晋东南辛安泉域地下水水质污染现状及污染成因分析

辛安泉是北方第二大泉，泉域面积１３０００ｋｍ＾２。根据环境水文地质条件，将拉域划分为四个子系统。采用饮用水卫生标准和污染起始值对系统内地下水水质进行评价，并对其污染成因进行了分析。     

山西五台县水泉湾泉和李家庄泉的成因分析

本文主要根据水泉湾泉和李家庄泉泉域的地质和水文地质资料，分析了本区内岩溶的发育特征和岩溶地下水的循环规律．研究分析了水泉湾泉和李家庄泉的形成原因。     

云南维西县仙人洞泉和龙滩泉成因分析

主要根据仙人洞泉和龙滩泉的地质和水文地质调查资料,分析了研究区内岩溶发育特征,并应用水化学分析和同位素测试方法,研究分析了仙人洞泉和龙滩泉形成原因。认为研究区仙人洞泉和龙滩泉水化学及同位素特征相似,二者与金沙江水水化学组成差异较大,二者均以分水岭附近的石炭系地层为主要补给区,但仙人洞泉还接受更远地段地下水的补给,地下水沿岩溶裂隙和管道系统径流。     

柳林泉岩溶地下水监测分析

柳林泉是山西省水资办与吕梁地区水资办确定的重点监测水源.从上世纪七十年代开始对水量水位、水质进行监测.在多年的监测中积累了大量的水文资料,监测成果为评价柳林泉岩溶地下水、指导柳林泉开发利用和保护提供了科学依据.本文对柳林泉的监测成果进行分析,得出了结论并提出建议.     

山西孟县张城堡泉成因研究

<正> 张城堡泉位于山西省孟县上社镇张城堡村东北200米处,涌水量5升/秒,水温14℃,出露标高950米,水化学类型为重碳酸钙镁型水,含铁0.229毫克/升、二氧化硅13.6毫克/升、偏硅酸17.7毫克/升、锶0.21毫克/升,矿化度359.49毫克/升。泉周围广泛出露的仅是地槽期的建造太古代结晶变质岩,而没有地台期、地洼期的建造,这使人们一直误认为泉周围自显生宙     

柳林泉岩溶地下水开发前景及管理探讨

柳林泉是吕梁地区最大的岩溶水资源,也是离柳煤电能源及离石市、中阳县、柳林县工业和城市生活用水的主要水源,对离柳区的经济发展和城市供水起着极为重要的作用,就目前来看,开发前景较好,但管理必须严谨.本文对柳林泉今后的开发和管理加以论述提出看法.     

Geothermometry and circulation depth of groundwater in Semnan thermal springs,Northern Iran

Semnan thermal springs with high TDS and moderate temperature are located northwest of Semnan, the northern part of Iran. The spatial and temporal variations of physicochemical characteristics of the thermal and cold springs were investigated for the recognition of origin and dominant hydrogeochemical processes. Results show that the thermal springs have the same origin, but due to different ascending flow paths and different conductive cooling mechanism, their temperatures vary. The chemical composition of thermal waters is controlled by dolomite, halite and sulfate minerals dissolution and calcite precipitation and bacterial sulfate reduction. The concentration of major and trace elements in the thermal springs does not change in wet and dry seasons notably because they are derived from old groundwater with deep circulation and high temperature. Seasonal change in the concentration of some trace elements is due to the seasonal variation of pH, Eh, temperature and dilution by shallow waters. Decreasing SO₄ and carbonate saturation index and increasing Na/Cl ratios and Ca content in the dry season show dilution effect caused by the previous heavy rainfall events. The temperature of the heating reservoir based on K–Mg, chalcedony, quartz and chemical equilibrium approach was approximately estimated in the range of 60–80 °C. Hydrogeologically, a conceptual model was suggested for the thermal springs. The general groundwater flow direction is probably from the dolomite Lar Formation in Chenaran anticline toward the adjacent syncline in a confined condition, and then a thrust fault acts as a conduit and redirects the thermal water to the emerging springs at the surface.     

Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs

Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca–HCO₃ (six), Na–Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for Ca–HCO₃ spring waters was modeled by reactions of rainwater with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions. The Na–Cl and mixed-type springs were modeled by reactions of either rainwater or Upper Floridan aquifer water with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions and mixed with varying proportions of saline Lower Floridan aquifer water, which represented 4–53% of the total spring discharge. Multiple-tracer data—chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113, tritium (³H), helium-3 (³He_trit), sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆)—for four Ca–HCO₃ spring waters were consistent with binary mixing curves representing water recharged during 1980 or 1990 mixing with an older (recharged before 1940) tracer-free component. Young-water mixing fractions ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Tracer concentration data for two Na–Cl spring waters appear to be consistent with binary mixtures of 1990 water with older water recharged in 1965 or 1975. Nitrate-N concentrations are inversely related to apparent ages of spring waters, which indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations were likely contributed from recent recharge.The online version of the original article can be found at     

Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs

Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca–HCO₃ (six), Na–Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for Ca–HCO₃ spring waters was modeled by reactions of rainwater with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions. The Na–Cl and mixed-type springs were modeled by reactions of either rainwater or Upper Floridan aquifer water with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions and mixed with varying proportions of saline Lower Floridan aquifer water, which represented 4–53% of the total spring discharge. Multiple-tracer data—chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113, tritium (³H), helium-3 (³He_trit), sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆)—for four Ca–HCO₃ spring waters were consistent with binary mixing curves representing water recharged during 1980 or 1990 mixing with an older (recharged before 1940) tracer-free component. Young-water mixing fractions ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Tracer concentration data for two Na–Cl spring waters appear to be consistent with binary mixtures of 1990 water with older water recharged in 1965 or 1975. Nitrate-N concentrations are inversely related to apparent ages of spring waters, which indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations were likely contributed from recent recharge.An erratum to this article can be found at     

珠江三角洲地区浅层地下水铍的分布及成因探讨

通过对珠江三角洲地区900余组浅层地下水样中铍及铝、pH值等元素的分析,研究了珠江三角洲浅层地下水中铍的分布特征,探讨了铍的主要影响因素及其成因。结果表明,珠江三角洲地区浅层地下水中铍的含量介于0~40.3μg.L-1,普遍低于0.5μg.L-1,平均值0.66μg.L-1。超标点仅零散分布于广州、深圳、东莞、佛山和惠州地区,超标率2.24%。地下水铍污染呈局部点状分布特征。pH值和铝是影响该区地下水中铍分布的最主要因素。偏酸及高铝含量的地下水及土壤环境为铍的迁移提供了有利条件。岩石风化及天然土壤的形成是地下水中铍的来源之一,人类活动造成的污染对地下水铍超标有重要贡献。     

常熟市浅层地下水资源开发利用潜力分析

常熟市2005年全面禁采地下水后,将面临供水水源不足的问题,寻找新的水源成为当务之急。通过建立潜力分析数学模型,利用G IS软件的空间信息叠加分析功能,对浅层地下水开发利用的潜力进行分析,得出浅层地下水可以作为常熟市供水水源的结论,并绘制了开发利用潜力评价分区图,其成果为当地水资源规划提供了依据。     

珠江三角洲浅层地下水pH值的分布及成因浅析

通过珠江三角洲地区两千余组地下水样的pH值现场测试,发现水体酸化是该区地下水环境最为突出的问题之一。偏酸性地下水的分布范围占全区76.3%。该区地下水pH值的分布具有明显的区域性特征。丘陵台地区以偏酸性地下水为主,pH值集中在5.6～6.4;三角洲平原区地下水普遍呈中性,pH值主要介于6.4～7.2。丰、枯水期地下水pH值变幅不大,受酸雨影响,丰水期略有降低。该地区影响地下水pH值的主要因素为酸雨、包气带介质、河流及海水潮汐。丘陵区酸雨入渗强度大、包气带的缓冲能力低,对地下水pH值偏低起了主要作用;平原区粘土层厚,酸雨入渗强度减弱,而河流与地下水交换频繁,加上咸潮与海水入侵的影响,共同导致了地下水pH值升高。     

河套平原浅层地下水水化学成分及其相关性分析

本文通过实地调查,按照一定的间距在内蒙古河套平原西部采集和分析了400组地下水水质样品,通过分析研究这些水质测试数据,初步掌握了地下水的水化学特征和其主要元素及离子的分布规律。水化学分析结果表明:研究区的地下水水质总体较差,砷、氯化物、硫酸盐、溶解性总固体、总硬度、氟化物和铁等多项指标超标;区内地下水化学类型以Cl·HCO3-Na、Cl-Na、HCO3·Cl-Na型为主;主要组分分布图表明,砷、磷、铁、氯化物、氟化物、硫酸盐等含量较高的点主要分布在研究区西北部地势较低的山前冲、洪积扇扇裙前缘和地势相对低洼的冲积平原以及临河区北部的狼山镇一带。通过对14种水质测试指标值进行多元线性回归分析结果表明,研究区地下水中砷与磷、铁含量具有密切的相关关系。     

开采浅层地下水对高速铁路工程的影响分析

本文根据浅层地下水的性质,阐述了抽水引起的地面沉降机理和计算方法,结合实例计算了由于抽取浅层地下水引起的小范围地面沉降和影响范围,分析了这种小范围地面沉降对客运专线路基、桥梁、轨道工程的影响.     

Geochemical modeling and isotope analysis of the shallow groundwater aquifer of Baghdad Area

Baghdad City is characterized by high population density and wide variation in land use. It is covered by Quaternary flood plain deposits of variable nature where silt is the predominant component. The shallow aquifer is unconfined to semi-confined at some locations. The hydraulic properties of the aquifer are highly variable in the study area. A study of this groundwater shallow aquifer and the hydrochemical relation with the Tigris River were conducted using geochemical modeling approach. Baghdad Meteoric Water Line (BMWL) was also constructed using data of stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrochemical parameters of the Tigris River show significant differences at high and low flow conditions, and there are clear difference among the selected stations. Groundwater parameters show also significant spatial and temporal variations in major and minor elements concentrations. Geochemical modeling results indicate that dissolution of dolomite, gypsum, chlorite, siderite, chalcedony, cation exchange of Ca²⁺/Na⁺ and precipitation of calcite, illite, kaolinite, and hematite are the main chemical reactions in the Rasafa side, whereas no specific reactions can be shown in the Karkh side. Mixing models of the shallow groundwater and Tigris River water show various patterns affected by other factors such as the aquifer recharge and evaporation, especially at the most shallow parts. The BMWL has been defined by the equation $ {\delta^2}\mathrm{H} = 8.6\ {\delta^{18}}\mathrm{O} + 17.48 $ and the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen reveal different signatures in the Karkh and Rasafa sides, where clear zonation at Rasafa can be observed. We conclude that recharge water undergoes significant evaporation through its transit to the aquifer.     

浅析开采条件下地下热水资源的演变

地下热水的分布可以分为埋藏型（或盆地型）和出露型（或温泉型。埋藏型分布于沉积盆地深处,热储层规模大,有较大的储存资源,但补给资源极为有限或缺乏,开采地下热水主要是消耗储存资源,可导致热水系统水位持续下降。出露型多见于山区,地下热水以温泉的方式出露地表,其储存资源和补给资源均有限,在温泉附近开采热水可导致温泉流量减小直至干涸。热水系统水位、水温也会持续下降。在某些特定条件下在温泉附近打成的自流孔可使地下热水资源量有所增加。温泉的自封闭作用可使其流量减少。