基于Web目录服务的地学传感器观测服务注册和搜索

在分布式异构网络环境下,如何根据时间、空间和尺度等因子发现地学传感器和聚集传感器观测数据已成为自适应地球观测和空间信息服务中需要解决的问题.本文提出集成OGC的目录服务和传感器观测服务的地学传感器数据的访问方法和体系架构,包含分布式地学观测服务、基于ebRIM的目录服务、SOS注册与搜索服务中间件和地学传感器门户4个部件;深入探讨了观测数据注册的流程、观测能力注册的更新、目录服务中海量历史观测数据的管理和可视化搜索等实现技术;最后,基于传感器观测服务和目录服务标准,设计和实现了服务注册原型,并用E0-1的高光谱观测数据验证了服务原型的可行性,能够有效解决传感器观测服务、观测能力和观测结果的注册、管理和搜索.     

一种基于位置的移动服务系统的设计与实现

基于位置的移动服务需要设计高效、稳定和可扩展的体系结构与开发方式，提出了一种基于Web服务的LBS体系结构（WS-LBS），并设计了WS-LBS系统框架，实现了空间信息服务的构建与发布机制，扩展了终端用户，实现了一个WS-LBS原型系统。     

传感器观测服务的性能评估与方法

传感器观测服务是传感网的核心服务,用于管理和获取异构传感器的元数据和观测数据.在一定的硬件和软件条件下,评估传感器观测服务的性能有助于发挥传感网监测目标地物时的最优性能.本文以服务性能的响应时间为评估标准,提出了传感器观测服务性能的评估方法.此方法分别从不同的操作和软件配置等方面进行了响应时间的评估,分析出传感器观测服务中不同操作的性能特征,提高了传感器观测服务的设计与部署效率.     

网络地图服务中空间查询与分析的栅格化实现

地理信息获得了越来越广泛与深入的应用。空间查询与空间分析是GIS（GeographyInformation System,地理信息系统）的核心特征之一,也是空间信息服务（如Web Feature Service）实现中的关键问题。如何在网络地图服务场景下提供高效能的空间查询与空间分析功能是网络地图服务器设计与实现中的挑战性问题。本文提出了一种新型的网络地图服务器场景下空间查询与空间分析的栅格化实现思路。在给出了设计思想和原型系统结构之后,本文详细描述了基于亚像素精度绘制引擎的栅格化索引生成方法。随后给出了基于此种索引方式的空间关系判断方法（以Overlap算子作为例子）、空间叠加分析计算方法。通过本文原型系统与已有研究成果和相关实现的精度对比和并发性能测试,证明了本文算法的优势。     

基于ASP.NET的地理信息Web服务研究

ASP.NET是网站和XML Web服务的产物,是.NET框架中的核心要素。论文探讨了基于ASP.NET框架的地理信息Web服务(GI Web service)的实现原理,提出了服务体系软件架构,就应用服务器端组件设计、服务器端Web自定义组件设计等关键技术问题进行了深入分析,实现了一个Web服务原型系统。该原型系统经在校园网上测试,表现出良好的稳定性和较高的效率。     

地理信息服务质量(QoGIS):概念和研究框架

在探讨地理数据特点的基础上，提出了地理信息服务质量（QoGIS）的概念和研究框架，设计了一个体现地理信息服务质量的原型系统架构。     

传感网支持下的洪涝事件过程监测与准实时服务方法及验证

洪涝过程探测与准实时服务对于保障人民生命和财产安全意义重大。通常洪涝探测仅关注洪涝断面/平均状态,缺乏对洪涝从发生、发展乃至最后结束的全过程的整体认知,且洪涝探测和服务被动滞后。本文制定洪涝过程探测规则,改进水位预测模型,并将其作为理论基础,与传感网信息模型和服务接口相结合,提出了洪涝过程动态探测与准实时服务(process-based flood detection and service,PFD&S)方法。以PFD&S方法为基础,设计并开发了PFD&S原型系统,该系统由传感器层、数据接入层、洪涝探测层和用户交互层4层组成,且具备传感器数据发布和洪涝事件订阅两种使用模式。文中以2016年夏季发生在黄汉流域的洪涝事件为例,对PFD&S方法的可行性和有效性进行验证。结果表明,PFD&S方法和系统能够精准判断洪涝事件所处阶段,并根据不同阶段的需求提供水位预测、洪涝预警或洪涝信息统计等服务,且方法具备准实时性和可扩展性特征。     

低成本大视场深度相机阵列系统

在测距传感器不断轻量化、小型化以及室内外地图一体化导航应用的驱动下,三维（3D）室内移动测量成为当今研究和应用的热点,在室内建模、室内定位等新兴领域中的应用越来越广泛。3D室内移动测量系统通常配备激光扫描仪、全景相机、惯性测量单元（inertial measurement unit,IMU）系统和里程计等传感器,虽能实现3D室内点云数据的采集,但其距离传感器-激光扫描仪价格昂贵且便携性较差。彩色深度（RGB depth,RGB-D）相机为低成本3D室内移动测量系统构建提供了新的距离成像传感器选择,但主流型号RGB-D相机视场角小,继而导致数据采集效率远低于传统激光扫描仪,难以做到点云数据的完整覆盖与稳健采集,且易造成同时定位与制图（simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM）过程中跟踪失败。针对以上问题,构建了一种低成本室内3D移动测量系统采集设备,通过组合多台消费级RGB-D相机构成大视场RGB-D相机阵列,提出了一种阵列RGB-D相机内外参数标定方法,并通过实验检验了设计系统采集的点云数据的精度。     

增强语义的地理信息服务匹配相似性算法探讨

针对服务匹配技术存在缺乏定量分析能力和匹配精度不高等问题。该文在总结地理信息服务及服务匹配过程特点的基础上,有机地融合了概念信息量算法和概念距离算法的优势,提出一种增强语义的地理信息服务匹配相似性算法,并通过原型系统的实现证明了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

智慧城市时空信息综合决策关键技术与系统

如何根据智慧城市运行管理、建设规划和应急指挥等政府决策部门的综合需求,实现分散信息资源的统一集成、复杂模型资源的有效调用和决策时空信息的高效共享与可视化,成为现阶段城市综合决策的重大挑战。首先提出了感知联网与时空信息接入、地理空间模型联网与认知、决策时空信息聚焦服务等智慧城市时空信息综合决策共性关键技术,突破了城市时空信息智能分析、协同决策与主动聚焦服务的瓶颈;其次,设计并实现了智慧城市时空信息综合决策原型系统,并以太原市燃气泄漏应急响应为例,验证了系统辅助城市综合决策的可行性和适用性;最后,概括了城市（群）立体感知网、城市（群）模型网和城市（群）时空大数据3大主要发展趋势。     

Semantically Enriching an Open Source Sensor Observation Service Implementation for Accessing Heterogeneous Environmental Data Sources

Many kinds of environmental data are nowadays publicly available, but spread over the web. This article discusses using the Sensor Observation Service (SOS) standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) as a common interface for providing data from heterogeneous sources which can be integrated to a user tailored environmental information system. In order to allow for providing user‐tailored and problem‐specific information the adjusted SOS is augmented by a semantic layer which maps the environmental information to ontology concepts. The necessary information fusion from different domains and data types lead to several specific requirements for the SOS. Addressing these requirements we have implemented a SOS which still conforms to the OGC SOS 1.0.0 standard specification. The developed SOS has been integrated in a publicly available demonstrator of our personalized environmental information system. Additionally this article discusses future consequences for the SOS, caused by the recently published SOS 2.0 specification.     

海啸早期预警系统的一种本体式表达

无线传感器通常用于环境监测,如气候变化、水质和监控灾害管理等。目前,灾害管理是一项十分关键和紧迫的工作,在海啸预警和预测系统方面尤为突出。本文在研制区域水文态势地理信息服务系统(RHSGISS)的基础上,为减缓灾害,研究出了海啸早期预警系统的一种本体式表达。该系统由地震监测台站、海底压力记录仪(BPR)和验潮仪等组成,其主要功用是解释复杂的多维数据。该数据由各种传感器、系统间的互操作性以及处理异构数据等生成。目前的核心问题在于将获取自海啸早期预警系统多个组件的异构数据进行融合以及提供基于Web网络的数据服务。面向特定陆表监测与应急响应任务,本文通过使用开放地理空间联盟(OGC)确定的传感器网络赋能实现(SWE)框架,构建了基于"北斗"卫星导航系统的GPNT服务体系,能为所有接入空天地一体化对地感测网环境下的用户共享互操作性和可伸缩性提供便利。本体因其功能上可以提供明确含义的信息,而成为了解决信息异质性问题的手段。本文在传感器网络数据与数据语义方面提出了一种面向服务的架构(SOA)模型,目的是要提供使用本体和Jena规范来表示更有意义的早期海啸预警系统信息。     

gvSOS: A New Client for the OGC® Sensor Observation Service Interface Standard

A key problem with sensor networks is achieving interoperability between different networks potentially built using different software and hardware platforms. Services interfaced by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) specifications allow GIS clients to access geospatial data without knowing the details about how these data are gathered or stored. Currently, OGC is working on a set of interoperable interfaces and metadata encodings known as Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) that enables the integration of heterogeneous sensor systems and measurements into geospatial information infrastructures. In this article we present the implementation of gvSOS, a new module for gvSIG to connect to Sensor Observation Services (SOS). The gvSOS client module allows gvSIG users to interact with SOS servers, displaying the information gathered by sensors as a layer composed by features. We present the software engineering development process followed to build the module. For each step of the process we specify the main obstacles found during the development such as restrictions of the gvSIG architecture, inaccuracies in the OGC specifications, and a set of common problems found in current SOS server implementations available on the Internet. For most of the problems found we propose a solution, or at least we present a path that might lead to it.     

Progress and challenges in the architecture and service pattern of Earth Observation Sensor Web for Digital Earth

The Earth Observation (EO) Web is the data acquisition and processing network for digital Earth. The EO Web including Data Web and Sensor Web has become one of the most important aspects of the Digital Earth 2020. This paper summarised the history of the development and status quo of the major types of EO data web service systems, including architecture, service pattern and standards. The concepts, development and implementation of the EO Sensor Web were reviewed. Furthermore, we analysed the requirements on the architecture of the next-generation EO Sensor Web system, namely Spaceborne-Airborne-Ground integrated Intelligent EO Sensor Web system, and highlighted the virtualization, intelligent, pervasive and active development tendency of such system.     

航空数字摄影测量传感器系统新进展

近些年来,随着数字成像技术的快速发展,大幅面框幅式数字航空成像系统和机载三线阵成像系统正得到迅速推广和应用,本文根据数字成像系统的新特点及国内外主要研究方向,参考第21届国际摄影测量与遥感大会中关于该专题的49篇文章,对航空数字成像系统的数据处理与系统集成、Leica ADS40系统、VEXCEL/Microsoft UltraCamD/UltraCamX系统、Intergraph DMC系统、无人机（UAV）数字航空成像系统等研究方向进行了总结。     

不同格式 ASCII 数据流解析方法研究

NMEA协议是为了全球定位系统（GPS）导航设备中建立统一的海事无线电技术委员会（RTCM）标准,是由美国国家海洋电子协会（NMEA）制定的一套国际通用的ASCII数据格式。目前很多无线通讯设备接口及通讯协议都遵循NMEA-0183格式。本文通过串口通信中ASCII实时数据流的格式介绍,对实时数据流解析方法进行了研究,并基于VC＋＋2008编写了解析不同格式ASCII数据流解析程序,为卫星导航定位中实时数据的正确获取提供一定帮助。     

Monitoring permeable paver runoff with an open-innovation geospatial sensor network

Sensor networks are an essential tool for environmental scientists. As scientists and engineers are beginning to utilize these new methods and devices in their fieldwork, they need to be actively involved in the future of sensor-networking development. Continued sensor network innovation is important for improved standardization, affordability, and interoperability. This article uses a storm water case study to outline an end-to-end open-innovation sensor network. Open innovation by scientists, engineers, and entities is the collaborative process of creating value for this project in permeable paver runoff data and advances within sensor networking. This article focuses on the technical implementation of the near–real-time location and temporally aware sensor network. Data are streamed in near–real-time with subliter precision to the cloud using common off-the-shelf routers. The sensors use Maxim's 1-wire? protocol, and the unique digital serial numbers confirm the data. The data retrieved compare residence times within the permeable paver catchment basins and the control basin. Sensor network advances are made by bridging the gap between sensor protocols and communication systems. These advances enable the development of open-source representational state transfer web services. Our successful implementation serves as an example for others to study and expand upon for a variety of monitoring solutions.     

A Task Ontology Driven Approach for Live Geoprocessing in a Service‐Oriented Environment

In a service‐oriented environment, Web geoprocessing services can provide geoprocessing functions for a variety of applications including Sensor Web. Connecting Sensor Web and geoprocessing services together shows great potentail to support live geoprocessing using real‐time data inputs. This article proposes a task ontology driven approach to live geoprocessing. The task in the ontology contains five aspects: task type, task priority, task constraints, task model, and task process. The use of the task ontology in driving live geoprocessing includes the following steps: (1) Task model generation, which generates a concrete process model to fulfill user demands; (2) Process model instantiation, which transforms the process model into an executable workflow; (3) Workflow execution: the workflow engine executes the workflow to generate value‐added data products using Sensor Web data as inputs. The approach not only helps create semantically correct connections between Sensor Web and Web geoprocessing services, but also provides sharable problem solving knowledge using process models. A prototype system, which leverages Web 2.0, Sensor Web, Semantic Web, and geoprocessing services, is developed to demonstrate the applicability of the approach.     

A RESTful proxy and data model for linked sensor data

Abstract

The vision of a Digital Earth calls for more dynamic information systems, new sources of information, and stronger capabilities for their integration. Sensor networks have been identified as a major information source for the Digital Earth, while Semantic Web technologies have been proposed to facilitate integration. So far, sensor data are stored and published using the Observations & Measurements standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) as data model. With the advent of Volunteered Geographic Information and the Semantic Sensor Web, work on an ontological model gained importance within Sensor Web Enablement (SWE). In contrast to data models, an ontological approach abstracts from implementation details by focusing on modeling the physical world from the perspective of a particular domain. Ontologies restrict the interpretation of vocabularies toward their intended meaning. The ongoing paradigm shift to Linked Sensor Data complements this attempt. Two questions have to be addressed: (1) how to refer to changing and frequently updated data sets using Uniform Resource Identifiers, and (2) how to establish meaningful links between those data sets, that is, observations, sensors, features of interest, and observed properties? In this paper, we present a Linked Data model and a RESTful proxy for OGC's Sensor Observation Service to improve integration and inter-linkage of observation data for the Digital Earth.