetic stratigraphy and impact events. In many of these Mediterranean discoveries, the critical element is the occurrence of extensive Mesozoic-Cenozoic pelagic successions whose precise age dating was made possible by pioneering biostratgraphic studies using microfossils.     

山东新泰孟家屯岩组锆石特征及其年代学意义

本文借助于离子探针技术(SHRIMPⅠ)，对孟家屯岩组的石榴子石石英岩、含十字石石榴黑云母片岩、斜长角闪岩，以及孟家屯岩组的围岩条带状黑云斜长片麻岩(原岩为英云闪长岩)等进行了锆石年代学测定，并结合阴极发光和背散射电子图像反映出的锆石形态和微区特征，得出不同锆石微区的年龄。经分析有几组年龄值，分别为：2742Ma和2717Ma，2695Ma，2642～2620Ma。结合笔者其他的研究分析，它们分别代表孟家屯岩组源区岩石年龄、英云闪长岩的侵入年龄、变质作用年龄。在此基础上，较为完整的论述了孟家屯岩组演化历史。本文的同位素年代学资料为鲁西孟家屯岩组最新的资料，尤其是首次获得了孟家屯岩组准确的源区岩石年龄，并且准确地限定了孟家屯岩组的形成时代。对研究孟家屯岩组，以及泰山岩群和整个鲁西的地质演化历史有重要的意义。     

中国贵州中生代四足类足迹化石的回顾与新发现*

贵州省拥有丰富的中生代脊椎动物化石记录,多为三叠纪海生爬行类化石,侏罗纪和白垩纪的脊椎动物化石较少。目前,贵州省已发现中生代爬行类足迹点9处,分别为贞丰牛场、贞丰龙场、安顺幺铺、赫章辅处、毕节响水(2处)、仁怀茅台、赤水宝源和习水同民足迹点。文中除描述了贞丰龙场新增的一批足迹化石外,整理并总结了所有足迹点的发现史、研究现状、足迹类型与特征以及所反映的古生态信息。已发现的遗迹记录由69条行迹和420个孤立足迹组成,足迹总数达991个。所有的遗迹化石指示了至少477个造迹者,包括海生爬行类、手兽足迹类、非鸟兽脚类、鸟类、蜥脚类和鸟臀类等,其中三叠纪以海生爬行类主导,侏罗纪和白垩纪以蜥臀类主导。这个数据集为贵州中生代古生物类群的多样性提供了重要的信息,是晚中生代稀缺骨骼化石记录的良好补充,为研究贵州省中生代脊椎动物群的古生态与古环境提供了更多的证据。     

山区地质灾害时空分布规律及影响因素分析——以四川省马边县为例

山区地质灾害不仅破坏山区环境,损毁耕地、房屋及公共设施,还威胁人民的生命和财产安全,制约山区经济发展.为减轻地质灾害的发生和降低人类生命财产的损失和环境的破坏,提高马边县地质灾害区的防灾减灾能力,通过野外调查、数据统计和GIS空间分析等方法,运用定性和定量结合法研究了马边县地质灾害时空分布与地形地貌、地质构造、降雨条件等3大类和海拔、坡向、坡度、坡型、岩性、断裂、降雨和人为活动8小类因素的关系.结果表明：1）马边县地质灾害以滑坡灾害为主,崩塌次之,泥石流最少,在时间上和空间上分布具有不均匀性;2）地形地貌因子敏感区间为海拔700～900 m之间,坡向为东和东南向,坡度为20～25°之间,坡型为凸型坡为主;3）地质构造因子敏感区间是岩性以泥岩为主,构造带以距离断层中心线小于1 km范围为主;4）降雨量的敏感区间在低山区为1 100～1 300 mm之间,中高山区为1 300～1 500 mm之间;5）人为活动因素已不可忽视．