提高水文水井成井质量的几点体会

根据笔者几十年的工作经验讨论了水文水井成井工艺,详细介绍了成井工艺中换浆、破壁、下管、填砾、止水、洗井、下泵、抽水试验等工作环节     

一种循环水填砾法用井底冲孔器

施工水源井时,常用循环水填砾法向井内充填砾料。通常是将钻具下入井管内,密封井管口,冲洗液(稀泥浆或清水)压入井管后,通过过滤器进入井内,然后携带井内的浓泥浆通过井     

新型成井过滤器在地下水开采中的应用

研制的一种新型成井过滤器技术,它适合于地下水开采特别是深井开采及粉细砂地层开采,具有良好的滤水挡砂作用和功能。减小钻井口径、滤料对位准确,避免了常规成井时人工填砾易形成的砾料架桥、蓬塞、厚薄不均等所导致水井涌砂等成井质量问题。为粉细砂地层成井、深井成井提供了一种新型的成井材料和成井技术方法。     

滨海新区西部馆陶组回灌井填砾成井工艺的应用分析

为了解决以往成井工艺存在的新近系储层回灌堵塞问题,根据热储条件,滨海新区西部25#地热回灌井采用大口径管外填砾的成井工艺。在施工重点工序上,一方面为了减小热储层的水流阻力,提高回灌量,25#回灌井采用下管前的破壁洗井和填砾前的正循环管外洗井,破坏井壁泥皮和清除渗入热储层中的稠泥浆,使过滤器周围形成一个良好的人工过滤层;另一方面总结以前填砾经验和教训,25#回灌井采用动水填砾,有效避免了填砾过程中的砾料膨胀与搭桥现象,保证了填砾安全到位。25#回灌井成井后进行了科研性回灌试验和生产性回灌试验,最大稳定灌量达66 m3/h,稳定动水位埋深71.37 m,回灌效果良好,而且后期回灌运行稳定,进一步验证了填砾成井工艺有利于回灌。     

自然伽马测井在水文地质孔填砾中的应用

填砾是水文地质勘探孔成井的一个关键工艺,该工艺的一个难点就是填砾过程的深度测量,因无法及时判断填砾面位置及填砾过程中出现的"悬空"现象,导致勘探孔无法止水分层或报废,特别是在细颗粒含水层区成井,因填砾失败导致井报废的实例很多。通过自然伽马测井利用裸孔和填砾前、后的曲线对比,可以测量填砾面位置,解决了填砾过程中砾面深度测量的困难;可以发现填砾成井过程中产生的不利现象,为成井采取补救措施提供信息帮助,有利于保证成井质量。     

塑衬携砾过滤器在山西原平市东营村示范井中的应用

结合地质调查项目研制的塑衬携砾过滤器,为进一步检验其实际应用效果,2008年9-10月在山西省原平市东营村地方病严重区进行了塑衬携砾过滤器的野外成井示范,示范结果表明,携砾过滤器完全可以用于中深井的水文水井成井,取代传统的填砾成井过滤器。     

陶粒贴砾过滤器的研制与应用

针对水井修井和水平井成井填砾困难的特点,通过大量室内试验,研制了陶粒贴砾过滤器。该过滤器以PVC—U塑料管作衬管、陶粒作滤料,经粘合剂粘结而成,具有滤水阻砂效果好,整体质量轻,韧性好,滤层的抗压、抗冲击强度高等优点。介绍了陶粒贴砾过滤器的基本性能特点和应用效果。     

深井填砾工艺关键技术探讨

在河北平原新近系地热井施工时采用填砾工艺具有防砂、稳定孔壁的优点,但具有一定的施工难度。通过实践应用提出了管孔径级配方案,总结了终孔替浆工艺,分析并论证了填砾数量计算方法、填砾速度的确定原则及静水填砾方法的可行性。     

安阳枫林水郡小区水源热泵热源井的设计与施工

地下水源热泵系统应用中最突出的问题是回灌效率低、地下水资源浪费。分析认为造成回灌效率低的主要原因之一是热源井设计和施工工艺不合理。为此,在安阳枫林水郡小区热源井设计和施工中分别采用了增大桥式过滤管的数量、桥高、滤料粒径和填砾厚度等措施,回灌量明显增加,实现了1抽1回的目标。既解决了回灌效率低、资源浪费的问题,又大幅降低了工程投资和运行成本。     

水井器材的选用

本文从连接方式、尺寸范围、强度、填砾、封隔材料等方面详细介绍了国外在水文水井中对ＰＶＣ滤水管和井壁管及有关材料的选用方法,文中介绍了四种滤水管的特点。     

Motion in a Central Field in the Presence of a Constant Perturbing Acceleration in a Coordinate System Comoving with the Velocity Vector

The motion of a zero-mass point under the action of gravitation toward a central body and a perturbing acceleration P is considered. The magnitude of P is taken to be small compared to the main acceleration due to the gravitation of the central body, and the components of the vector P are taken to be constant in a reference frame with its origin at the central body and its axes directed along the velocity vector, normal to the velocity vector in the plane of the osculating orbit, and along the binormal. The equations in the mean elements were obtained in an earlier study. The algorithm used to solve these equations is given in this study. This algorithm is analogous to one constructed earlier for the case when P is constant in a reference frame tied to the radius vector. The properties of the solutions are similar. The main difference is that, in the most important cases, the quadratures to which the solution reduces lead to non-elementary functions. However, they can be expressed as series in powers of the eccentricity e that converge for e < 1, and often also for e = 1.     

Avoiding Singularities in the Numerical Solution of the Motion of a Deformable Ellipse Immersed in a Viscous Fluid

Geological materials are largely heterogeneous and are typically comprised of approximately ellipsoidal objects immersed in a matrix with different physical properties. Methodologies for the identification of ancient regional tectonic patterns may be developed based on an understanding of the behaviour of heterogeneous materials. In this contribution, the differential equation governing the rotation of a deformable ellipse immersed in a viscous fluid is considered and is found to contain a singularity when the ellipse becomes circular in shape. This problem is avoided by reformulating the equations using the standard algebraic representation of an ellipse. Thus, the equations can be numerically solved without difficulty.     

Mathematical modeling of a jet in the vicinity of a compact object

An MHD model for the formation of a jet in the vicinity of a compact object with a supersonic accretion regime is constructed, assuming that the plasma is perfectly electrically conducting. A stable, collimated jet of plasma along the z axis symmetric about the plane of the accretion disk is obtained. The parameters of the jet are in good agreement-with available observational data on the structure and properties of jets.     

长江三角洲千年冬温序列与古里雅冰芯比较

利用长江三角洲史料优势,重建公元820年代以来,年代级冬温序列.为测试古里雅冰芯记录的影响力,与之作比较研究.结果显示:其年代级变化背景有很好的对应关系,年代级变化有大同小异的复杂情况.舍弃量级,就年代级温度,降水升降,约有一半是同步的,且有大致对应的温湿组合.说明两地虽远隔数千公里,环境生态条件悬殊,年代级气候变化仍有响应.最后就形成响应的成因机制作初步分析。     

Resonance scattering in a line in the presence of a weak external magnetic field

The theory required to calculate the phase matrix for resonance scattering in the presence of a magnetic field is set out. Interference effects between radiation from individual magnetic sublevels of the atom are taken into account. Errors in the algorithms used to calculate the phase matrix published earlier by other authors are identified.     

Optimizing a piezometric network in the estimation of the groundwater budget: a case study from a crystalline-rock watershed in southern India

An estimate of the groundwater budget at the catchment scale is extremely important for the sustainable management of available water resources. Water resources are generally subjected to over-exploitation for agricultural and domestic purposes in agrarian economies like India. The double water-table fluctuation method is a reliable method for calculating the water budget in semi-arid crystalline rock areas. Extensive measurements of water levels from a dense network before and after the monsoon rainfall were made in a 53 km² watershed in southern India and various components of the water balance were then calculated. Later, water level data underwent geostatistical analyses to determine the priority and/or redundancy of each measurement point using a cross-validation method. An optimal network evolved from these analyses. The network was then used in re-calculation of the water-balance components. It was established that such an optimized network provides far fewer measurement points without considerably changing the conclusions regarding groundwater budget. This exercise is helpful in reducing the time and expenditure involved in exhaustive piezometric surveys and also in determining the water budget for large watersheds (watersheds greater than 50 km²).     

Petrography and decay of a marly limestone in the cloister of a medieval cathedral in Sicily

This paper deals with a significant process of decohesion of a marly limestone, taking place in the cloister of the medieval Cathedral of Cefalù, a pleasant town on the northern coast of Sicily. After desalination with deionised water and consolidation with ethyl silicate, the decay of the stone became faster. The aim of our study is to characterise the stony material and investigate the observed decay phenomena. The stone, that is a poor building material indeed, is characterised by means of petrographical, chemical and physical analyses on samples taken from the monument. Furthermore, experimental tests are performed in the laboratory in order to highlight the causes of incompatibility between the stone and the applied treatments.     

The motion of a star in the vicinity of a globular cluster in an elliptical galaxy

The spatial motion of a star in the vicinity of a globular cluster located in an inhomogeneous, rotating elliptical galaxy (EG) is considered. Perturbations due to the gravitation of the galaxy are taken into account, taking it to be a two-layer system together with its halo: an inner ellipsoid, representing the lumious part of the galaxy, and a homeoid, representing space filled with dark matter between inner and outer ellipsoidal boundaries. The ellipsoids are taken to be homothetic and to have a common center, with the boundary of the outer ellipsoid coincident with the boundary of the galactic halo. The luminous part of the EG and the homeoid have different densities. The motion of the star near a globular cluster occurs outside the luminous part of the EG, but inside the homeoid. The concept of the “vicinity of the globular cluster” is concretized using the concept of a “sphere of influence” (and the gravitational sphere and Hill gravitational sphere). Stellar motions inside and outside the sphere of influence of the globular cluster are considered, and the region of possible motions is determined. A quasi-integral and surfaces of minimum energy are found, which under certain conditions can be transformed into an analog of the Jacobi integral and surfaces of zero velocity. The Lyapunov stability of the stationary solutions obtained is established. The results are applied to model EGs whose parameters coincide with those of NGC 4472 (M49), NGC 4636, and NGC 4374, which contain a large number of globular clusters, and are presented in the form of figures and tables. Using these galaxies as examples, it is shown that studying stellar motions, and also determining the libration points and establishing their stability, requires use of an exact, rather than an approximate, expression for the potential of the luminous part of the elliptical galaxy.