GNSS导航卫星多维粗差定位算法研究

针对现有GNSS导航卫星多维粗差定位算法研究较少,本文提出采用全局-局部测试法查找观测值中的粗差。从函数模型方面详细论述全局测试和局部测试判断并定位粗差的过程,并且结合蒙特卡罗方法模拟的导航实验数据验证本文所提出的方法。模拟实验表明,该方法能比较快速且准确地定位含粗差观测值,从理论上补充了GNSS导航卫星多粗差定位的算法,也在一定程度上提高了多星座导航完备性。     

基于IGGⅢ权函数的GNSS/INS组合导航RAIM模型

将IGGⅢ权函数引入GNSS/INS组合导航中,提出基于IGGⅢ权函数的GNSS/INS组合导航RAIM模型,根据Kalman残差平方和服从x2分布,论证运用IGGⅢ权函数探测粗差星的可行性.开发模拟平台生成GPS、Galileo、GLONASS和BeiDou卫星星座,卫星观测值加入单粗差和多粗差,测试RAIM模型的粗差探测能力.算例表明,RAIM模型能够准确定位粗差星,剔除粗差星后,可提高GNSS/INS组合导航精度.     

基于抗差EKF的GNSS/INS紧组合算法研究

提出了GNSS/INS紧组合导航的抗差EKF算法,采用21状态GNSS/INS紧组合状态方程,根据多余观测分量及预测残差统计构造抗差等价增益矩阵,建立抗差EKF算法,通过迭代给出GNSS/INS组合导航的抗差解,并开发GNSS/INS紧组合导航模拟平台,通过对观测值加入单粗差、多粗差及缓慢增长三类误差,测试本文算法对不同粗差的抑制能力。分析表明,抗差EKF可以将三类粗差抑制在相应观测值的残差中,达到削弱其对状态参数估计的影响。本文算例证明,抗差EKF算法可将导航解的误差精度从dm级提高为cm级甚至mm级,导航精度及可靠性得到明显提高。     

组合Baarda数据探测法与ESD检验法探测伪距粗差的新方法

在采用GNSS技术进行卫星导航定位过程中,伪距观测值粗差会污染定位观测模型,造成定位精度下降。本文提出了一种融合Baarda数据探测法和ESD检验法两种方法进行组合探测伪距观测值粗差的新方法,实验证明,该方法可以有效控制伪距粗差的影响,保障伪距单点定位的精度和可靠性。     

一种基于加表零偏稳定性的GNSS/SINS组合导航异常探测方法

在地面车载组合导航中,全球导航卫星系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）的观测值容易受地面复杂环境的干扰,导致其定位结果出现异常,严重影响GNSS/捷联惯性导航系统（strap-down inertial navigation system,SINS）组合的滤波解算。从惯导系统误差特性的角度,研究了一种基于加表零偏稳定性的组合导航异常探测新方法。该方法从加表零偏解算的异常来发现GNSS位置、速度等观测值中的粗差,并采取剔除和降权的抗差方法抵御粗差影响。通过一组车载数据的分析表明,观测粗差对加表零偏解算的影响十分显著,以此为判别条件能够准确地发现观测粗差。采用该方法后,位置误差、速度误差和姿态误差的均方根分别减小了70.8%、87.9%和77.7%,显著提高了组合导航的解算精度和鲁棒性,为组合导航数据的抗差处理提供了一种新思路。     

城市复杂场景下GNSS定位的因子图优化方法及其抗差性能分析

北斗/全球导航卫星系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）在开阔环境下可以提供连续可靠的高精度导航定位服务,但是在城市复杂场景下,GNSS多路径与非视距信号严重、粗差与周跳发生频繁,导航定位能力仍然存在不足。相较于扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter, EKF)方法,因子图优化能够充分利用历史观测,通过窗口内历元间约束与冗余观测信息共同抑制异常数据影响。构建了基于滑动窗口因子图优化的GNSS定位模型,通过验后残差迭代分析进行粗差探测,并从最小可探测误差、粗差探测成功率、定位精度提升等方面深入分析因子图优化与EKF的抗差性能。以城市复杂场景数据进行处理验证,结果表明,因子图优化的最小可探测误差减小了11.92%～32.56%,粗差探测成功率提升了3.84%～10.47%,GNSS定位精度提升了11.29%～25.99%。总体而言,对于城市复杂场景下的GNSS导航定位应用,因子图优化具备更好的抗差性能和定位精度,有望取代现有基于单历元观测值的EKF模型。     

改进M估计的抗多个粗差定位解算方法

随着导航卫星数量的增多,观测数据中出现多个粗差的概率显著增大,基于单个粗差假设的RAIM算法不能保证多个粗差的有效抑制。抗差估计在定位可靠性要求高的场合受到了广泛关注。针对传统M-估计受初值误差影响的问题,提出了一种基于改进M-估计的抗差定位解算方法。该算法采用S-估计方法计算初值,根据可用卫星数实时调整S-估计中的参数使得初值能够最大限度抑制粗差。GPS观测数据处理结果表明改进的M-估计能够有效抑制多个粗差。     

摄影/惯导组合定位技术在GNSS动态定位性能测试中的应用

在分析现有GNSS动态定位精度评估方法不足的基础上,提出区别于传统组合导航滤波算法的摄影/惯导组合定位技术。将多个摄影节点的位置观测量作为基准,利用最小二乘最优估计法统一解算捷联惯导误差参数。摄影/惯导组合定位方法的基本观测量、工作模式与卫星导航定位方法有本质区别;同时又具备高精度定位、高动态定位、高数据刷新率和差异数据观测量4个条件,十分适合作为GNSS动态定位性能测试的评估技术。通过在标志场内进行的摄影测量试验和摄影/惯导组合定位性能仿真试验,验证了摄影/惯导组合定位方法的可行性。该方法为首次提出,具有一定的科学价值。     

一种GNSS/视觉观测紧组合导航定位算法研究

全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)在弱信号环境下,GNSS信号易受到遮挡或者电磁干扰,严重影响导航定位的可靠性、连续性和精度. 针对此问题,本文作者研究了一种GNSS和视觉观测紧组合导航定位方法. 首先基于相机采集图像数据,利用ORB-SLAM2开源平台求解得到视觉位置结果增量,再联合GNSS伪距观测数据采用卡尔曼滤波(KF)进行组合定位解算. 采用实测的GNSS伪距观测数据和图像数据进行测试,试验结果表明:该算法不仅能有效地提升GNSS弱信号环境下导航定位的连续性和精度,还能在卫星数少于4颗时保持持续导航定位.      

GNSS时差及其在多系统组合定位中的应用

随着卫星导航系统的发展及不断升级,越来越多的GNSS测站开始配备多模GNSS接收机。一方面,多模接收机的应用能够跟踪更多的GNSS卫星,从而改善观测几何条件,提高定位精度和可靠性;另一方面,不同GNSS导航系统采用不同的系统时间定义,存在着系统时差,从而多模GNSS接收机对于不同导航系统卫星的观测值存在着相应的偏差。为实现GNSS系统的兼容与互操作,各个GNSS导航系统目前都提出了系统时差监测的要求。基于此,研究GNSS系统时差的监测及其在多模定位中的应用。首先介绍目前导航系统时差监测的几种方法;然后分析GPS/GLONASS系统时差以及相对硬件延迟的特性;最后将GPS/GLONASS系统时差应用到多模用户导航定位,并详细讨论GPS/GLONASS时差及测站硬件延迟对导航定位的影响。     

GNSS integration with vision-based navigation for low GNSS visibility conditions

In urban canyons, buildings and other structures often block the line of sight of visible Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites, which makes it difficult to obtain four or more satellites to provide a three-dimensional navigation solution. Previous studies on this operational environment have been conducted based on the assumption that GNSS is not available. However, a limited number of satellites can be used with other sensor measurements, although the number is insufficient to derive a navigation solution. The limited number of GNSS measurements can be integrated with vision-based navigation to correct navigation errors. We propose an integrated navigation system that improves the performance of vision-based navigation by integrating the limited GNSS measurements. An integrated model was designed to apply the GNSS range and range rate to vision-based navigation. The possibility of improved navigation performance was evaluated during an observability analysis based on available satellites. According to the observability analysis, each additional satellite decreased the number of unobservable states by one, while vision-based navigation always has three unobservable states. A computer simulation was conducted to verify the improvement in the navigation performance by analyzing the estimated position, which depended on the number of available satellites; additionally, an experimental test was conducted. The results showed that limited GNSS measurements can improve the positioning performance. Thus, our proposed method is expected to improve the positioning performance in urban canyons.     

多维粗差定位与定值的算法研究及实现

在概括控制网观测值粗差探测方法研究进展和讨论多雏粗差定位与定值理论的基础上，提出了多维粗差的搜索、判断和算法，并在控制网数据处理通用软件包中得到实现。通过算例分析，证明了算法的有效性；最后提出了粗差定位与定值时应注意的问题。     

BDS/GPS组合定位可靠性分析与粗差探测研究

全球导航卫星系统多系统融合定位是未来无人驾驶等智能应用的关键基础设施,无人驾驶等智能应用经常需要面对城市等复杂环境,由于受到建筑物的遮挡与多路径的影响,观测值出现误差的概率也在不断增加,因此分析多系统融合定位可靠性并进行粗差的探测识别,确保定位结果准确可靠具有重要意义。基于可靠性理论与假设检验粗差探测方法,采用MGEX(multi-GNSS experiment)测站数据进行可靠性评估与粗差探测实验。实验结果表明,BDS(BeiDou navigation satellite system)/GPS(global positioning system)组合下,双频IF(ionospheric-free)组合定位解算的最小可探测粗差与最大不可探测粗差对定位的影响值较单BDS解算分别下降了7.105 m、22.368 m,双系统较单系统可靠性提升明显。BDS/GPS组合下,双频IF组合定位解算的最小可探测粗差与最大不可探测粗差对定位的影响向量较单频解算结果下降了4.105 m、1.621 m,双频数据较单频数据的可靠性更优。基于可靠性评估结果开展了模拟粗差探测实验,结果表明,双频观测值包含...     

抗差估计在RTK／INS紧组合中的应用研究

针对动态环境下GNSS／INS导航定位结果常受粗差影响的问题,提出了一种基于抗差卡尔曼滤波的GPS／BDS双系统RTK／INS紧组合导航定位算法,根据方差膨胀模型,建立抗差卡尔曼算法,得到GNSS／INS紧组合抗差解,并通过两个不同区域的实测车载实验进行了算法验证. 实验结果表明:本方法相较于传统方法,在N、E、D三个方向的导航精度分别提高1.4～4.6 cm,0.7～9 cm,1.5～2 cm,模糊度固定成功率提高10.3％～25.6％,导航精度及可靠性得到显著提高,对动态环境下车载或自动驾驶等应用具有一定的理论参考和实用价值.      

基于空间双曲交会的GNSS伪距单点定位算法

针对GNSS卫星导航中的伪距单点定位,提出一种不需要测站坐标近似值的非迭代算法。该算法将GNSS伪距导航定位方程转化为空间双曲定位方程,给出具体的解算步骤,研究了空间双曲定位方程的解(有两解),利用GNSS伪距导航定位的特点可消除多值性,从而实现无初值GNSS伪距单点定位。该算法与Bancroft算法相比,通过星间单差,与测站有关的公共误差项被消去,提高了定位精度;与传统的迭代算法相比,提高了计算效率,而且不需要测站坐标初值。最后通过IGS监测站实测数据对3种算法进行比较,验证了算法的有效性。     

Benefits of receiver clock modeling in code-based GNSS navigation

Due to the limited frequency stability and poor accuracy of typical quartz oscillators built-in GNSS receivers, an additional receiver clock error has to be estimated in addition to the coordinates. This leads to several drawbacks especially in kinematic applications: At least four satellites in view are needed for navigation, high correlations between the clock estimates and the up-coordinates. This situation can be improved distinctly when connecting atomic clocks to GNSS receivers and modeling their behavior in a physically meaningful way (receiver clock modeling). Recent developments in miniaturizing atomic clocks result in so-called chip-scale atomic clocks and open up the possibility of using stable atomic clocks in GNSS navigation. We present two different methods of receiver clock modeling, namely in an extended Kalman filter and a sequential least-squares adjustment for code-based GNSS navigation using three different miniaturized atomic clocks. Using the data of several kinematic test drives, the benefits of clock modeling for GPS navigation solutions are assessed: decrease in the noise of the up-coordinates by up to 69 % to 20 cm level, decrease in minimal detectable biases by 16 %, and elimination of spikes and subsequently decrease in large position errors (35 %). Hence, a more robust position is obtained. Additionally, artificial partial satellite outages are generated to demonstrate position solutions with only three satellites in view.     

Using Allan variance to improve stochastic modeling for accurate GNSS/INS integrated navigation

MEMS-based integrated system of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and an inertial navigation system (INS) has been widely used in various navigation applications. However, such integration encounters some major limitations. On the one hand, the noisy MEMS-based INS undermines the accuracy with time during the frequently occurring GNSS outages caused by signal blockage or attenuation in certain situations such as urban canyon, tunnels, and high trees. On the other hand, the model mismatch between actual GNSS error and the assumed one would also degrade the obtained accuracy even with continuous GNSS aiding. To improve the overall performance for GNSS/MEMS-INS, better error models can be obtained using Allan variance (AV) analysis technique for modeling inertial sensor errors instead of the commonly recommended auto-regressive processes, and on the other hand, the measurement update in Kalman filter is improved using innovation filtering and AV calculation. The performance of each method and the combined algorithm is evaluated by a field test with either differential GNSS (DGNSS) or single-point positioning (SPP) as external aid. In addition to the considerable navigation enhancement brought by each method, the experimental results show the combined algorithm accomplishes overall accuracy improvements by about 18% (position), 8% (velocity), and 38% (attitude) for integration with DGNSS, and by about 15% (position), 75% (velocity), and 77% (attitude) for that with SPP, compared with corresponding traditional counterparts.     

Method for evaluating real-time GNSS satellite clock offset products

Real-time satellite clock offset products are frequently utilized in navigation and positioning service fields. The precision of such products is a key issue for their application. The evaluation methods existed for satellite clock offset products are mostly based on post-processed satellite clock offset solutions, which will encounter problems in real-time product evaluation, especially for real-time satellite clock offset products estimated from data with regional stations only. We propose an improved evaluation method for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) satellite clock offset products. In the proposed method, we use all-satellite reference method instead of single-satellite reference method to eliminate the timescale in satellite clock offset products. Moreover, a preprocessing step is suggested to detect gross errors and initial clock bias before evaluating the precision of the satellite clock offsets. We conduct two examples to verify our method, and the experimental results show that the proposed method is more reasonable in assessing the GNSS satellite clock offset precision, and it also provides a reliable approach to analyzing the estimated satellite clock offset in both real-time and post-processed, or globally and regionally.