基于CORS数据反演江苏上空电离层电子密度

本文利用IRI2007模型和江苏CORS网数据,结合附加约束的同时迭代重构算法,反演了地磁平静日江苏上空电子密度的结构分布。结果表明,整个研究区域电子密度在不同纬度和不同高度上存在明显的日变特征,电子密度最大值出现在北京时13～15时,随着时间推移,峰值幅度衰减;白天出现明显的E层,夜晚消失;反演结果说明了电离层三维层析技术为监测电离层时空结构提供了一种强有力的实验支持。     

2003～2006年磁暴期间欧洲区域电离层三维层析及演变分析

基于IGS跟踪站的GNSS观测资料,利用电离层三维层析技术,对2003~2006年间3次不同类型强磁暴期间欧洲区域上空电离层电子密度的三维时空分布进行了反演,反演结果精细地反映了电离层电子密度的三维结构。通过对电离层扰动演变过程的分析,表明电离层扰动情况与磁暴发展过程一致,同时发现磁暴引起的电离层扰动具有显著的纬度效应。另外,随着磁暴的发展,电子密度极大值所在高度也会发生变化。研究分析表明,电离层电子密度三维重构图像可以直观清晰地反映各经度面、纬度面和高度面上电子密度的分布和演变情况,能有效地辅助分析电离层在磁暴发生期间的扰动情况。     

2003～2006年磁暴期间欧洲区域电离层三维层析及演变分析

基于IGS跟踪站的GNSS观测资料,利用电离层三维层析技术,对2003~2006年间3次不同类型强磁暴期间欧洲区域上空电离层电子密度的三维时空分布进行了反演,反演结果精细地反映了电离层电子密度的三维结构。通过对电离层扰动演变过程的分析,表明电离层扰动情况与磁暴发展过程一致,同时发现磁暴引起的电离层扰动具有显著的纬度效应。另外,随着磁暴的发展,电子密度极大值所在高度也会发生变化。研究分析表明,电离层电子密度三维重构图像可以直观清晰地反映各经度面、纬度面和高度面上电子密度的分布和演变情况,能有效地辅助分析电离层在磁暴发生期间的扰动情况。     

日本九州岛地震震前电离层TEC异常

采用IGS发布的GIM数据,提出了一种结合滑动时窗法和临近格网点电离层TEC相关性分析法的联合分析方法,研究了震前电离层异常变化与地震的关系。通过分析震区附近5个格网点TEC的异常变化情况,发现震前电离层TEC发生明显异常变化,且格网点之间的TEC序列相关性受地震显著影响;通过分析二维电离层图的TEC异常空间分布,发现震前三天震中附近分别出现6h、12h和6h的异常。最后利用电离层层析的方法,对电离层异常时刻进行了电子密度的反演,进一步分析了电子密度在电离层异常时刻的分布情况。     

基于混合罚函数法的多尺度电离层层析确权方法

在利用GNSS进行像素基电离层层析时,多尺度层析方法利用权重因子将反演区域不同像素层析模型结合在一起,最终得到电离层电子密度反演结果,可以有效地解决电离层层析过程中不适应问题和最终的电离层电子密度失真现象。在多尺度电离层层析中,不同像素尺度层析模型之间权重是影响最终的电离层电子密度精度的重要因素。为了获得高精度电离层层析模型,考虑到权重因子存在着等式和不等式限制条件,采用解决最优化问题的罚函数法确定不同像素尺度电离层层析模型之间的权重。通过采用实测GNSS观测数据进行电离层多尺度电离层层析,对比了多尺度层析模型的各个子模型建模精度并进行分析,同时将罚函数法获得的模型精度与其他确权方法进行了对比,该方法可以有效地应用于多尺电离层度层析,且最终的层析模型精度优于其他确权方法,更优于单尺度电离层层析模型精度。     

层析反演与神经网络方法在电离层建模及预报中的应用

将香港地区某天由电离层层析反演得到的电子密度值分成6组,利用神经网络方法对该6组数据分别进行了拟合建模及预报。实验结果表明,采用电离层层析技术并经神经网络模型预报得出的电子密度值精度明显高于由IRI2007模型提供的电子密度值,其预报的30min及60min的电子密度值精度可分别达到0.45TECU和1.34TECU。     

利用单站地基GPS数据反演电离层电子密度

利用单站GPS观测数据对GPS硬件系统延迟作出修正,得到较精确的电离层总电子含量。根据Chapman电离层理论,建立电离层模型,利用遗传算法优化选择电离层关键参量,反演得到接收机上空电子密度剖面,结果表明：该方法用于太阳活动高年白天电子密度剖面反演效果优于国际参考电离层。     

一种融合测高仪与地面GPS数据的单站电离层反演方法

电离层层析成像技术非常适用于检测电离层电子密度的大尺度空间分布及其扰动。利用地面单站的GPSTEC值和另一站的数字测高仪观测数据,结合国际参考电离层（IRI）,利用MART算法反演得到测站上空电子密度的垂直分布。利用白天和夜间的实测数据进行了CIT反演,结果表明了该方法的可靠性。     

基于COSMIC技术的震前电离层异常研究

介绍COSMIC技术反演电离层电子密度的研究现状、技术和方法,验证其可靠性;并利用COSMIC掩星数据计算分析2011-03-11东日本大地震震前5d及地震当天震区上空电离层电子密度分布,探测到显著的震前电离层异常现象,证明COSMIC技术研究地震电离层异常的可行性。     

一种适用于电离层电子密度重构的AMART算法

针对传统乘法代数重构算法（MART）迭代精度不高的问题,提出一种自适应电离层层析新算法。一方面,该算法根据射线穿越像素点的截距和电子密度值的综合影响,合理地分配迭代差值;另一方面,提出一种与电子密度值相关的自适应松弛因子,有效克服传播噪声对电子密度反演的影响。试验采用全球电离层图（GIM）数据和GPS双频观测数据分别从单射线迭代和多射线迭代两个方面对新方法的可行性和优越性进行验证。试验结果表明,相对于传统的MART算法,本文方法反演电子密度剖面更接近电离层测高仪观测结果。     

2018年8月磁暴期间北斗GEO卫星电离层TEC时空变化分析

基于北斗GEO卫星独有的静地特性,本文利用其观测数据提取电离层TEC进行磁暴期间电离层TEC时空变化研究。同时利用全球电离层格网图GIM值进行试验对比,结果表明：北斗GEO卫星提取的TEC与GIM模型值变化趋势一致,并且前者可更有效地监测电离层的细微扰动变化。在此次磁暴发生期间,亚太地区电离层TEC变化及扰动响应特征在纬度方向差异明显。其中南北半球较高纬度区域,电离层TEC在磁暴主相阶段主要表现为正响应扰动,而赤道及北半球较低纬度区域,电离层TEC在磁暴主相及恢复相阶段均产生了强度更大、持续时间更长的正响应扰动。结合现有研究,认为造成此次电离层异常扰动的激励因素主要为东向快速穿透电场的增强及热层中性成分的变化。试验结果也证明了GEO卫星可以精准有效地监测在磁暴发生时电离层TEC的变化规律及不同空间位置处TEC产生的扰动响应特征。     

海口地区扩展F和GPS电离层闪烁发生时间相关性分析

对2012年8月至2013年7月太阳活动高年海口地区扩展F和GPS L1频段电离层闪烁进行了发生时间相关性分析。结果表明,该地区的GPS电离层闪烁与扩展F具有较好的相关性,二者发生的相关系数为095.受太阳活动高年低纬电离层不均匀体发展演化特性和设备观测方式的影响,观测到的电离层闪烁起始时间稍早于扩展F。扩展F结束时间比电离层闪烁结束时间有所滞后,分析认为,在低纬电离层不均匀体的消亡阶段,1 km以下中小尺度的不均匀体首先消失。      

利用双频GPS数据研究区域电离层TEC变化规律

利用GPS双频观测数据分析了仪器偏差对计算电离层TEC的影响,结果表明忽略仪器偏差的影响不能正确反映测站上空电离层总电子含量的变化规律。验证了短期内仪器偏差的稳定性,并在此基础上研究了2005年太阳活动低峰年区域电离层VTEC的周年变化规律,揭示了电离层VTEC半年变化、季节性变化及冬季异常等现象。     

The ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM) and its application to determining the ionospheric delay for GPS

A new method for modeling the ionospheric delay using global positioning system (GPS) data is proposed, called the ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM). It is based on establishing a concept referred to as the ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) λ of the ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and the IEF’s influence factor (IFF) . The IEF can be used to make a relatively precise distinction between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, whereas the IFF is advantageous for describing the IEF’s variations with day, month, season and year, associated with seasonal variations of total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. By combining λ and with the local time t of IPP, the IEFM has the ability to precisely distinguish between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, as well as efficiently combine them during different seasons or months over a year at the IPP. The IEFM-based ionospheric delay estimates are validated by combining an absolute positioning mode with several ionospheric delay correction models or algorithms, using GPS data at an international Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) service (IGS) station (WTZR). Our results indicate that the IEFM may further improve ionospheric delay modeling using GPS data.     

Temporal and spatial variations of global ionospheric total electron content under various solar conditions

By utilizing the numerical technique of principal component analysis (PCA), this work analyses temporal and spatial variations of the ionosphere under various solar conditions during the period 1999–2013. Applying the PCA technique to the time series of the global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps provides an efficient method for analyzing the main ionospheric variability on a global scale that is able to decompose periodic variations (e.g., annual and semiannual oscillations) while retaining the asymmetry in the temporal and spatial domains (e.g., seasonal and equator anomalies). The TEC series of different local times are processed separately at two time scales: (1) the whole 15 years of the period of study and (2) the individual years. In contrast with previous studies, the analysis of the dataset of the 15 years shows that dawn (e.g., LT4–6) and late morning (LT10–12) are the more remarkable characteristic times for ionospheric variability. This study also reveals a cyclic trend of the variability with respect to local times. The first two modes, which contain 80–90% of the total variance, represent spatial distributions and temporal variations with respect to the different stages of the solar cycle and local times. Annual and semiannual variations are demodulated from the first two modes, and the results show that these variations evidently have distinct trends for daytime and nighttime. An exception is that, under active solar conditions, extremely strong solar irradiance during the daytime has a residual effect on the variability of the nighttime.     

GPS observations of the ionospheric F2-layer behavior during the 20th November 2003 geomagnetic storm over South Korea

The ionospheric F2-layer peak density (NmF2) and its height (hmF2) are of great influence on the shape of the ionospheric electron density profile Ne (h) and may be indicative of other physical processes within the ionosphere, especially those due to geomagnetic storms. Such parameters are often estimated using models such as the semiempirical international reference ionosphere (IRI) models or are measured using moderately priced to expensive instrumentation, such as ionosondes or incoherent scatter radars. Global positioning system (GPS) observations have become a powerful tool for mapping high-resolution ionospheric structures, which can be used to study the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms. In this paper, we describe how 3-D ionospheric electron density profiles were produced from data of the dense permanent Korean GPS network using the tomography reconstruction technique. These profiles are verified by independent ionosonde data. The responses of GPS-derived parameters at the ionospheric F2-layer to the 20th November 2003 geomagnetic storm over South Korea are investigated. A fairly large increase in the electron density at the F2-layer peak (the NmF2) (positive storm) has been observed during this storm, which is accompanied by a significant uplift in the height of the F2 layer peak (the hmF2). This is confirmed by independent ionosonde observations. We suggest that the F2-layer peak height uplift and NmF2 increase are mainly associated with a strong eastward electric field, and are not associated with the increase of the O/N₂ ratio obtained from the GUVI instruments aboard the TIMED satellite. It is also inferred that the increase in NmF2 is not caused by the changes in neutral composition, but is related to other nonchemical effects, such as dynamical changes of vertical ion motions induced by winds and E × B drifts, tides and waves in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region, which can be dynamically coupled upward to generate ionospheric perturbations and oscillations.     

Cycle slip detection and repair for undifferenced GPS observations under high ionospheric activity

We develop a new approach for cycle slip detection and repair under high ionospheric activity using undifferenced dual-frequency GPS carrier phase observations. A forward and backward moving window averaging (FBMWA) algorithm and a second-order, time-difference phase ionospheric residual (STPIR) algorithm are integrated to jointly detect and repair cycle slips. The FBMWA algorithm is proposed to detect cycle slips from the widelane ambiguity of Melbourne–Wübbena linear combination observable. The FBMWA algorithm has the advantage of reducing the noise level of widelane ambiguities, even if the GPS data are observed under rapid ionospheric variations. Thus, the detection of slips of one cycle becomes possible. The STPIR algorithm can better remove the trend component of ionospheric variations compared to the normally used first-order, time-difference phase ionospheric residual method. The combination of STPIR and FBMWA algorithms can uniquely determine the cycle slips at both GPS L ₁ and L ₂ frequencies. The proposed approach has been tested using data collected under different levels of ionospheric activities with simulated cycle slips. The results indicate that this approach is effective even under active ionospheric conditions.     

高阶电离层延迟对不同区域测站坐标的影响

针对如何有效控制、改正甚至消除不同区域与时段的电离层高阶项延迟对全球导航卫星系统定位结果产生的影响,该文选取了不同区域内有代表性的IGS基准站1999—2003年的观测数据进行解算,并详细分析了各测站坐标受高阶电离层延迟影响的规律。在此基础上,总结出测站的高阶项改正与测站区域地理位置的关系,并探究产生这种影响的原因。最后从全球的角度研究了电离层高阶项改正对基准站坐标的影响。结果表明,要获得高精度的定位结果,需要顾及高阶电离层延迟的影响,尤其是在赤道以及地球两极区域的精密定位,此外,需要顾及电离层变化活跃期的影响。     

Preliminary analysis of grid ionospheric vertical error for GAGAN

The inverse distance weighted model (IDWM) represents a geo-spatial interpolation technique used for estimation of ionospheric vertical delays at the ionospheric grid points (IGPs) and user ionospheric pierce points (IPPs). The GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system is planned for air-navigation over the Indian service region using a space based augmentation. One of the main needs for GAGAN is to develop a suitable grid-based ionospheric model for estimating the vertical delay and its error bound, i.e., grid ionospheric vertical error (GIVE) at all the IGPs covering the Indian subcontinent. Dual frequency GPS receiver data obtained from 17 total electron content (TEC) stations are considered in the analysis. For a typical IGP (25°N, 75°E), variations in the GIVE for a few days of quiet ionosphere are presented. For a quiet and magnetically moderate day, the mean and standard deviations of the user IPP (UIPP) estimation error and the mean GIVE are presented using the IDWM with Klobuchar, Junkins and bilinear models.