聊城市城区地热资源及开发利用

聊城市城区位于临清潜陷区和鲁中隆起区的接合部位,地热成矿地质条件有利。地热类型属层状裂隙-孔隙型和裂隙-岩溶型,可被利用的热储层主要有3个,分别为新近纪馆陶组、古近纪东营组裂隙-孔隙型热储和寒武-奥陶纪裂隙-岩溶型热储。3个热储层水温、水质各具特点,均具有较好的开发利用价值。     

利津县城区地热资源状况及开发前景分析

利津县城区的地热资源主要赋存于新生代新近纪和古近纪碎屑沉积岩中,热储类型为层状孔隙-裂隙型热储,地热资源类型属热传导型。新近纪馆陶组热储层组与古近纪东营组热储层组是主要的热储层。该文在论述利津县地热地质条件的基础上,对地热开发的经济、社会、环境效益及开发利用前景进行了分析,对地热开发中的尾水排放和回灌问题进行了探讨,最后提出了地热资源开发与管理方面的建议。     

山东省曹县城区地热资源评价

通过地球物理勘探、水文地质调查、钻孔和抽水试验,结合区域水文、气象和地质等资料,对山东省曹县城区地热地质条件、热储赋存条件有了初步认识,结合CD1号探采结合地热孔,对孔隙、岩溶裂隙型含水热储层及许庄复合热储层地热资源量进行了计算,对地热水资源进行了开发利用评价。     

济南市孔隙裂隙地热田热储特征及开发利用模式探讨

以济南市孔隙裂隙地热田地质条件为背景,在全面掌握济南市地热勘查情况的基础上,论述了济南市孔隙裂隙热储特征,认为馆陶组热储埋深适中,富水性较强,属于中低温热储,是济南市孔隙裂隙热储层区最为适宜的开采层;而东营组热储层埋藏较深且分布不稳定,部分地区缺失,富水性较差,目前单独成井开采适宜性较差。并根据热储特征及区位优势,对地热资源开发利用模式进行了探讨。     

山东聊城西部地热田地热地质特征

山东省聊城西部地热田位于临清拗陷内的莘县凹陷的南部,面积约为1 280 km2。地热类型属低温层控砂岩孔隙型,盖层为第四系和新近纪黄骅群明化镇组。常被利用的地热有新近纪黄骅群馆陶组和古近纪济阳群东营组2个热储层,其中馆陶组热储层中地热水矿化度为5 000 mg/L左右,可利用地热资源量为2.5490×1018J,热水资源静储量为126.06×109m3;东营组热储层中地热水矿化度较高,为6 566.73~9 125.38 mg/L,可利用地热资源量为3.6600×1018J,热水资源静储量为94.339×109m3。该地热田中地热水主要为大气降水在深循环过程中被地温加热而成。     

莱芜市冷家庄地区地热地质条件探讨

冷家庄位于泰莱断陷盆地内,通过进行地热地质调查及物探勘查成果推测,认为该地区地热开发具可行性,有较好的开发利用前景。地热类型为层状岩溶一裂隙型,热储层为奥陶纪马家沟组北庵庄段,深度2200m,水量30～40m^3／d,水温51℃左右。     

二氧化碳羽流地热系统中井间距和储层渗透率对热提取率的影响:以松辽盆地为例

二氧化碳羽流地热系统(CPGS)是一种新的地热能的开采技术,其以超临界CO₂作为地下热能载体,利用天然孔隙介质,实现深部地热资源的提取与CO₂地质储存的双重目的。以松辽盆地中央凹陷区泉头组三、四段为目标储层,运用TOUGH2/ECO2H软件建立了平面二维羽流地热模型,且对地下载热流体进行了数值模拟,定量分析了注入井与生产井井间距离以及储层渗透率对热提取率的影响。模拟结果显示,羽流地热系统的热提取率随着注入井与生产井的井间距离和储层渗透率的增大而增大。为提高CO₂羽流地热系统的能量输出,应选择“中等渗透率(模型为10-15~10-14m2)、注入井与生产井的井间距离长(模型为707.10 m)”的地层作为热储层。      

化学刺激技术在干热岩储层改造中的应用与最新进展

干热岩是一种没有水(或含有少量水而不流动)的高温(180℃)岩体,多为变质岩或花岗岩,岩性致密,很少存在孔隙或裂隙,渗透性极差。增强型地热系统(Enhanced Geothermal System,EGS)是利用水力压裂、化学刺激等措施形成人工地热储层,通过注入载热流体从低渗透性干热岩中经济有效地开采出热能的人工地热开采系统,是开发干热岩型地热资源的有效方法。增强型地热系统成功的关键在于可控性良好的储层改造手段,化学刺激即为储层改造常用的方法之一。通过回顾国内外有关增强型地热系统储层改造中化学刺激技术研究的最新成果,总结了实际应用化学刺激技术的增强型地热系统工程经验。结果表明:增强型地热系统中采用的化学刺激剂多数为酸性化学刺激剂,其中螯合酸具有阻垢性、缓速性、催化性、二次沉淀少、腐蚀性弱等优点,能够实现深穿透、低伤害的储层激发;单一的碱性化学刺激剂(NaOH和Na_2CO_3)的室内实验结果较为理想,但是场地应用效果并不令人满意,添加了NTA、EDTA等螯合剂的碱性化学刺激剂可减少次生沉淀的生成,从而取得良好的储层改造效果。最后,针对青海共和盆地正在开展的干热岩开发示范工程项目,提出热刺激和碱性化学刺激联合的储层刺激工艺,该工艺有可能在深部高温岩体中产生改造体积更大的地热储层,提高储层改造的效果。     

山东聊城西部地热田地热地质特征

山东省聊城西部地热田位于临清拗陷内的莘县凹陷的南部，面积约为1280km^2。地热类型属低温层控砂岩孔隙型，盖层为第四系和新近纪黄骅群明化镇组。常被利用的地热有新近纪黄骅群馆陶组和古近纪济阳群东营组2个热储层，其中馆陶组热储层中地热水矿化度为5000mg／L左右，可利用地热资源量为2．5490×10^18J，热水资源静储量为126．06×10^9m^3；东营组热储层中地热水矿化度较高，为6566．73—9125．38mg／L，可利用地热资源量为3．6600×10^18J，热水资源静储量为94．339×10^9m^3。该地热田中地热水主要为大气降水在深循环过程中被地温加热而成。     

山东临清地热田地热地质特征

山东省临清地热田主体位于冠县凹陷内,面积约1550km2。地热类型属层状孔隙型,热源是地球内部的传导热,盖层是第四系和新近纪明化镇组。可被利用的热储层有4个,最有开发利用价值的是馆陶组下段热储,该热储层顶板埋深约1100m,底板埋深约1700m,热储层厚度530~580m,含水层累积厚度158~175m,单井涌水量1500~2000m3/d,出口水温62~67℃,矿化度5000mg/L左右,具腐蚀性,结垢性弱,具较好的开发利用价值。经计算馆陶组热储层单井1a的可采量为5.431×105m3,100a可采量所释放的总热量为1.156×1013kJ,合理井距为1500m。     

试论引黄灌区水资源合理利用─—以高青县引黄灌区为例

本文以高青县引黄灌区为例，从灌区水资源利用量计算、水资源合理调配以及加强管理与节流三方面论述了灌区在水资源利用中应遵循的方法和原则。     

山东省高青县境小清河对沿岸浅层地下水的污染影响分析

高青县境小清河水体污染严重,其污染源主要来自上游济南段和中游淄博段,已对沿岸浅层地下水造成了不同程度的污染,其污染程度受沿岸地下水的水位、包气带岩性结构和物质组成及距小清河的距离远近影响;污染的途径为引河污灌溉以及河水的对流弥散作用。     

Studies of community structure and seasonal dynamics of planktonic copepods in saline-alkaline ponds

Abstracts Species abundance and seasonal succession of copepods in saline-alkaline ponds were studied in Zhaodian Fish Farm, Gaoqing County, Shandong Province, from 5 April 1997 to 1 September 1998. The results indicated that in the conditions of salinity ranging from 1.36 to 20 g/L, total alkalinity changing from 2.4 to 7.2 mmol/L and pH 8-9, zooplankton in saline-alkaline ponds was composed of freshwater salt-tolerated species or halophile species, some of which are halobiont species and usually occurs in freshwater. In our study, copepods were predominant in many fish-culture ponds and all control ponds without fishes in spring, late autumn and early winter. Dominant species of copepods were Sinocalanus tenellus, Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops taihokuensis. The biomass of copepods in the control ponds without fishes was higher than that of the fish-culture ponds.     

三种裸子植物化石木的研究

本文研究了我国长江北岸湖北省武汉市新洲县阳逻镇北部晚第三纪的三种裸子植物化石木。它们是水松ＧｌｙｐｔｏｓｔｒｏｂｕｓｐｅｎｓｉｌｉｓＫ．Ｋｏｃｈ，武汉柏本ＣｕｐｒｅｓｓｕｓｗｕｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＪ．ＪＹａｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和武汉刺柏ＪｕｎｉｐｅｒｕｓｗｕｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＪ．Ｊ．Ｙａｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，这些化石本的发现，给研究我国裸子植物提供了良好的依据．此外，对１９９０年发表于《林业科学》（２６卷４期）上的湖北柏木和河南松化石木也给了拉丁种名，它们分别是ＣｕｐｒｅｓｓｕｓｈｕｂｅｉｓｎｓｉｓＪ．Ｊ．Ｙａｎｇｓｐｎｏｖ．和ｐｉｎｕｓｈｅｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓＪ．Ｊ．Ｙａｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．     

中生代昆虫化石新资料

山东莱阳盆地的昆虫化石最早为A.W.Grabau(1923)和C.Ping(1928)所描述,计6属8种。最近,洪友崇(1984)又描述了3属3种。这样,共计发表了9属11种。实际上,这个地区的昆虫化石极为丰富。本文所描述的6目12科16属19种只是最新采集的昆虫化石的一部分,其中有11新属13新种,4已知属新种和2已知种。张生、刘德正和上官义宁等同志帮助采集了标本;中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所胡     

Primary species recognitionand phylogeny of Chondrus （Gigartinales, Rhodophyta） using 18S rDNA sequence data

The nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA) of 16 isolates of Chondrus from 8 countries were sequenced. A total of 1796 nucleotides were obtained and aligned with the phylogenetic analysis conducted. The results suggest that the entity from Dalian, China, regarded as C. sp1 is C. pinnulatus. The C. sp2 previously depicted as C. yendoi or Mazzaella japonica may belong to genus Chondrus. So, 4 Chondrus species, i.e. C. ocellatus, C. nipponicus, C. armatus, and C. pinnulatus are distributed in China. However, the entity from Connemara, Ireland, named C. crispus, is not a Chondrus species but that of Mastocarpus stellatus, although it is morphologically similar to C. crispus. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete 18S rDNA sequence data shows that genus Chondrus includes 3 main lineages: the Northern Pacific lineage, containing C. ocellatus, C. yendoi, and C. nipponicus; C. armatus, and C. pinnulatus form the sub-North Pacific lineage; and the Northern Atlantic Ocean lineage, comprising samples of C. crispus from Canada, Portugal, Ireland, Germany and France. The phylogenetic relationships indicate that genus Chondrus might have a North Pacific ancestral origin, radiated to North Atlantic area, and then formed the species C. crispus.     

Taxonomic revision of Gelidium tsengii and Gelidium honghaiwanense sp. nov.(Gelidiales,Rhodophyta) from China based upon molecular and morphological data analyses

The taxonomic relationship of Chinese Gelidium tsengii and Gelidium johnstonii was ambiguous. For almost 20 years they have been regarded as distinct taxa and until 2002 G. johnstonii was considered as a misapplied name of G. tsengii. In this study, herbarium specimens that initially attributed to G. tsengii and fresh G. tsengii specimens were used to address the taxonomic issues. In phylogenetic studies, G. tsengii from Dayawan, China, near the type locality of G. tsengii and G. johnstonii from Sonora, Mexico, the type locality of G. johnstonii, formed a monophyletic group with maximum support in r bc L and COI genes analyses, indicating that they were genetically identical. In morphological studies, G. tsengii was similar to G. johnstonii in branching pattern, inner structures and fructiferous organs. Consequently, we considered that semi-circular outline of G. tsengii could no longer be treated as a discrimating feature. G. johnstonii had priority of publication and according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, G. tsengii was proposed as a synonym of G. johnstonii. Gelidium honghaiwanense sp. nov. was described from Guangdong, China on the basis of morphological and molecular data. For vegetative structures, it was characterized by flattened upright frond, regular two-three times branches pinnate or alternate and clavate ultimate branchlets. For reproductive structures, the tetrasporangial sori were in the apical part of branches and the tetrasporangial branchlets were distichously distributed along second order branches. The present study clarified the relationship between G. tsengii and G. johnstonii from Guangdong and added a new Gelidium species to the Chinese algal flora.     

NEW TAXA OF EUGLENOPHYTA FROM CHINA

Eight new taxa of Euglenophyta are described in this paper. They were collected from severalprovinces in China and respectively named Euglena allorgei var. exsulcata. E pisciformis var. globosa, E.tortiliS, Lepocinclis glabra var. papillata, Phacus pisiformis, Ph.strombuliformis,Ph.trimarginatus var.truncatus and Astasia angusta.     

关于辽东－吉南中侏罗－早白垩世地层问题

吉南候家屯组与辽东小东沟组在辽东北部连成一体，以往地层划分和对比上的分歧，皆由王钰等定义小东沟组含有熔岩——“为小岭期火山喷发初的火山活动产物”所致。小东沟组、候家屯组为独立于辽东小岭组，吉南果松组火山岩之外的地层体，为干旱炎热气候条件下的河湖相沉积。辽东梨树沟组建立时未明确定义，建组剖面仅共分二层，为凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩夹砂页岩，多数研究者将其理解为小岭期火山喷发的尾声产物，无疑是正确的，但近年已人为地演义为“远火山相和湖相”（沉积），并与辽西九佛堂（沙海）组对比，已失去岩石地层单位组的客观性、物质性及组内岩性、岩相的一致性。现据“组应概分，不易细分”等有关原则，建议废弃梨树沟组名称，将与小岭组有成因联系的远火山相产物（包括夹层）划归小岭组，其上部确与小岭期火山喷发无关的河湖（沼）相沉积归于聂尔库组