遥感大数据时代与智能信息提取

近年来,天地一体化对地观测系统与智能计算技术的快速发展为遥感科技进步甚至变革提供了难得的机遇。遥感信息技术在历经20世纪60~80年代以统计数学模型为核心的数字信号处理时代、从90年代至今以遥感信息物理量化为标志的定量遥感时代之后,现在正逐渐进入一个以数据模型驱动、大数据智能分析为特征的遥感大数据时代。在总结遥感信息技术历史发展脉络的基础上,阐述了遥感大数据的内涵和智能信息提取的时代特点,并从遥感大数据的理念出发,论述了面向对象的遥感知识库构建,分析了融合遥感知识和深度学习算法的大数据智能信息提取策略。通过典型实例,介绍了以深度学习为代表的智能算法在遥感大数据目标检测、精细分类、参数反演等方面的发展现状与趋势,并讨论了深度学习在遥感大数据时代的智能信息提取方面的应用潜力。     

环境遥感的未来十年——祝贺中国地理学会环境遥感分会成立10周年

过去十年,随着卫星航空信息日渐丰富,作为国家重点攻关项目的遥感技术不断开拓了应用的新领域,初步形成了一个新的高科技信息服务行业。“八五”期间,遥感又列为重点项目,预期气象卫星信息的开发与应用,将会再次出现高潮。在资源卫星群星灿烂,航空遥感持续发展的形势下,需要充分利用现有设备潜力和所取得的技术进步,集中力量,研制大容量存储,实时传输和快速处理功能的智能化技术系统。这样才能适应防灾,估产为主要目标,并兼顾开放城市及全球研究的需求。     

Catalogs of space shuttle earth observations photography

Design and development of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, IRS‐1A and the successful operation of the space and ground segments of IRS‐1A over the past three years form a major milestone in the Indian Remote Sensing Programme. Significant growth in Remote Sensing application/activities in almost all the sectors of natural resources survey and management, supply of various remote sensing data products to Indian users in turn around time of 8–10 days, development of remote sensing infrastructure at central/state user organisations for utilisation of remote sensing, indigenous development of various remote sensing interpretation equipments/ Image Processing Systems /Software, and continued user interaction and information dissemination are some of the major highlights of the Indian Remote Sensing Programme.     

An overview of current remote sensing activities in Australia

Remote Sensing plays a key role in the mapping and management of the Australian continent. An account is given of the present state of remote sensing in Australia covering facilities and equipment, education and training, software and hardware developments, and the current activities of the various government organisations involved in remote sensing.     

数字挖掘方法在遥感分类中的应用研究

随着空间信息领域技术的提高,利用卫星遥感数据获取地表信息的数据量也飞速的增长,快速有效地在海量遥感数据源中获取感兴趣的地表信息成为一项重要的研究方向。数据挖掘方法具有从海量数据集中提取隐含其中信息的功能,使得数据挖掘方法在遥感图像分类和专题信息提取中具有较好的应用,但不同的数据挖掘算法具有各自的独特性,使得在遥感分类中使用数据挖掘方法并不容易,本文通过介绍几种常用的数据挖掘算法,分析和探讨了这些方法在遥感分类应用中的优势和局限性,为在遥感分类中更好的、有针对性的选择数据挖掘算法提供借鉴。     

遥感科学与技术专业本科创新人才培养能力评价体系

通过调查走访,设计、分发、回收纸质、电子问卷,查阅期刊等调查方式收集与遥感科学与技术专业本科创新人才培养能力相关的评价项,将出现次数大于总次数10%的评价项作为最终的专业创新人才培养能力评价指标;根据评价指标含义确定各二级指标对应的评价依据,构建了新时期遥感科学与技术专业本科创新人才培养能力评价体系。该体系可用于遥感科学与技术专业本科创新人才培养能力现状的评价,为后期高校从多方面提高创新人才培养能力提供基础。     

《激光遥感》课程设计与思考

《激光遥感》课程是武汉大学遥感信息工程学院2010年本科生培养方案中设置的一门专业必修课,它面向本科学生提供LiDAR技术的学习和实践。针对教学大纲和LiDAR技术特点,分析了该课程的培养目标和重点,提出了课程建设方案。     

国土资源遥感技术进展与展望

本文简要回顾了中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心的遥感技术发展历程，着重介绍新一轮国土资源大调查实施以来的主要技术进展与应用成果，并对今后我国国土资源遥感技术的发展方向进行分析。     

Internet teaching foundation for the Remote Sensing Core Curriculum program

The Remote Sensing Core Curriculum (RSCC) was initiated in 1993 to meet the demands for a college-level set of resources to enhance the quality of education across national and international campuses. The American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing adopted the RSCC in 1996 to sustain support of this educational initiative for its membership and collegiate community. A series of volumes, containing lectures, exercises, and data, is being created by expert contributors to address the different technical fields of remote sensing. The RSCC program is designed to operate on the Internet taking full advantage of the World Wide Web (WWW) technology for distance learning. The issues of curriculum development related to the educational setting, with demands on faculty, students, and facilities, is considered to understand the new paradigms for WW-influenced computer-aided learning. The WWW is shown to be especially appropriate for facilitating remote sensing education with requirements for addressing image data sets and multimedia learning tools. The RSCC is located at http://www.umbc.edu/rscc     

WinASEAN for remote sensing data analysis

The image analysis system ASEAN (Advanced System for Environmental ANalysis with Remote Sensing Data) was designed and programmed by a software development group, ImaSOFr, Department of Remote Sensing Technology and GIS, Institute for Geography, National Centre for Natural Science and Technology of Vietnam under technical cooperation with the Remote Sensing Technology Centre of Japan and financial support from the National Space Development Agency of Japan. ASEAN has been in continuous development since 1989, with different versions ranging from the simplest one for MS-DOS with standard VGA 320×200×256 colours, through versions supporting SpeedStar 1.0 and SpeedStar PRO 2.0 true colour graphics cards, up to the latest version named WinASEAN, which is designed for the Windows 3.1 operating system. The most remarkable feature of WinASEAN is the use of algorithms that speed up the image analysis process, even on PC platforms. Today WinASEAN is continuously improved in cooperation with NASDA (National Space Development Agency of Japan), RESTEC (Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan) and released as public domain software for training, research and education through the Regional Remote Sensing Seminar on Tropical Eco-system Management which is organised by NASDA and ESCAR In this paper, the authors describe the functionality of WinASEAN, some of the relevant analysis algorithms, and discuss its possibilities of computer-assisted teaching and training of remote sensing.     

城市遥感与城市信息系统

2 0世纪 ,航空摄影测量与航空遥感在我国城市化进程与城市规划、管理中作出了重要的贡献。 2 1世纪卫星遥感可能越来越发挥广泛的作用。本文回顾了近 2 0年来 ,我国开拓城市遥感与城市地理信息系统的新进展 ,指出高分辩率卫星图像数据与三维航空遥感越来越接近城市快速发展的要求 ,为城市信息系统的建设与更新 ,提供了空前有利的条件。     

遥感图像中特定目标检测的方法

随着遥感技术的发展,通过遥感手段获得的数据量越来越大,在海量的遥感数据中,如何能够快速找出有用的信息,是遥感应用重要的研究课题之一。然而,现有设备的有限处理能力和传统的图像处理方法一直是海量遥感图像数据中信息提取和分析的主要瓶颈,严重制约着数据的实际应用效率。根据人类视觉特性,提出了对于特定的遥感目标快速检测的方法,从而为目标的增强以及分类奠定了基础。     

Toward the optimization of PC-based training

Since 1992, the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) and the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) have been co-organising the Regional Remote Sensing Seminar on Tropical Ecosystem Management (Program Chairman: Prof. Shunji Murai) every year in some country in Asia. In these seminars, the members of the ISPRS Working Group VI/2 ‘Computer Assisted Teaching’ have been performing a PC-based hands-on-training on remote sensing and GIS for beginners. The main objective of the training was to transfer not only knowledge but also the technology of remote sensing and GIS to the beginners. The software and CD-ROM data set provided at the training were well designed not only for training but also for practical data analysis. This paper presents an outline of the training and discusses the optimisation of PC-based training for remote sensing and GIS.     

英国遥感一览

本文介绍作者在英国参观学习期间所了解到的英国遥感组织的概况和包括数据获取、资料存 档、数据分析和遥感应用在内的英国遥感技术发展状况。     

水体的遥感信息自动提取方法

本文在对各种遥感信息提取方法进行深入分析的基础上,提出了一种水体的遥感信息自动提取方法。该方法从遥感信息机理的角度出发,构造地物信息提取模型,并利用面向对象的设计方法建立了该模型,从而实现广义上的基于知识的专题信息提取。以ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ图像为例进行水体的自动提取,通过对自然水体和新积水区的应用研究,取得了较好的效果。可进一步应用于洪水灾害的监测。     

中国高光谱遥感的前沿进展

高光谱成像技术具有光谱分辨率高、图谱合一的独特优势,是遥感技术发展以来最重大的科技突破之一。中国的高光谱遥感发展与国际基本同步,在国家和省部级科研项目的支持下,解决了高光谱遥感信息机理、图像处理和多学科应用等方面多项世界性难题,有效解决了高光谱遥感理论研究与多领域应用中的关键技术瓶颈,实现了在农业、地矿、环境、文物保护等多领域的成功应用,产生了显著的社会经济效益。本文回顾了中国高光谱遥感技术的前沿研究进展,总结分析了取得的主要创新性成果。     

遥感技术在地质灾害调查、监测和防治中的应用

遥感在地质灾害(滑坡、泥石流)识别方面,较常规方法有明显的优势,并能快速提供大面积地区的位置、分布、范围、规模、类型、发育环境等数据和图件。本文通过多时相、多平台遥感图像解译,了解它们的动态变化及发展趋势,这些信息为工程灾害评价及滑坡、泥石流防治工作提供了全面可靠的依据。 遥感技术在滑坡、泥石流灾害领域中的应用除遥感技术水平外还依赖于滑坡、泥石流信息机制、应用模型的研究及信息系统的支持。     

遥感和GIS在冰湖溃决洪水中的应用研究

近年来随着全球气候变暖和冰川退缩,以及人类在高海拔地区活动的增多,冰湖溃决洪水灾害呈增加趋势。由于遥感和GIS技术的众多优势,使其在冰湖溃决洪水研究方面得到广泛应用。首先对冰湖溃决洪水及其研究做简单介绍,然后从冰川、冰湖空间数据获取,冰湖溃决评价指标获取,冰湖溃决洪水模拟和DEM的建立及应用4个方面对遥感和GIS在冰湖溃决洪水研究中的应用进行综述,最后指出,目前遥感和GIS在冰湖溃决洪水应用中的不足,为进一步研究和应用指明了方向。     

GPS在遥感信息对地定位应用中的试验研究

1990年7—11月由中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京航空航天大学,清华大学,航空航天部三院,北京工业大学组成的GPS联合试验组在北京地区进行了机载GPS定位试验,取得了满意的结果。 本文从分析遥感信息对地定位的现状和存在问题入手,确定本试验研究的目标,介绍三次机载GPS飞行试验情况和取得的结果,最后展望了GPS技术在遥感中应用的前景。     

Geological applications of remote sensing and Future Prospects

The paper describes the different aspects of Remote Sensing technology, its operational level and application to geosciences. An idea about the remote sensing geological applications for the Eighties is also given. Though remote sensing plays a significant role in national development and resources management, yet it can not eliminate the need for in situ sampling in the exploration methodology. Of course, it supplements the conventional techniques by enlarging the limits of extrapolation at acceptable confidence levels. Several case examples are cited in the paper where remote sensing methods are successfully utilised for geological applications, e.g. mineral exploration, mapping, structural analysis, environmental appreciation etc.