斜坡地基刚性桩水平承载力上限分析

为探讨斜坡地基刚性桩水平极限承载力的计算方法,介绍柔性桩的等效刚性桩有效嵌入深度并引入极限水平地基反力分布形式。根据荷载指向坡外及坡内两种情况,提出适用于斜坡地基桩前土体的两种极限破坏模式。然后,基于极限分析上限定理,推导出两种荷载方向下的刚性桩极限承载力,并引入多组现场试验,验证了理论方法的合理性。探讨了边坡坡角、内摩擦角、黏聚力及荷载方向对极限承载力的影响,得出了一些规律性结论,并基于以上分析结果,提出斜坡地基刚性桩水平极限承载力随坡角变化的拟合公式。这些分析为斜坡地基上基桩设计提供了一定的参考,具有理论及工程应用价值。     

Seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations near rock slopes using the generalized Hoek–Brown criterion

The seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations resting on a modified Hoek–Brown rock mass is investigated within the framework of the kinematic approach of limit analysis theory. The analysis focuses on evaluating the reduction in bearing capacity induced by seismic loading and by the proximity of a rock slope. A pseudo‐static approach is adopted to account for the earthquake effects for the seismic bearing capacity evaluations. At the rock material level, the closed‐form expressions previously obtained for the support functions of the rock failure criterion allow the implementation of different failure mechanisms families, and thus to derive rigorous upper bounds estimates of the load‐bearing capacity in both static and seismic conditions. The effects of geometrical, strength and loading parameters are assessed through a large number of parametric computations. Finally, design tables are presented for practical use in rock engineering. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

各向异性损伤对地基承载力影响分析

应用耦合损伤的滑移线法,求解平面应变条件下的极限荷载问题,推导出考虑各向异性损伤的平面应变问题应力场的滑移线解,针对平顶钝角楔体极限荷载的滑移线场进行了详细推导,绘出滑移线场图,推导出极限荷载的公式,分析了各向异性损伤对浅基础极限荷载的影响,即损伤对地基承载力系数Nq影响很大;损伤越大,地基承载力系数Nq值越小,且随着D1,D2的增加,Nq越接近最小值。     

浅基础竖向极限承载力的可靠度分析

结合各种地基土的原始载荷板试验资料,用太沙基理论公式、汉森理论公式和魏西克理论公式进行了浅基础极限承载力的计算,对计算模式的不确定性、土性固有的变异性及由其引起的极限承载力的不确定性等进行了研究;根据以上计算结果,计算了各类地基土承载力的可行度指标;结合上部结构的荷载标准及分项系数,计算了各类地基土承载力的分项系数。     

Seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footings

Seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footings in soil has been obtained in the form of pseudo-static seismic bearing capacity factors N_cd, N_qd and N_d, denoting the cohesion, surcharge and unit weight components, respectively, by an extensive numerical iteration technique. Limit equilibrium method of analysis with composite failure surface is assumed. The validity of the principle of superposition is examined. Effects of both the horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients have been found to always reduce the ultimate bearing capacity significantly. Results obtained by the present method of analysis are compared with the available results and are found to be the least in the seismic case.     

方形和圆形基础地基极限承载力分析

通过对方形和圆形基础地基极限承载力的经验公式、理论解、静载荷试验结果进行对比分析,得到下列结论：对于砂性土,经验公式和理论解的计算结果明显偏小;对于粘性土,Vesic经验公式的计算结果更接近静载荷试验结果;李伟理论解适合于软粘性土,而周中理论解适合于高强度的粘性土。     

试论粉喷桩地基承载力计算

本文就粉喷桩在地其中的作用进行了分析,求得复合地基与群桩效应间的关系和一些有益的结论,并对粉喷桩的最佳尺度及负摩擦等问题提出了建议。     

The effect of strength anisotropy on the bearing capacity of spudcan foundations

The vertical bearing capacity of spudcan foundations in strength anisotropic soils is investigated numerically using the MIT-S1 model implemented in the AFENA finite element package. The model in AFENA is validated against existing laboratory test data of normally consolidated soil. The bearing capacities of spudcans in soils with isotropic and anisotropic strengths are compared. Soil with isotropic strength is simulated using an elasto-plastic model. It is found that the bearing capacity of a spudcan in an anisotropic soil is reduced by about 9% for a rough spudcan and 3% for a smooth spudcan on average. There is a combined effect of soil anisotropy and spudcan roughness on the spudcan bearing capacity. Moreover, the effect of the pressuremeter strength of an anisotropic soil on foundation capacity can’t be ignored.     

Long-term dynamic bearing capacity of shallow foundations on a contractive cohesive soil

The calculation of the long-term dynamic bearing capacity arises from the need to consider the generation of maximum pore-water pressure developed from a cyclic load. Under suitable conditions, a long-term equilibrium situation would be reached, when pore-water pressures stabilized. However, excess pore-water pressure generation can lead to cyclic softening. Consequently, it is necessary to define both the cohesion and the internal friction angle to calculate the dynamic bearing capacity of a foundation in the long term, being necessary to incorporate the influence of the self-weight of soil and therefore the width of the foundation. The present work is based on an analysis of the results of cyclic simple shear tests on soil samples from the port of El Prat in Barcelona. From these experimental data, a pore-water pressure generation formulation was obtained that was implemented in FLAC2D finite difference software. A methodology was developed for the calculation of the maximum cyclic load that a footing can resist before the occurrence of the cyclic softening. The type of soil studied is a contractive cohesive soil, which generates positive pore-water pressures. As a numerical result, design charts have been developed for long-term dynamic bearing capacity calculation and the charts were validated with the application of a real case study.

     

倾斜荷载作用下层状非均质地基的极限承载力

通过一定的室内模型试验对倾斜荷载作用下层状非均匀地基的极限承载力进行了试验研究.引入荷载倾斜影响系数,对于层状非均质地基的极限承载力计算公式进行了修正,给出了倾斜荷载作用下的地基极限承载力计算公式.根据模型试验结果,对所建立的计算公式进行验证.结果表明,对于倾斜荷载作用下的层状非均匀地基,根据修正后的Meyerhof承载力公式所得到的计算结果能够较好地与试验结果吻合.     

Calculation of seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip foundations using the cell-based smoothed finite element method

This paper adopts an upper bound procedure using the cell-based smoothed finite element method (CS-FEM) to estimate the seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footings, focussing on seismic soil-structure interactions. In simulations, soil behaviour is assumed as the Mohr–Coulomb material, and increment of plasticity deformation obeys the associated flow rule. The first step of the numerical procedure involves approximating the kinematically admissible displacement fields using the cell-based smoothed finite element method, while the second relates to the establishments of the optimization problem as the conic programming. The inclusion of seismic conditions in the simulations was made using the pseudo-static approach. Initially, three seismic bearing capacity factors were resolved for both smooth and rough foundations by including horizontal and vertical inertia forces caused by the soil weight, the superstructure and the surcharge in the analyses. All seismic bearing capacity components obtained are in excellent agreement with those obtained using the method of characteristics and other finite element analyses. Subsequently, the reduction coefficients that correlate static and seismic bearing capacity factors were computed to facilitate the seismic design of the foundation.

     

软土中桶型基础水平循环承载力的模型试验

利用真空预压方法制备了一个大尺寸软黏土模型试验土池,进行了不同竖向静荷载与水平循环荷载共同作用下软土中单桶基础承载力的模型试验,研究了竖向静荷载与水平循环荷载对基础承载力的影响。结果表明,基础的水平循环承载力小于静承载力;导致基础破坏的循环荷载与循环次数取决于竖向静荷载。竖向静荷载越大,与同一循环破坏次数对应的循环荷载就越小。依据模型试验土的循环强度变化关系,采用弹塑性有限元计算方法对模型试验进行了数值模拟,计算与试验结果基本吻合,表明可以依据软黏土的循环强度变化关系,通过弹塑性有限元数值计算评价软土地基中桶型基础的水平循环承载力。     

港口工程中非均质层状地基承载力计算方法

在深水码头、防浪堤等大型港口工程建设中常常会遇到构筑物下覆地基由非均质的层状土构成的情况。对于这类非均质层状地基,我国港口工程地基规范推荐采用Hansen 61公式、Hansen 69公式和Sokolovskii数值解法3种方法计算地基的极限承载能力。然而,工程实践中由这3种方法计算得出的地基极限承载力数值往往有较大的差别。考虑到规范的继承性,基于牛顿迭代法,针对3个理论计算公式编制了计算程序,根据长江口深水治理二期工程地质实测资料,运用该计算程序对该地区地基的极限承载能力进行了计算比较。计算结果表明,对于非均质层状地基,在相同地质条件、相同荷载条件下Sokolovskii数值解法得到的承载力数值最大,Hansen 69公式得到的承载力数值最小。     

软粘土地基上循环承载力的计算模型研究

分析了海洋平台基础受到静荷载和循环荷载作用时地基土体的应力状态,对循环荷载作用下计算软土地基的承载力的计算方法进行了研究.在循环三轴试验得出的计算土单元循环强度模型的基础上,提出一种计算软土地基循环承载力的拟静力弹塑性模型,以桶形基础为例,对软粘土地基的循环承载力进行了计算分析.     

Distinct element simulation of ultimate bearing capacity in jointed rock foundations

In this paper, distinct element method numerical modeling is applied to evaluate bearing capacity of strip footing rested on anisotropic discontinuous rock mass. As yet, a little work has been carried out to investigate the effect of joint set orientation on the bearing capacity of rock mass. Generally, the overall behavior of rock mass under loading is very complicated and such analysis should include deformation determination, sliding along discontinuities and failure of rock material. Failure mechanism of rock mass depended on both geometrical parameters of joint sets and strength parameters of rock mass. In this research, it is assumed that rock mass contains one joint set, and therefore the anisotropy in bearing capacity and rock behavior is only due to the existence and orientation of the joint set. In this study, by assuming constant strength parameters and using Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion for the single joint set and nonlinear Hoek–Brown failure criterion for rock material, variation of the bearing capacity values and the type of failure mechanism of rock mass with different joint set dips is investigated. The obtained results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of rock mass containing one joint set varies between 27 and 86 % of intact rock.     

深层搅拌复合地基的极限承载力预测模型探讨

分析了确定复合地基承载力的现况。根据收集到的复合地基承载力检测资料,用双曲线模型、指数模型、灰色模型对复合地基极限承载力进行了预测,并对模型的预测效果进行了分析对比,提出了适合天津市区复合地基的极限承载力预测模型。对预测值进行了修正。根据预测值建立了极限承载力和承载力特征值的关系。     

剪胀角对地基承载力的影响

采用有限元强度“折减”的基本原理,给出了地基承载力确定的数值模拟方法,并讨论了剪胀性材料的地基承载力与材料剪胀角的变化关系。算例表明,地基承载力随剪胀角的增大而增大。因此,求解地基承载力时,需要考虑剪胀角的影响。     

统一强度理论在地基承载力确定中的应用研究

基于统一强度理论,考虑中间主应力对地基承载力的影响,给出了静止侧压力系数 条件下的地基临塑与临界荷载公式。结合实例,对基于统一强度理论和Mohr-Coulomb准则的地基承载力计算结果进行了对比分析。新的理论公式更为确切地反映了地基承载力的实质,有利于地基土体强度的充分发挥。基于河北境内177组不同土质地基的土性指标及载荷试验资料的统计分析,对中间主应力系数b的取值进行了深入细致的探讨,研究表明,对于粉土及黏性土地基,b的取值范围在0～0.5之间变化,理论计算所得地基承载力特征值与载荷试验实测值间的相对误差一般不超过5%     

吸力式沉箱基础极限拉拔承载力的数值分析

作为新型的深水海洋基础型式,吸力式沉箱基础被广泛地用于系泊深水海洋设施中,从而承受巨大的倾斜上拔荷载。在上拔荷载水平分量与竖向分量的共同作用下,吸力式沉箱的承载特性及其工作性能评价是海洋工程设计与建设中的关键技术问题之一。然而现有的理论分析与试验研究并不能满足工程实践的需要,因此,对吸力式沉箱基础的极限承载力分析建立了有限元数值计算方法。当沉箱基础在快速拔出过程中,正常固结黏土处于完全不排水状态,沉箱基础发生整体破坏时表现出反向地基承载力失稳模式,此时沉箱基础所发挥的极限承载能力往往最大。为此,在数值计算中直接假定沉箱基础及其周围土体处于完全不排水状态,针对不同的沉箱长径比,分别确定了在竖向上拔荷载和水平拉拔的单独作用下沉箱基础极限承载力。对比发现：竖向上拔极限承载力有限元解能够较好地与理论计算结果相符合,而水平极限承载力解与理论计算结果存在一定的差异。     

CFG桩复合地基承载力可靠度分析

利用可靠度理论对从国内收集到的25组CFG桩复合地基承载力试验数据进行了概率统计处理。借助无量纲计算模式,计算不同载荷组合下CFG桩复合地基承载力的可靠度指标,并分析了各随机变量对可靠度指标的影响程度。为评价常 用经验公式 的可靠性提供一定的参考。