河南省栾川县石瑶沟钼矿地质特征及找矿方向

石瑶沟钼矿床是东秦岭地区新发现的一个大型钼矿床,在钼矿化范围内具有水系沉积物的Au,Pb,Mo,Ag异常和重砂的白钨矿、泡铋矿和自然金异常;钼矿化产于近EW向马超营断裂带和NE向石瑶沟断裂带交汇处.矿区深部隐伏的花岗斑岩和围岩熊耳群都具有钼矿化;钼矿化体在平面上呈近似椭圆形的扁豆体,矿体长1 050 m,宽450 m,...     

河南省栾川县石瑶沟钼矿成矿地质条件分析

在东秦岭钼成矿带最近探明的石窑沟大型钼矿床,位于近东西向马超营断裂带与北东向焦园断裂带的交汇部位,获得钼金属储量10余万吨,平均品位0.064%。矿区位于狮子庙金矿田上,钼矿外围有多个金及多金属矿床及矿点。笔者根据石瑶沟钼矿的赋矿地质条件和化探异常特征,阐述了钼矿的成矿地质条件,钼矿与外围金(银)矿之间的成因联系,提出本区成矿母岩为隐伏的小斑岩体,矿化富集部位为小岩体内外接触带,金银矿质来源主要为坡前街组地层,其成矿与岩浆活动关系密切。同时指出钼矿与金(银)矿床应属于同一成矿系统。据化探成果和钻探资料推测,在隐伏小岩体的周边还存在有类似石瑶沟隐伏岩体的小隐伏岩体,为该区今后的工作提出了新的找矿思路。     

豫西狮子庙金钼矿田矿床模型

在豫西熊耳山地区马超营断裂带中段新近探明的石瑶沟大型斑岩型钼矿,与周围的脉型金矿床构成了狮子庙金钼矿田。斑岩钼矿与外围分布的脉状金矿（铅锌银）具有明显的时空关系,钼-金矿化与燕山期隐伏花岗斑岩体关系密切。石瑶沟斑岩钼矿的外围有一些脉状金矿发育,伴生铅锌银矿,产于斑岩钼矿外围围岩断裂内。这种钼与金矿的密切时空分布关系构成...     

华北克拉通北缘及邻区印支期岩浆活动与钼和金成矿作用

对华北克拉通北缘及邻区19处钼矿床和5处金矿床的产出环境、形成时代和成矿机理及其与印支期侵入岩的关系进行了讨论。尽管各个矿床所处的地理位置不同,但是它们大都在前寒武纪或早古生代地层中产出,并且与印支期侵入岩具有密切的时空分布关系。印支期钼矿床的形成作用可以从早三叠世一直持续到晚三叠世,大规模成矿作用高峰期为230~220 Ma。相比之下,金矿床的形成时间明显早于钼矿床,同位素年龄数据集中分布在245~239 Ma。研究结果表明,自早三叠世开始,华北克拉通北缘及邻区曾发生过多期大规模伸展构造作用,并且形成若干条近东西向展布的裂陷带。张裂构造作用所诱发的富碱性岩浆作用及相关流体活动为钼或金矿床的形成提供了动力和物质来源,因此,印支期侵入岩发育区是寻找隐伏钼或金矿床的有利地区。     

东秦岭石窑沟斑岩钼矿床地质特征及辉钼矿Re-Os年龄

在东秦岭钼成矿带最近探明的石窑沟大型钼矿床位于近东西向马超营断裂带与北东向石窑沟-焦园断裂带的交汇部位,获得钼金属储量10余万吨,平均品位0.068%。钼矿化呈细脉-网脉状分布于花岗斑岩体及其围岩熊耳群火山岩中,与矿化有关的围岩蚀变有钾长石化、硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化等,具有斑岩型钼矿床的一些基本特点。在矿床中选取5件不同矿化类型的辉钼矿样品,采用ICP-MS法进行Re-Os同位素定年,获得模式年龄131.3±2.4～134.3±2.6Ma,等时线年龄135.2±1.8Ma(MSWD=0.18),形成于早白垩世,与豫西熊耳山地区雷门沟、鱼池岭等钼矿床形成时代相近。据辉钼矿Re含量(8.242×10-6～30.24×10-6)推测,矿床成矿物质主要来自于下地壳。矿床为东秦岭-大别山地区中生代第三期钼成矿作用产物,形成于早白垩世中国东部岩石圈伸展环境。     

新疆阿尔泰地区断裂控矿的多重分形机理

新疆阿尔泰地区断裂构造非常发育并对热液成矿有重要控制作用。分形分析表明该区断裂和矿床的空间分布均为多重分形分布,断裂的奇异指数为1.597～2.403,多重分维谱值为0.551～1.706;矿床的奇异指数为0.925～2.287,分维谱值为0.138～1.363。断裂的高的奇异指数和分维谱值表明该区断裂构造具有较高的成熟度和连通性,有利于提高岩石渗透性、促进流体流动和热液矿床的形成。断裂构造的多重分形分布导致该区热液成矿作用的多重分形分布。断裂体系演化过程中不同断裂部位变形和渗透性存在明显差异,数值模拟表明断裂与岩性和流体之间存在强烈的耦合作用并导致不同岩性的断裂具有明显不同的断裂渗透率。断裂-脉体系演化是一个自组织过程,元胞自动机模拟表明只有在分形渗透临界以上连通性较好的脊骨断裂部位是最有利于流体流动和成矿作用的。因此只有在部分有利的断裂部位才能形成矿床,并导致了断裂构造的奇异指数和多重分维谱值明显高于矿床。     

样子哨盆地北缘找矿前景

样子哨盆地北缘构造岩浆活动强烈,成矿地质条件有利。盆地北西北东向韧性剪切带叠加有后期脆性构造,带内发育有串珠状Au元素化探异常,且与已知金矿床（点）吻合较好,类比认为韧性剪切带型金矿具有良好的找矿前景;南东侧盆缘断裂表现为多期次活动叠加的特点,沿断裂带充填有含金硅化蚀变岩,应注意寻找中低温热液型金矿;盆地中早侏罗世闪长岩、花岗斑岩侵入灰岩中,在其周围相应伴随有Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Mo等元素化探异常,矽卡岩型铜钼矿找矿前景较好。     

Nanoscale metals in Earthgas and mobile forms of metals in overburden in wide-spaced regional exploration for giant deposits in overburden terrains

This paper describes the use of NAnoscale Metals in EarthGas (NAMEG) and MObile forms of MEtals in Overburden (MOMEO) methods in regional scale geochemical exploration for giant deposits in terrains covered by overburden. These methods are based on the premise that gases generated from the earth's interior can not only transport mobile forms of elements from an ore deposit and its geochemical halos to the surface to form a local anomaly, but also transport them from distinct bedrock “geochemical blocks” hosting large and giant ore deposits and give rise to large regional geochemical anomalies and geochemical provinces at the surface.Regional NAMEG and MOMEO surveys for giant gold deposits were carried out in Shandong Province, where the largest gold deposits in China are found, and in the Muruntau region of the Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan, one of the world's largest gold ore provinces.In Shandong Province, where most of the area is covered by complex overburden, large regional anomalies in earthgas and water-extractable Au were delineated over and around the giant gold deposits. For many trace elements, the anomalies are larger in area and have greater contrast than those from other methods. High concentration of water soluble Au extends into the southern area covered by transported overburden, suggesting that this region may have potential for the discovery of new concealed gold deposits. The anomalous provinces of Au in both earthgas and water soluble salts coincide with a deep fault, supporting the idea that the deep fault is the main conduit of Au from the interior.In the central Kyzylkum Desert, nearly all Au-hosting rocks are covered by sedimentary sequences overlain by desert sand. Gold and As anomalies over Muruntau and Kokpatas gold deposits have contrasts ranging from 2 to 400 times background. Strong anomalies were also discovered in the south of the Muruntau region, suggesting a promising area for the discovery of new giant gold deposits.     

湖南西北部黑色岩系中的贵金属矿化

湖南西北部寒武系下统木昌组黑色岩系中蕴藏着丰富的镍钼钒多金属矿床及其伴生的贵金属矿化。可划分为２类岩性序列，分别赋存着镍钼－金银矿化和钒－银矿化。有机成矿作用对该类矿床（化）的形成起了主导作用。本区具有潜在的贵金属矿化的找矿前景     

熊耳山—外方山矿集区中生代Au-Mo成矿系统

熊耳山—外方山矿集区位于秦岭造山带之华北板块南缘,经历了复杂的碰撞造山过程,成矿时间跨度大,成矿强度高,成矿作用多样。复合造山过程和相应的成矿作用已被深入研究,但成矿系统的划分和叠加成矿作用尚需研究。本文将熊耳山—外方山矿集区发育的Au-Mo矿床划分为造山型Mo矿床、斑岩型Mo矿床、岩浆热液脉型Mo矿床、造山型Au矿床和岩浆热液型Au矿床5个类型,对应5种成矿系统：(1)造山型Mo矿床形成于250~227 Ma的同碰撞环境和227~194 Ma的后碰撞环境,为变质热液萃取壳源Mo成矿;(2)斑岩型Mo矿床形成于163~135 Ma的洋陆俯冲环境和135~116 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为岩浆热液携带幔源或壳源Mo成矿;(3)岩浆热液脉型Mo矿床形成于227~194 Ma的后碰撞环境,为岩浆热液携带幔源Mo成矿;(4)造山型Au矿床在三叠纪发生了预富集作用,主要形成于163~135 Ma的洋陆俯冲环境和135~103 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为变质热液萃取壳源Au成矿;(5)岩浆热液型Au矿床仅形成于135~103 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为岩浆热液携带壳源Au成矿。矿集区主要存在两种叠加成矿作用,即不同构造背景下多种成矿系统的叠加和同一构造背景下不同成矿系统的叠加。     

甘孜-理塘断裂带金矿成矿地质特征和控矿因素浅析

甘孜-理塘断裂带是重要的金铜多金属成矿带,沿断裂发育有晚三叠世曲嘎寺组中基性火山岩系及其有成因联系的铁质基性超基性浅成侵入体,构成典型的蛇绿岩建造,并为金的矿源层;金成矿主要在燕山-喜山期,与碰撞造山作用密切相关,形成了蛇绿岩(混杂岩)建造中的浅成低温热液型金矿;该带已发现嘎拉、错阿、生康、雄龙西、阿加隆洼等大中型金矿床,196处金异常,其中74个异常为Au,As,Sb,(Hg)组合异常,展现出巨大的资源潜力和找矿前景.     

The relation between Cu/Au ratio and formation depth of porphyry-style Cu–Au ± Mo deposits

Constraints on gold and copper ore grades in porphyry-style Cu–Au ± Mo deposits are re-examined, with particular emphasis on published fluid pressure and formation depth as indicated by fluid inclusion data and geological reconstruction. Defining an arbitrary subdivision at a molar Cu/Au ratio of 4.0 × 10⁴, copper–gold deposits have a shallower average depth of formation (2.1 km) compared with the average depth of copper–molybdenum deposits (3.7 km), based on assumed lithostatic fluid pressure from microthermometry. The correlation of Cu/Au ratio with depth is primarily influenced by the variations of total Au grade. Despite local mineralogical controls within some ore deposits, the overall Cu/Au ratio of the deposits does not show a significant correlation with the predominant type of Cu–Fe sulfide, i.e., chalcopyrite or bornite. Primary magma source probably contributes to metal endowment on the province scale and in some individual deposits, but does not explain the broad correlation of metal ratios with the pressure of ore formation. By comparison with published experimental and fluid analytical data, the observed correlation of the Cu/Au ratio with fluid pressure can be explained by dominant transport of Cu and Au in a buoyant S-rich vapor, coexisting with minor brine in two-phase magmatic hydrothermal systems. At relatively shallow depth (approximately <3 km), the solubility of both metals decreases rapidly with decreasing density of the ascending vapor plume, forcing both Cu and Au to be coprecipitated. In contrast, magmatic vapor cooling at deeper levels (approximately >3 km) and greater confining pressure is likely to precipitate copper ± molybdenum only, while sulfur-complexed gold remains dissolved in the relatively dense vapor. Upon cooling, this vapor may ultimately contract to a low-salinity epithermal liquid, which can contribute to the formation of epithermal gold deposits several kilometers above the Au-poor porphyry Cu–(Mo) deposit. These findings and interpretations imply that petrographic inspection of fluid inclusion density may be used as an exploration indicator. Low-pressure brine + vapor systems are favorable for coprecipitation of both metals, leading to Au-rich porphyry–copper–gold deposits. Epithermal gold deposits may be associated with such shallow systems, but are likely to derive their ore-forming components from a deeper source, which may include a deeply hidden porphyry–copper ± molybdenum deposit. Exposed high-pressure brine + vapor systems, or stockwork veins containing a single type of intermediate-density inclusions, are more likely to be prospective for porphyry–copper ± molybdenum deposits.     

内蒙古陶来托斑岩型钼矿综合找矿信息提取及找矿潜力

对内蒙古陶来托钼多金属勘查区进行地质、地球物理、地球化学综合找矿信息的提取来评价矿区找矿潜力。结果表明,陶来托钼多金属矿是一个以斑岩型钼矿为主的勘查区,发现了斑岩型钼矿床及多处热液脉型铅锌银矿(化)点。成矿岩体为早白垩世花岗斑岩,控矿构造为北东-北北东向断裂。斑岩型钼矿化区与环状激电异常和环状磁异常对应性较好,显示出中低视极化率异常为矿致异常的特征。1∶5万化探异常元素由钼矿化区至铅锌银矿化区表现出Mo、W—Ag、Pb、Zn的侧向分带特征。根据综合找矿信息提取及斑岩型矿床成矿系列建立,指出区内钼矿找矿潜力较大,并预测钼矿区北西侧为热液脉型铅锌银矿的成矿有利地段。     

Stream sediment geochemical exploration for gold in Central Eastern Desert,Egypt: Application of the concentration-number fractal model,factor analysis,and geochemical mineralization probability index

Geochemical exploration by stream sediment sampling using bulk leach extractable gold (BLEG) technique and applying concentration-number (C-N) fractal model, factor analysis (FA), and geochemical mineralization probability index (GMPI) resulted in the recognition of new Au occurrences around the Sukari gold mine in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt. The geochemical data of 128 stream sediment samples collected from the study area was used for delineating the geochemical anomalies and characterizing the dispersion trains of ore and associated elements (Au, Ag, As, Sb, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo). Statistical analysis of the geochemical data applying the C-N fractal modeling enabled us to identify significant anomaly and background populations of the investigated elements and to construct reliable geochemical anomaly maps. Factor analysis using centered log-ratios (CLR), to address the problem of closed compositional data, revealed significant element associations for mineralization (Au, As, Mo, Zn, Ba), country rock compositions (Rb, Li, Be, Sn, Bi for granite, and Co, Cr, Ni for mafic rocks), and element mobility (e.g. Sb, Zr, and Ag). Weak and moderate Au anomalies that cannot be detected by factor score maps can be delineated clearly by using the C-N fractal method and GMPI distribution map. Our study revealed that Ag, As, and Sb are the main pathfinder elements for gold mineralization in arid to semiarid regions exemplified by the Sukari gold district. Silver can be used as a “direct” pathfinder, whereas As and Sb are “indirect” pathfinders for Au in such regions. The spatial distribution of Au and Ag anomalies indicate that gold mineralization in the Sukari district is structurally controlled. However, the spatial distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Mo is controlled by mineralogical and lithological factors and is not related to any significant base metal deposits.     

福建省南靖县南坑钼矿床地质特征及找矿标志

通过总结福建省南靖县南坑钼矿床的地质特征,认为该钼矿床为斑岩型钼矿床,钼矿体主要赋存于燕山早期花岗岩与文宾山组接触带,主要产在燕山早期花岗岩体内,受缓倾斜的石英脉和网脉状石英细脉控制,矿石类型为石英粗脉型和石英细脉型。该钼矿床具有弱磁异常,原生晕、次生晕异常发育,钼次生晕异常在深部见矿效果较好;与钼矿体关系密切的蚀变主要有云英岩化和硅化,找矿标志主要为燕山早期花岗岩、白楼—下楼断裂带、晚三叠世文宾山组、云英岩化、硅化及物化探异常,以上认识对区域寻找类似钼矿床具有参考价值。     

金的地球化学异常与金矿床规模之间关系的统计学特征——以河北省为例

以水系沉积物地球化学调查成果为基础,从统计学角度探讨了河北省金地球化学异常与金矿规模的对应关系。以2.6 ng/g为异常下限,在全省范围内圈定金区域异常28处,局部异常35处。研究发现区域异常与金矿的关系非常密切,100%的大型金矿、81.8%的中型金矿及70.9%的小型金矿都位于区域异常内。局部异常仅与小型金矿的关系密切,小型金矿在局部异常中的产出概率是20%。通过23个金异常面积与金矿储量的相关分析表明,二者相关性非常好,相关系数达0.919,金异常面金属量与金矿储量的相关性也很显著,相关系数达0.924。回归分析表明,金异常面积及异常面金属量与金矿床储量之间符合一元线性相关特征,并分别建立了回归方程。该成果对矿产预测及资源潜力评价具有一定的指导意义。     

奇异性理论在个旧锡铜矿产资源预测中的应用: 成矿弱信息提取和复合信息分解

本研究的目的是应用非线性理论和高新信息处理技术获取矿产资源预测综合信息, 开展以有色金属和贵金属矿产资源潜力评价和预测靶区圈定, 提交个旧及周边地区矿产资源潜力分布图.围绕该研究任务, 重点开展了如何应用奇异性理论和方法, 对比个旧东西矿区的异同.由于区域构造和岩体分布等空间变化性, 导致东西区成矿背景存在较大差异, 受出露地表或近地表矿体分布和矿山开采的影响, 东西区的成矿异常强度和大小都存在较大差异, 东区总体呈高背景而西区为低背景, 因而, 对东西区的成矿信息对比研究和异常圈定相对困难.采用局部奇异性分析方法从地球化学分形密度的角度圈定了局部异常, 在东西区均较好地反映了致矿地球化学异常的分布, 同时采用广义自相似分析方法分解了综合地球化学异常和背景.结果表明, 东西区地球化学背景差异悬殊, 而局部异常具有显著的自相似性.据此在东西区同时圈定的局部异常具有内在的相似性和表现形式上的多样性, 以此为依据所圈定的靶区均具有找矿意义.      

东秦岭钼矿带内碳酸岩脉型钼（铅）矿床地质 地球化学特征、成矿机制及成矿构造背景

东秦岭钼矿带位于华北板块南缘,NW-NWW向的固始―栾川深断裂带控制着钼矿床的空间分布.黄水庵碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床的确定,为本矿带内已有碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床(黄龙铺地区的大石沟、石家湾和桃园等)增添了又一新成员.本矿带不仅钼金属储量居世界已知单个钼矿带之首,而且碳酸岩脉和花岗斑岩两个成矿体系并存,亦是本区钼矿带的一大特色.业已查明,黄水庵和黄龙铺(大石沟)等碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床的δ~(13)C=-5.3‰～-7.0‰,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr=0.7049～0.7065.同时,方解石富含轻稀土(LREE/HREE=1.8～2.9).辉钼矿以富含Re(平均为110×10~(-6)～244×10~(-6))为特征.基于含矿碳酸岩脉方解石的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素比值(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr对~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb对~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd对~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)的关系图,我们初步判断本矿带区域陆壳之下可能存在有EMI(富集地幔Ⅰ),这些含矿碳酸岩脉是源于EMI的碱性硅酸盐-碳酸盐熔体-溶液结晶分异的产物,成矿金属Mo、Pb主要来自EMI.根据黄水庵和黄龙铺(大石沟)钼(铅)矿床的成矿年龄(Re-Os年龄分别为209.5 Ma和221 Ma),我们推断,碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床形成于华北和扬子两大板块三叠纪碰撞造山后伸展阶段的晚三叠世时期,而在侏罗纪陆内造山晚期的伸展阶段,形成了晚侏罗-早白垩世的斑岩型和斑岩-矽卡岩型钼矿床(Re-Os年龄介于147～116 Ma).     

豫西熊耳山矿集区栾灵金矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

豫西栾灵金矿床地处熊耳山金多金属矿集区南部马超营断裂带北侧,金矿体产于构造破碎带中,呈钾长石石英脉体和蚀变岩产出,为本区一种新的金矿化类型。文章为厘定栾灵金矿床的成矿时代,采用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年方法,测得栾灵金矿6件辉钼矿样品的Re-Os同位素模式年龄为(161±3)Ma~(164±2)Ma,加权平均年龄(163±1)Ma(MSWD=0.68),等时线年龄(163±2)Ma(MSWD=1.5),表明栾灵金矿床形成于晚侏罗世早期。与祁雨沟、前河金矿等早白垩世(125 Ma)金矿相比,栾灵金矿的成矿作用早约38 Ma。这些年龄数据表明,该矿床在区域上可能与南泥湖-三道庄、上房沟钼矿等形成于同一成矿系统,它的发现为在熊耳山地区寻找相似成矿地质条件的金、钼矿床提供了依据。     

陕西石泉-旬阳金矿带整装勘查区饶峰幅等7个图幅区1:50 000水系沉积物测量原始数据集

首次汇集了陕西石泉-旬阳金矿带整装勘查区内7个图幅1：50 000水系沉积物测量18种元素（Au、Cu、Zn、As、Sb、Hg、Bi、Ti、V、Ag、Sn、Pb、W、Mo、Ni、Co、Cr、Cd）的测试数据,共包含数据点13 169个,数据180 944个,第一次建立了该勘查区的地球化学数据库。在此基础上,编制了233张各类地球化学系列图件,并建立了空间数据库。通过本数据集在区内共圈定各类单元素异常2 083处,其中金元素异常304处;圈定金找矿靶区10处,金成矿远景区12处;经过后期矿产综合检查,整装勘查区内共发现金矿产（点）53处,其中,中型规模金矿床8处,小型规模金矿床18处,金元素异常与金矿床（点）对应程度较好,矿致异常达189处,显示1：50 000水系沉积物测量是勘查区内较好的找矿手段之一。