共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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根据城市内涝产流、汇流过程及其原理,以GIS为分析和开发工具,模拟、分析内涝积水的空间分布。基于DEM数据完成水流方向提取、汇流量计算,以及汇水区域提取,实现产流、汇流模拟。利用降水产、汇流的模拟结果,结合水文计算方法,基于GIS实现对城市内涝积水的数值模拟。 相似文献
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三维GIS的城市暴雨积涝灾害模拟 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对传统基于二维GIS进行城市暴雨积涝模拟分析不能立体地展现积涝灾害动态演进过程、地物受灾情况的问题,该文提出了基于三维GIS进行城市暴雨积涝灾害模拟分析。该方法综合应用精细化建模与地物拉伸建模技术,通过区域DEM构建、地表路面建模、建筑物建模、地形匹配构建研究区三维模型;以改进的D8算法进行汇水区划分,应用径流系数法进行汇水区产流计算。研究结果表明,该方法能够有效实现三维场景中暴雨积涝积水深度、积水范围计算以及积水深度、受灾房屋、受灾道路可视化表达,为城市暴雨积涝灾害防灾减灾提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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地形图是构建数字高程模型(DEM)的重要数据源,同时近几年空间插值方法在建模精度等方面的应用得到了不断的提高,因此将等高线离散化成高程点进行空间插值构建高质量DEM成为值得研究的课题。在此背景下,本研究从操作的易行性及空间插值的原理出发,基于ArcGIS软件设计了6种离散化方法;并以江南某丘陵地区为实验区域,以大比例尺地形图为基础数据源,探讨了在不同影响因素下各离散化方法构建DEM时的差异性与适应性。 相似文献
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针对数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据的多尺度表达问题,根据DEM格网数据在能量谱密度中“低频-高能-大尺度”的对应关系,在化简中关联地形语义特征,构建了DEM数据的多尺度表达模型。实验结果表明,该模型可以实时动态派生不同尺度下的DEM数据,通过等高线放样观察发现,该模型派生的DEM数据满足地形表达、空间认知和制图综合中的“保留主要地形特征、舍弃次要地形特征”的基本原则。与常用的DEM化简方法进行高程值统计以及坡形变化的定量对比分析,结果表明该方法在统计意义与结构意义上都具有较好的效果。 相似文献
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SRTM(1″)DEM在流域水文分析中的适用性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《国土资源遥感》2017,(2)
高精度的数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据是流域水文分析应用的基础。美国地质调查局新发布了全球高分辨率数字高程数据产品,其空间分辨率为1″(约为30 m)。为评价该数据在流域水文分析中的适用性,以鹤壁汤河流域为实验区,以机载LiDAR DEM数据为参考,统计了SRTM(1″)数据的高程误差,分析了坡度、坡向、地表覆盖等对误差的影响;在基于地形的水文分析中,统计分析了SRTM(1″)数据误差对地形湿度指数、坡度坡长因子以及汇流动力指数等地形指数计算的影响;最后选取流域汇水区面积、最长水流路径长度、形状系数、弯曲度系数等流域特征参数对两种DEM数据提取结果进行了对比。研究表明SRTM(1″)DEM数据具有较高的精度,原始数据均方根误差为5.98 m,在消除平面位移误差后减小为4.32 m。基于地形的水文分析表明SRTM DEM与LiDAR DEM计算结果具有一定的差异,地形湿度指数平均值略高,坡度坡长因子和汇流动力指数平均值偏低,离散度偏小,这与SRTM DEM在微地貌以及高坡度地形区存在失真相关。两种DEM数据提取流域特征参数差异较小。上述研究表明SRTM DEM(1″)数据在流域水文分析中具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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在基于LRIS-3D系统建立高分辨率DEM基础上,以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区桥沟小流域为对象,利用GIS工具,以三维激光扫描系统扫描数据为基础数据,研究基于DEM的数字地形特征和水文特征的提取与分析方法。研究结果表明:与普通DEM相比,高分辨率DEM提取研究区平均坡度变小、坡度标准差变大,总体地形向平坦转化,坡面曲率增大,沟壑密度增大,更详细地描述了地表特征。对流域水文过程分析、特别是对流域汇流的参数确定及汇流模型的建立有积极作用。 相似文献
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付杨康 《测绘与空间地理信息》2023,(11):132-135
针对城市内涝问题,提出一种改进的局部等体积地表径流汇流模型。首先基于SCS模型获取地表产流;其次通过结合形态学重构方法对分水岭分割算法进行改进,获得相应的子汇水区,提升局部等体积汇流模型的精度;最后以武汉市中心城区为研究区,对模拟结果进行评价。结果显示:1)10 a、50 a重现期下的内涝模拟精度分别为78.1%和78.6%,模拟精度良好;2)最大积水深度、总积水面积、严重积水面积和总积水水量均与重现期呈正相关,并在降雨峰值处,各参数增长趋势均为最大;3)武汉城区2 h短历时降雨过程中,1 a重现期为城市内涝是否严重的分水岭;4)武汉城区暴雨内涝主要集中在江汉区和江岸区。 相似文献
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DEM数据是流域水文分析和模拟的基础,不同DEM分辨率尺度深刻影响着水文分析和水文过程模拟的结果。本文基于机载LiDAR获取的DEM数据,分析了不同分辨率LiDAR DEM在坡度提取、水文指数分析和流域特征参数提取中的差异及产生原因;基于SWAT分布式水文模型模拟研究了不同分辨率DEM数据的水文效应。研究结果表明:随着DEM分辨率的降低,坡度平均值减小,TWI平均值增大,SPI平均值减小,LSF均值先增大后减小,当分辨率为10 m时,LSF取得最大值;SWAT模型模拟结果表明,随分辨率的降低、坡度值的变小,地形湿度指数变大,蒸散发量增加,地表径流深减小,而土壤渗漏量与地下径流量则是先减小后增加,出现极值时DEM分辨率为10 m,与LSF出现极值时一致。 相似文献
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Yitong Jiang 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2017,54(1):95-117
Surface moisture is important to link land surface temperature (LST) to people’s thermal comfort. In urban areas, the surface roughness from buildings and urban trees impacts wind speed, and consequently surface moisture. To find the role of surface roughness in surface moisture estimation, we developed methods to estimate daily and hourly evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture, based on a case study of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. In order to capture the spatial and temporal variations of LST, hourly and daily LST was produced by downscaling techniques. Given the heterogeneity in urban areas, fractions of vegetation, soil, and impervious surfaces were calculated. To describe the urban morphology, surface roughness parameters were calculated from digital elevation model (DEM), digital surface model (DSM), and Terrestrial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). Two source energy balance (TSEB) model was employed to generate ET, and the temperature vegetation index (TVX) method was used to calculate soil moisture. Stable hourly soil moisture fluctuated from 15% to 20%, and daily soil moisture increased due to precipitation and decreased due to seasonal temperature change. ET over soil, vegetation, and impervious surface in the urban areas yielded different patterns in response to precipitation. The surface roughness from high-rise has bigger influence on ET in central urban areas. 相似文献
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针对边坡的台阶状地形特征是露天矿地形表达的关键和难点问题,该文基于边坡台阶要素的空间关系建立边坡层次关系模型,采用一种逐层加入扩展点和约束线的方法生成扩展约束TIN模型,将某露天煤矿作为实验区,实现了露天矿DEM的动态建模。结果表明:提高了边坡坡面的层级可视化效果,保持了地形结构的完整性,实现了边坡实体单元的分层次表达,能够获得不同水平层次的DEM数据。基于边坡特征分析的分层约束方法为露天矿DEM的构建提供了一种思路,可为边坡监测、灾变分析和灾情预测等领域提供精确的地形数据。 相似文献
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数字高程模型的地表构建模型都是基于局部区域的,表现为用某个多项式来表达局部区域的地表面。本文指出了这种基于面的插值模型的缺点,提出了基于线模型的数字高程模型地面表达方式,并针对规则格网和不规则三角网提出了不同的线模型参数表达方法,最后提出了线模型的数据存储方式以及其在地形分析中的应用前景。 相似文献
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This paper aims at developing a methodology for assessing urban dynamics in urban catchments and the related impact on hydrology. Using a multi-temporal remote sensing supported hydrological modelling approach an improved simulation of runoff for urban areas is targeted. A time-series of five medium resolution urban masks and corresponding sub-pixel sealed surface proportions maps was generated from Landsat and SPOT imagery. The consistency of the urban mask and sealed surface proportion time-series was imposed through an urban change trajectory analysis. The physically based rainfall-runoff model WetSpa was successfully adapted for integration of remote sensing derived information of detailed urban land use and sealed surface characteristics.A first scenario compares the original land-use class based approach for hydrological parameterisation with a remote sensing sub-pixel based approach. A second scenario assesses the impact of urban growth on hydrology. Study area is the Tolka River basin in Dublin, Ireland.The grid-based approach of WetSpa enables an optimal use of the spatially distributed properties of remote sensing derived input.Though change trajectory analysis remains little used in urban studies it is shown to be of utmost importance in case of time series analysis. The analysis enabled to assign a rational trajectory to 99% of all pixels. The study showed that consistent remote sensing derived land-use maps are preferred over alternative sources (such as CORINE) to avoid over-estimation errors, interpretation inconsistencies and assure enough spatial detail for urban studies. Scenario 1 reveals that both the class and remote sensing sub-pixel based approaches are able to simulate discharges at the catchment outlet in an equally satisfactory way, but the sub-pixel approach yields considerably higher peak discharges. The result confirms the importance of detailed information on the sealed surface proportion for hydrological simulations in urbanised catchments. In addition a major advantage with respect to hydrological parameterisation using remote sensing is the fact that it is site- and period-specific. Regarding the assessment of the impact of urbanisation (scenario 2) the hydrological simulations revealed that the steady urban growth in the Tolka basin between 1988 and 2006 had a considerable impact on peak discharges. Additionally, the hydrological response is quicker as a result of urbanisation. Spatially distributed surface runoff maps identify the zones with high runoff production.It is evident that this type of information is important for urban water management and decision makers. The results of the remote sensing supported modelling approach do not only indicate increased volumes due to urbanisation, but also identifies the locations where the most relevant impacts took place. 相似文献
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基于条件模拟的DEM误差曲面实现研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为了克服DEM全局误差指标描述DEM精度的缺陷,基于条件模拟(CS)实现了DEM误差曲面的构建。构建了甘肃省董志塬某测区DEM误差曲面,并与普通Kriging(OK)插值结果进行了比较。结果表明,OK具有明显的平滑效应,而CS能准确反映DEM误差的空间波动性。DEM误差对坡度精度的影响分析表明,相比地形复杂的区域,DEM误差严重影响平坦区域的坡度精度;对测区水土流失等级划分结果的分析表明,约有70.2%的网格点的等级划分受DEM误差的影响。 相似文献
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Geostatistical characterization of local DEM error is usually based on the assumption of a stationary variogram model which requires the mean and variance to be finite and constant in the area under investigation. However, in practice this assumption is appropriate only in a restricted spatial location, where the local experimental variograms vary slowly. Therefore, an adaptive method is developed in this article to model non‐stationary variograms, for which the estimator and the indicator for characterization of spatial variation are a Voronoi map and the standard deviation of mean values displayed in the Voronoi map, respectively. For the adaptive method, the global domain is divided into different meshes with various sizes according to the variability of local variograms. The adaptive method of non‐stationary variogram modeling is applied to simulating error surfaces of a LiDAR derived DEM located in Sichuan province, China. Results indicate that the locally adaptive variogram model is more accurate than the global one for capturing the characterization of spatial variation in DEM errors. The adaptive model can be considered as an alternative approach to modeling non‐stationary variograms for DEM error surface simulation. 相似文献