On the wave damping due to a permeable seabed

Laboratory experiments were performed to study the wave damping induced by a porous bed. During the propagation of waves over a porous medium the wave characteristics change: a significant wave height attenuation of about 20–30% is observed and, in almost all cases, an increase in wavelength. The wave decay is found to depend on the wave characteristics like the wave height, the wavelength and the wave shape. We have also studied the influence of the geometric properties of the porous bed (i.e. thickness and length) on the wave dissipation. It is found that the attenuation of the wave height increases with the permeable bed thickness and that there is a maximum wave dissipation for a length of the porous seabed equal to 2.0–2.5 times the wavelength. A comparison is also made of our findings with available literature results. A parametric study of the wave damping has been performed by varying the values of the resistance coefficients derived by both literature and experiments. Literature analytical models have been applied by using the resistance coefficients that better describe our flow conditions. All models in use underpredict the observed wave attenuation for any sensible values of the resistance coefficients.     

Standing wave induced pore pressures in a porous seabed

Incident waves reflecting normally from a breakwater produce standing waves; they are more conducive in terms of scouring of the seabed than the action of progressive waves. Employing Biot's theory of consolidation, the pore pressure response within a porous seabed induced by the standing wave is analytically presented. Experiments for the response are also conducted in a wave flume. Unlike the progressive wave, the variation of standing-wave induced soil response is temporal and spatial. The theories compare well with the experiments.     

渗透海床上矩形Bragg防波堤对波浪反射的研究

与海床不可渗透的情况相比,波浪在可渗透海床上传播时会发生波能衰减。本文将基于可渗透海床上一维修正型缓坡方程,建立方程求解的有限差分模型。将通过与不可渗透海床上矩形Bragg防波堤对波浪反射系数解析解的对比,验证有限差分模型的正确性和适用性。将进一步研究海床可渗透情况下,海床的渗透性参数、坝体的相对宽度、数量、浸没度对波浪反射系数的影响及其与海床不可渗透情况下的差异。本文研究发现,Bragg共振发生时的反射系数随坝体数量的增多而增大,随海床渗透性参数和坝体浸没度的增大而减小,并且存在一个坝体相对宽度值会使Bragg共振反射达到最大。相较于海床不可渗透的情况,发生Bragg共振反射的波浪频率几乎相同,但反射系数减小,而且零反射（或全透射）现象不再存在。     

The numerical study of wave-induced pore water pressure response in highly permeable seabed

The coupling numerical model of wave interaction with porous medium is used to study waveinduced pore water pressure in high permeability seabed.In the model,the wave field solver is based on the two dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations with a k-ε closure,and Forchheimer equations are adopted for flow within the porous media.By introducing a Velocity-Pressure Correction equation for the wave flow and porous flow,a highly efficient coupling between the two flows is implemented.The numerical tests are conducted to study the effects of seabed thickness,porosity,particle size and intrinsic permeability coefficient on regular wave and solitary wave-induced pore water pressure response.The results indicate that,as compared with regular wave-induced,solitary wave-induced pore water pressure has larger values and stronger action on seabed with different parameters.The results also clearly show the flow characteristics of pore water flow within seabed and water wave flow on seabed.The maximum pore water flow velocities within seabed under solitary wave action are higher than those under regular wave action.     

高阶边界元方法求解规则波在三维局部渗透海床上的传播

基于线性势流理论,利用高阶边界元法研究了规则波在三维局部渗透海床上的传播。根据Darcy渗透定律推导出渗透海床的控制方程,利用渗透海床顶部和海底处法向速度和压强连续条件得到渗透海床顶部满足的边界条件。根据绕射理论,利用满足自由水面条件的格林函数建立了求解渗透海床绕射势的边界积分方程,采用高阶边界元方法求解边界积分方程进而得到自由水面的绕射势和波浪在局部渗透海床上传播过程中幅值的变化情况。通过与已发表的波浪对圆柱形暗礁的时域全绕射结果对比,证明了本文建立的频域方法计算波幅的正确性和有效性。利用这一模型研究了三维矩形渗透海床区域上波浪的传播特性,并分析了入射波波长、海床渗透特性系数等参数对波浪传播的影响。     

波浪在局部可渗透水平海床上传播的解析解

本文建立了波浪在局部可渗透水平海床上传播的解析解,并研究了波浪在局部可渗透海床上的透射、反射问题。研究中将计算域划分为4个区域,中间区域为流域,海底可渗透,其下区域为多孔介质海床,左右两个区域也为流域,但海底不可渗透。应用线性波浪理论,建立了各流域包含非传播模态的速度势表达式,给出了海床内部的压强表达式,并利用交界面上匹配条件,求解了表达式中的待定系数。基于该解析模型,探讨了海床渗透系数、相对水深、渗透海床长度对波浪传播变形的影响。结果表明,波高沿程衰减,强度随渗透系数、渗透海床长度的增加以及相对水深的减小而变大;局部可渗透海床会引起波浪的反射和透射,随着海床长度的增加,反射系数振荡变化,并最终趋于常数,透射系数指数衰减,并最终趋于0。     

Analytical solutions for the steady-state seepage field in a finite seabed with a lined tunnel

Abstract

Analytical solutions for the steady-state seepage field in a finite seabed under homogeneous and isotropic conditions with a drained circular lined tunnel are developed. A numerical model is established using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to verify the solutions presented in this study, and strong agreement is found. A parameter analysis considering the seabed thickness, coefficient of permeability, tunnel burial depth and lining thickness is presented. The results indicate that the error induced by ignoring the thickness of the seabed cannot be neglected when the tunnel is close to the bottom of the seabed.     

Scattering of water wave by a submerged horizontal plate and a submerged permeable breakwater

Based on a two-dimensional linear water wave theory, this study develops the boundary element method (BEM) to examine normally incident wave scattering by a fixed, submerged, horizontal, impermeable plate and a submerged permeable breakwater in water of finite depth. Numerical results for the transmission coefficients are also presented. In addition, the numerical technique's accuracy is demonstrated by comparing the numerical results with previously published numerical and experimental ones. According to that comparison, the transmission coefficient relies not only on the submergence of the horizontal impermeable plate and the height of the permeable breakwater, but also on the distance between horizontal plate and permeable breakwater. Results presented herein confirm that the transmission coefficient is minimum for the distance approximately equal to four times the water depth.     

Scattering of water wave by a submerged horizontal plate and a submerged permeable breakwater

Based on a two-dimensional linear water wave theory, this study develops the boundary element method (BEM) to examine normally incident wave scattering by a fixed, submerged, horizontal, impermeable plate and a submerged permeable breakwater in water of finite depth. Numerical results for the transmission coefficients are also presented. In addition, the numerical technique's accuracy is demonstrated by comparing the numerical results with previously published numerical and experimental ones. According to that comparison, the transmission coefficient relies not only on the submergence of the horizontal impermeable plate and the height of the permeable breakwater, but also on the distance between horizontal plate and permeable breakwater. Results presented herein confirm that the transmission coefficient is minimum for the distance approximately equal to four times the water depth.     

浅水非线性波作用下沙质底床孔隙水压力响应数值分析

近岸水深较浅,波浪具有较强的非线性,海床破坏与波浪作用下孔隙水压力的分布有着密切的关系。波浪场控制方程采用雷诺时均方程和k-ε紊流模型,入射波采用椭圆余弦波,采用PLIC-VOF法追踪自由表面;海床域以Biot动力固结理论为基础,建立了非线性波浪与海床相互作用的弱耦合数学模型,获得椭圆余弦波作用下沙质海床中孔隙水压力响应规律。计算结果表明,与线性波浪相比,浅水非线性波作用下沙质海床中孔隙水压力幅值增大非常显著。     

Ocean waves propagating over a porous seabed of finite thickness

In the past few decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to the phenomenon of wave-seabed interaction. However, conventional investigations for determining wave characteristics have been focused on the wave nonlinearity. On the other hand, most previous works have been only concerned with the seabed response under the wave pressure, which was obtained from the assumption of a rigid seabed. In this paper, the inertia forces and employing a complex wave number are considered in the whole problem. Based on Biot’s poro-elastic theory, the problem of wave-seabed interaction is first treated analytically for a homogeneous bed of finite thickness and a new wave dispersion relationship is also obtained, in which the soil characteristics are included. The numerical results indicate that the effects of soil parameters significantly affect the wave characteristics (such as the damping of water wave, wave length and wave pressure). Furthermore, the effects of inertia forces on the wave-induced seabed response cannot always be ignored under certain combination of wave and soil conditions.     

Wave reflection from a vertical permeable wave absorber

A theoretical solution for the reflection of linear shallow-water waves from a vertical porous wave absorber on a horizontal bottom is presented. Periodic solutions are matched at the front face of the absorber by assuming continuity of pressure and mass. The friction term describing the energy loss inside the absorber is linearized and, by using Lorentz principle of equivalent work, the reflection coefficient is determined as a function of parameters describing the incoming waves and the absorber characteristics.     

海底载流管道轴对称波频散特性分析

海底载流管道是典型的土-固-液三相耦合问题.利用Flügge壳体运动方程,结合弹性动力学方程,建立海底载流管道轴对称运动时的频散方程,分析自由振动波的性质及其随频率变化的规律.结果表明管道周围的土壤介质对其自由振动波的传播特性影响显著,而土壤介质刚度的增大使得自由振动波的截止频率随之增加.     

Wave-induced seabed response in shallow water

To simulate the wave-induced response of coupled pore fluids and a solid skeleton in shallow water, a set of solutions with different formulations (fully dynamic, partly dynamic, and quasi-static) corresponding to each soil behavior assumption is presented. To deal with Jacobian elliptic functions involved in the cnoidal theory, a Fourier series approximation is adopted for expanding the boundary conditions on the seabed surface. The parametric study indicates the significant effect of nonlinearity for shallow water wave, which also enhances the effect of soil characteristics. The investigation of the applicability of reduced formulations reveals the necessity of a partly or even fully dynamic formulation for the wave-induced seabed response problem in shallow water, especially for thickened seabed. The analysis of liquefaction in the seabed indicates that the maximum depth of liquefaction is shallower, and the width of liquefaction is broader under cnoidal wave loading. The present analytical model can provide more reasonable result for the wave-induced seabed response in the range of shallow water wave.     

The effects of a porous-elastic seabed on interfacial wave propagation

A theoretical model for the decay of progressive interfacial gravity waves propagating above a porous bed is developed assuming potential flow in a two-layer system with a free surface and a sharp interface. A new wave dispersion relation for two-layer flow above a quasi-static porous seabed is derived and investigated. The solutions for the nonlinear wave profile are derived using a perturbation method and the effects of geometric and flow parameters including bed characteristics, depth ratios and the densities of the two fluids are studied and discussed. Comparisons with existing analytical solutions for viscous interfacial wave attenuation over a rigid bed demonstrate the relative importance of the porous bed as a mechanism for wave decay. It is shown that the influence of a porous seabed on wave propagation is significant when the depth of the lower layer, normalised by the wavenumber, is less than π.     

Spatial and temporal variation process of seabed dynamic response induced by the internal solitary wave

Internal solitary wave(ISW) is often accompanied by huge energy transport, which will change the pore water pressure in the seabed. Based on the two-dimensional Biot consolidation theory, the excess pore water pressure in seabed was simulated, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of excess pore water pressure was studied. As the parameters of both ISW and seabed can affect the excess pore water pressure, the distribution of pore water pressure showed both dissipation and phase lag...     

浅地层剖面资料处理中的地层厚度校正（英文）

浅地层剖面测量是海洋工程勘察、灾害地质调查和大陆架海洋地质科学研究的重要手段,资料解译的准确程度将对地质调查和研究成果的可靠性造成直接影响。由于发收分置型浅地层剖面仪的激发装置与接收装置是分开的,当调查区域的水深过浅时,将其近似为自激自收的单道地震系统会导致地层的畸变,水深越浅地层畸变率越大。根据浅地层剖面仪的基本原理,推导出了浅部地层厚度畸变校正公式,为用C-View软件更准确地解译此类浅地层剖面资料提供了参考。海底沉积物的声速直接影响浅地层剖面地层厚度解译的准确性,利用卢博等建立的适用于中国东南近海的声速经验公式,在某人工岛构造调查中,根据地质钻孔获取的孔隙度参数计算各沉积层的平均声速,建立相应的声速结构剖面,对地层厚度进行校正,取得较好的效果,用孔隙度预测声速的方法参数容易获取,能够提高浅地层剖面资料的解译精度,使地层的厚度更接近于实际,具有一定的实用意义。     

Comparison of existing poroelastic models for wave damping in a porous seabed

Mechanism of wave–seabed interaction has been extensively studied by coastal geotechnical engineers in recent years. Numerous poro-elastic models have been proposed to investigate the mechanism of wave propagation on a seabed in the past. The existing poro-elastic models include drained model, consolidation model, Coulomb-damping model, and full dynamic model. However, to date, the difference between the existing models is unclear. In this paper, the fully dynamic poro-elastic model for the wave–seabed interaction will be derived first. Then, the existing models will be reduced from the proposed fully dynamic model. Based on the numerical comparisons, the applicable range of each model is also clarified for the engineering practice.     

Stability analysis on a porous seabed under wave and current loadings

The stability of a porous seabed under wave and current loadings is particularly important for engineers to design marine structures such as submarine pipelines, breakwaters, and offshore platform foundations. Most previous investigations of dynamic response of marine structures and seabed have only considered the influence of wave loading, but the important influence of current is ignored. Even if the influence of current is considered, the interaction mechanism of both loadings has not been clearly elaborated. Based on the Biot’s dynamic theory and combined two-dimensional nonlinear progressive wave and uniform current theory, the interaction mechanism of wave and current loadings and the influence of current on wave characteristic are analyzed by numerical computations. The influence of current velocity, different permeability, and stratification in seabed on the effective stresses and pore pressures of seabed is discussed in detail. Further, the stability of seabed is evaluated through the liquefaction analysis of seabed, which will provide important reference frames to improve the design and construction of marine structures.