北部湾二长棘鲷生长、死亡及其群体组成

利用2006年7月至2008年3月北部湾渔业商业捕捞底拖网和刺网渔获物中采集的样本,对北部湾二长棘鲷的生长、死亡及其群体组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,北部湾二长棘鲷优势体长70～140 mm,占82.2%;优势体重为20～60 g,占54.29%;ARSS分析表明雌雄生长不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),繁殖期性比为1.21∶1;von Bertalanffy生长方程的主要参数分别为:L∞=292.8 mm,K=0.167,t0=-1.116;体重的生长拐点为5.463龄;总死亡系数、自然死亡系数和捕捞死亡系数分别为1.041 4、0.282 8和0.752 6,当前开发率为0.728。     

渔业管理策略评价及应用研究进展

管理策略评价(MSE)是近年来国际上渔业资源评估与管理学科发展的新趋势。MSE是通过对管理目标渔业系统的模拟,来测试和评价不同的渔业管理策略达到预期管理目标一种方法。MSE一般包含操作模型、采样模型、资源评估模型和执行模型,其中操作模型是核心。在操作模型中,通过模拟测试的方法来评估不同管理策略达到预期管理目标的程度,并充分考虑到渔业管理中的不确定性,因此渔业管理策略评价能够获得在渔业资源变动和不确定性影响下仍有较好表现的管理措施。管理策略评价一般与生物参考点、捕捞控制规则、管理规定和绩效评估有关。此外,随时间的变化的补充量、自然死亡系数和生长率,以及渔具和作业方式的选择性等,都会对MSE产生影响。由于可提高渔业管理的成功率,MSE已在渔业资源评估与管理中越来越广泛应用。通过对MSE的理论、方法和存在的问题进行总结与分析,并以实例阐述其在金枪鱼渔业管理中的发展和应用,为该领域的进一步研究提供参考和依据。     

北部湾二长棘犁齿鲷时空分布及其与环境因子的关系

【目的】研究北部湾二长棘犁齿鲷资源密度时空分布与海洋环境因子的关系,为二长棘犁齿鲷资源利用和保护提供理论基础。【方法】基于2013年11月至2014年8月4个航次的北部湾渔业资源调查航次数据,利用广义可加模型(GeneralizedAdditiveModel,GAM)研究二长棘犁齿鲷与遥感海表水温(SST)、叶绿素a浓度(Chl-a)、海表面异常(SLA)和水深等海洋环境因子,以及经纬度等空间因子的关系,利用渔场重心分析资源分布及迁移特征。【结果与结论】北部湾二长棘犁齿鲷资源密度春夏季高于秋冬季,以春季最高。GAM模型对资源密度偏差的总解释率为51.6%,影响资源密度最重要的因子为SST,贡献率为25.9%,其次为纬度、SLA和Chl-a,贡献率分别为11.3%、9.4%和5.0%。二长棘犁齿鲷资源密度分布重心为季节性移动,秋季到冬春季从北部湾西南海域向北部湾东北部海域迁移,夏季向西南方向折返。     

二长棘鲷和黄鳍鲷骨骼系统的比较

对二长棘鲷和黄鳍鲷的骨骼系统进行了比较研究。结果表明,二长棘鲷脑颅中的上筛骨、侧筛骨、额骨、眶下骨、蝶耳骨、上枕骨,咽颅中的前上额骨、腭骨、舌额骨、齿骨、鳃盖骨、尾舌骨、咽鳃骨等与黄鳍鲷相应部分的骨骼有明显差异,某些特征可作属间或种间的鉴别依据。     

南海北部竹筴鱼的生长、死亡及合理利用

根据1997年12月至1999年6月在南海北部进行的大规模底拖网渔业资源调查中8个航次4个季节的竹筴鱼(Trachurus japonicus)生物学测定资料,运用FAO开发的最新体长频率数据分析软件FiSATⅡ对竹筴鱼的生长、死亡参数进行估算,并进一步应用Beverton-Holt模式对南海北部竹筴鱼的最新资源状况进行研究.结果表明:(1) 竹筴鱼的叉长和体重的关系式为:W=2.282 8×10-5L2.915 4.(2) 其von Bertalanffy生长方程的各参数为:渐近叉长L∞=31.2 (cm),渐近体重W∞=426.5 (g),生长系数K=0.42,t0=-0.376.(3) 总死亡系数Z=2.15,自然死亡系数M=0.91,捕捞死亡系数F=1.24,开发率E=0.58.在估算结果的基础上,进一步提出南海北部竹筴鱼的最佳可捕规格为叉长14.8 cm.     

东海区鲳鱼资源利用现状分析

通过对东海区鲳鱼近年群体组成变化及银鲳生物学特性变化来分析目前鲳鱼资源利用状况,结果表明：一方面,虽然近年鲳鱼产量大幅增加,但其平均体重、优势叉长组成及年龄组成均出现明显下降,资源状况日益恶化;另一方面,1龄鱼已占渔获的93．68％,目前捕捞现行点开捕年龄tc=1和捕捞死亡系数F＝2．51,单位补充量繁殖力相对百分比P＜1．9％,单位补充量渔获量(Yw／R)为70g／尾,均显示已处于严重的生物学型捕捞过度．建议渔业管理部门大力削减作业渔船约50％,严格控制捕捞强度,逐步推迟开捕年龄至3龄以上,使鲳鱼资源真正能够永续利用。     

浅谈南海渔业管理对策

南海渔业资源衰退的主要原因是捕捞过度和海洋生态环境破坏。由于海洋生态过程是动力学过程,很多生态因素的变化会相应引起生态过程的变化,同时生态动力学过程的因素又是多方面的,因此南海渔业资源的管理和生产方式应该从过去的开发型管理向着管理型管理方向转变。这种管理方式涉及面较广,必须实施从渔业资源管理、渔业水域管理、渔业水域周围环境管理到加强对渔船与船员管理、捕养并重、健全法制、强化治政队伍与执法力量配置以及开展国际渔业合作等管理措施。     

浅谈南海渔业管理对策

南海渔业资源衰退的主要原因是捕捞过度和海洋生态环境破坏。由于海洋生态过程是动力学过程，很多生态因素的变化会相应引起生态过程的变化，同时生态动力学过程的因素又是多方面的，因此南海渔业资源的管理和生产方式应该从过去的开发型管理向着管理型管理方向转变。这种管理方式涉及面较广，必须实施从渔业资源管理、渔业水域管理、渔业水域周围环境管理到加强对渔船与船员管理、捕养并重、健全法制、强化治政队伍与执法力量配置以及开展国际渔业合作等管理措施。     

3种鲟科鱼类生活史类型的研究

根据ｒ－选择和ｋ－选择的典型特征以及通过渐近体长（Ｌ∞）、渐近体重（Ｗ∞）、生长系数（Ｋ）、初次性成熟年龄（Ｔｍ）、最大年龄（Ｔｍａｘ）、瞬时死亡率（Ｍ）和种群繁殖力（ＰＦ）等七个生态学参数值分析，可以判断３种鲟鱼类种群为典型ｋ－选择。应用平衡产量模式计算改变瞬时捕捞死亡率（Ｆ）和渔业补充年龄（Ｔｃ）时的产量变化，同样证实３种鲟科鱼类为典型的Ｋ型种群。作为渔业管理对策是严格控制捕捞强度，以保护渔业资源。     

南海北部大陆架短尾大眼鲷生长和死亡参数估计

根据20世纪90年代及60年代的生物学资料,运用体长频率分析法估算短尾大眼鲷的生长和死亡参数.von Bertalanffy生长方程的主要参数L∞=31.5 cm,K=0.60,t0= -0.44 ;体重的生长拐点为1.39龄;瞬时总死亡率(Z)、瞬时自然死亡率(M)和瞬时捕捞死亡率(F)分别为2.94,1.07和1.87.当前开发率为0.64,处于资源过度利用状态.     

Effect of n-3 HUFA levels in rotifers and Artemia on growth and survival of larval black sea bream （Sparus macrocephalus）

Requirement for dietary n-3 HUFA (n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid) for growth and survival of black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was studied using rotifers and Artemia at various levels of n-3 HUFA. Five treatments with rotifers and Artemia differing in n-3 HUFA were prepared by enriching them with various oil emulsions. Results indicated that dietary n-3 HUFA significantly influence fish n-3 HUFA levels and are essential for growth and survival of black sea bream larvae. The results also indicated that the incorporation of n-3HUFA TG (triacylglycerols) into tissues of larval black sea bream was more effective from natural fish oil in comparison with n-3 HUFA fatty acid ethyl esters from ethyl-esterified oil.     

Age and Growth Characteristics of Crimson Sea Bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf

Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bot-tom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007.A total number of 1155 individuals,ranging from 49 to 249mmin standard length was examined.The age of the fish was determined from sagittal otoliths.One year growth was made up of onetranslucent and one opaque zone.A maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to fit the Von Bertalanffy,Logistic andGompertz growth functions to the length-at-age data.ARSS indicated that there were no significant differences in growth betweensexes in the three growth models (P>0.05),and the Von Bertalanffy growth function L<,t>=292.8{1-exp[-0.167(t 1.116)]} was se-lected as the most appropriate growth model according to Akaike's information criterion (AIC).     

Effect of n?3 HUFA levels in rotifers and Artemia on growth and survival of larval black sea bream ( Sparus macrocephalus )

Requirement for dietary n−3 HUFA (n−3 highly unsaturated fatty acid) for growth and survival of black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was studied using rotifers andArtemia at various levels of n−3 HUFA. Five treatments with rotifers andArtemia differing in n−3 HUFA were prepared by enriching them with various oil emulsions. Results indicated that dietary n−3 HUFA significantly influence fish n−3 HUFA levels and are essential for growth and survival of black sea bream larvae. The results also indicated that the incorporation of n−3HUFA TG (triacylglycerols) into tissues of larval black sea bream was more effective from natural fish oil in comparison with n−3 HUFA fatty acid ethyl esters from ethyl-esterified oil. Project No. 39770588 supported by the NSFC.     

Studies on the phosphorus requirement and proper calcium/phosphorus ratio in the diet of the black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus)

An expriment on the phosphorus requirement and the proper Ca/P ratio in the diet of the black sea bream using the phosphorus gradient method (with casein as basic diet, sodium dihydrogen phosphate as source of phosphorus, and calcium lactate as source of calcium) showed that growth was greatly affected by the diet's phosphorus content and Ca/P ratio. Inadequate phosphorus in the diet resulted in slow growth and poor food conversion ratio (FCR). Analyses of the fish body showed it contained a high level of lipid but a low level of moisture, ash, calcium and phosphorus. The optimal values of phosphorus and Ca/P ratio in the black sea bream diet are 0.68% and 1∶2 respectively. Phosphorus in excess of this optimum value resulted in slow growth or even death. The results of this experiment clearly indicated that phosphorus is the principal mineral additive affecting black sea bream growth. Contribution No. 1972 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paragyrops edita</Emphasis> Tanaka in Beibu Gulf

Abstact  Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bottom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007. A total number of 1155 individuals, ranging from 49 to 249 mm in standard length was examined. The age of the fish was determined from sagittal otoliths. One year growth was made up of one translucent and one opaque zone. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to fit the Von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz growth functions to the length-at-age data. ARSS indicated that there were no significant differences in growth between sexes in the three growth models (P>0.05), and the Von Bertalanffy growth function L _t =292.8{1−exp [−0.167(t+1.116)]} was selected as the most appropriate growth model according to Akaike’s information criterion (AIC).     

南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔场预报模型研究

长鳍金枪鱼资源是南太平洋金枪鱼渔业的重要目标种类,也是我国金枪鱼延绳钓的主要捕捞对象之一。根据2008-2009年我国海洋渔业公司在南太平洋海域的生产数据,结合表层、105 m和205 m水层温度,以及海面高度、叶绿素a浓度等海洋环境数据,运用一元非线性回归方法,按季度建立基于各环境因子的长鳍金枪鱼栖息地适应性指数,采用算术平均法获得基于多环境因子的栖息地指数综合模型,并用于中心渔场的预报。通过与实际作业渔场的比较与验证,结果表明:模型预报准确性达到70%以上,具较高渔情预报准确度。     

The effects of recombinant eel growth hormone,methyltestosterone and L-thyroxine on the growth of red sea bream,Pagrosomus major

the effects of recombinant eel growth hormone (reGH), methyltestosterone (MT) and L-thyroxine (T4) on the growth of red sea bream,Pagrosomus major, were investigated. Administration of reGH to fry by immersion at 2 mg/1 for 2 h every 5 days resulted in significant increase in both weight and length, but the condition factor (CF) diminished relative to that of similarly treated controls over the 37 day treatment period. Immersion in 0.1 mg/l T4 also resulted in significant increase in both weight and length and higher survival rate of test fry compared to the controls. Immersion in MT had less effect on growth and high-dose resulted in high mortality. In the second study, injection of 2 μg reGH/(g·wk) caused a significant increase in the specific growth rate (SGR) of test red sea bream fingerlings relative to that of the controls during the 4—week treatment period and maintained the increasing trend over the post-treatment period (weeks 4–6). Injection of MT at a dosage of 1μg/(g·wk) resulted in a significant increase in SGR during the 4—week treatment period. Intramuscular injection of 0.1 μg T4/(g·wk) also resulted in a significant increase in weight. Injection of high-doses of MT and T4 inhibited growth and resulted in darkening skin, bulging eyes and thinning body. In muscle chemical composition, the treated groups had no significant differences compared to the controls, but the high-dose MT and T4 groups showed significant increases in lipid content. Potential practical methods for hormone application in fish culture are discussed.     

基于GIS的东黄海渔场影响因子分析

利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术、结合近年对东黄海海洋渔业资源与环境的调查资料,对东黄海渔场的渔业资源变化的主要影响因子进行空间分析与叠加,得到该渔场的资源分布与水温、初级生产力、饵料、底质等因子的时空分布专题图,经过相关分析,即可掌握当前该渔场资源的概况。     

STUDIES ON THE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT AND PROPER CALCIUM/PHOSPHORUS RATIO IN THE DIET OF THE BLACK SEA BREAM(SPARUS MACROCEPHALUS)

An experiment on the phosphorus requirement and the proper Ca/P ratio in the diet of the black sea bream using the phosphorus gradient method (with casein as basic diet, sodium dihydrogen phosphate as source of phosphorus, and calcium lactate as source of calcium) showed that growth was greatly affected by the diet's phosphorus content and Ca/P ratio. Inadequate phosphorus in the diet resulted in slow growth and poor food conversion ratio (FCR). Analyses of the fish body showed it contained a high level of lipid but a low level of moisture, ash, calcium and phosphorus. The optimal values of phosphorus and Ca/P ratio in the black sea bream diet are 0.68% and 1:2 respectively. Phosphorus in excess of this optimum value resulted in slow growth or even death. The results of this experiment clearly indicated that phosphorus is the principal mineral additive affecting black sea bream growth.