白云鄂博的氟碳钡铈矿

氟碳钡铈矿(Cordylite)BaCe₂(CO₃)₃ F₂本世纪初首先发现于格陵兰纳尔萨尔苏克(Narssarssuk)的碱性正长伟晶岩脉中,与霓石、氟碳铈钙矿、柱星叶石和碳锶铈矿共生。1965年该矿物又发现于我国白云鄂博西矿区热液交代的元古代白云岩中。1975年,加拿大魁北克省圣赫莱山(Mont st. Hilaire,Quebec)的霞石正长岩中的伟晶岩脉中也发现了这一矿物,它与方沸石、霓石和钠闪石共生。     

钡-稀土氟碳酸盐族矿物的研究

近几年来,在我国先后发现了一系列钡-稀土氟碳酸盐族矿物——黄河矿、氟碳钡铈矿和氟碳铈钡矿,其中氟碳铈钡矿为最近在我国发现的一种新矿物。本族矿物,由于非常稀少,自1900年G.弗林克(Flink)于格陵兰南部纳萨苏克(Narsarsuk)的碱性伟晶岩中     

氟碳铈钡矿——一种稀土和钡的氟碳酸盐的新矿物

已经知道的稀土和钡的氟碳酸盐矿物有氟碳钡铈矿和黄河矿。1984年在我国某地发现了另一种含稀土和钡的氟碳酸盐矿物,其化学成分和物理性质都与氟碳钡铈矿和黄河矿不同,是一种新的矿物。根据其化学成分命名为氟碳铈钡矿。该矿物不仅具有一定的工业意义,而且也丰富了TRCO3F—BaCO8系列的矿物学内容。     

对于氟碳钡铈矿（Cordylite—Ce）成分与结构的质疑

本文讨论了氟碳钡铈矿的成分和结构问题。发现氟碳钡铈矿的成分、密度、折射率三者间的一致性参数很差,晶体结构与光性和空间群相矛盾,单个大阳离子的平均占有体积远大于同类矿物的平均占有体积,它的晶体结构与同类矿物不可类比。由于受当时条件的限制,在以往有关氟碳钡铈矿的成分和结构的资料中存在着一些明显的错误,有必要对其进行重新定义。其结构化学式应改为:(Na_(1-x),Ca_(0·5x))BaCe_2(CO_3)_4F。     

霓辉石脉中的铀钍矿物特征

近年来,我们在川西南地区的霓辉石脉、霓辉石正长岩脉、石英正长霓辉石脉以及碱性煌斑岩脉中,发现了一些少见的铀钍矿物。其中斜方钛铀矿为国内外首次发现,另外方铀钍石、铀钛磁铁矿、晶形十分完整的钍石、铈铀钛铁矿,含铀铈磷灰石、含铀氟碳铈矿、含铀氟碳铈镧矿等也是不常见的铀钍矿物及稀土矿物。该区矿化岩石的种类较多,本文着重介绍霓辉石脉中的铀钍矿物——方铀钍石的特征。     

三方晶系直氟碳钙铈矿在我国的发现及其透射电…

运用透射电镜方法，在山东郗山稀土矿床的钙－铈氟碳酸盐系列矿物中发现了三方晶系直氟碳钙铈矿的存在，其晶胞参数为α＝０．７１２ｎｍ，ｃ＝５．６１６ｎｍ，衍射符号为３ｍＲ－ｃ－。通过与加拿大魁北克某矿区产出的单斜晶系的直氟碳钙铈矿的对比研究，确认为本矿区产出的直氟碳钙铈矿为其同质二象变体。     

结构矿物学的新成果

五、无水碳酸盐矿物结构中阳离子有序—无序问题本文讨论与CaCO_3的各种同质多相变体(方解石、文石、球方解石)结构相关的无水碳酸盐矿物.近年来,在我国找到了几乎所有的已知的这类矿物,并且发现了几种新矿物(黄河矿、氟碳钸钡矿、中华镁矿、大青山矿)和新变种(富锶的文石、富锶的本斯顿石、富镍的菱镁矿(河西矿).对这些矿物都作过X射线研究,测定了钡解石、大青山矿、黄河矿、氟碳钸钡矿、碳钸钠石、Doverite的晶     

三方晶系直氟碳钙铈矿在我国的发现及其透射电镜研究

运用透射电镜方法，在山东郗山稀土矿床的钙－铈氟碳酸盐系列矿物中发现了三方晶系直氟碳钙铈矿（ｓｙｎｃｈｙｓｉｔｅ）的存在，其晶胞参数为ａ＝０．７１２ｎｍ，ｃ＝５．６１６ｎｍ，衍射符号为３ｍＲ－ｃ－．通过与加拿大魁北克某矿区产出的单斜晶系的直氟碳钙铈矿的对比研究，确认本矿区产出的直氟碳钙铈矿为其同质二象变体．     

钛铌钙铈矿的矿物学研究——碱性岩的特征矿物之一

由于地球化学条件的不同,各个地貭过程中常形成一些为它所特有的矿物,即特征矿物。这些矿物的詳細研究对于了解該地貭过程的矿物一地球化学作用有着首要的意义。钛妮鈣铈矿、异性石、閃叶石等等都为碱性岩(鈉貭火成岩)的特征矿物。钛妮鈣铈矿属鈣钛矿族,由于类貭同象的发育,本族矿物包括許多矿种,除鈣钛矿、钛妮鈣铈矿外,还有铈鈣钛矿、钛妮铁鈣矿、钛妮钍铈矿(伊林矿)、钛铌铈鈉矿等。本文准备就钛妮鈣铈矿及鈣钛矿-钛妮鈣铈矿族矿物学的某些問題作一些討論。 鈣钛矿、铈鈣钛矿可作为钛的資源,并順便利用其中的稀土元素。钛妮鈣钸矿則为铌、钽、钛、稀士(镧、铈、镨、钕)的綜合資源。这些元素的工业意义这里不必談了,应該指出的是这些矿物常在岩体中大面积出露,因而具有巨大的远景。此外这些矿物在砂矿中亦有富集。     

北祁连干沙鄂博稀土元素矿床地质和矿床地球化学特征

干沙鄂博稀土元素矿床位于北祁连造山带中段,是该地区唯一大型稀土元素矿床。矿体产于早泥盆世碱性岩体及其接触带中,围岩蚀变表现为霓长岩化、碳酸岩化和萤石化,矿石类型主要为霓辉正长岩型和霓辉正长斑岩型,矿物组合为氟碳钙铈矿+黄铜矿+霓辉石+钠长石+钠闪石+萤石+方解石。通过详细的岩相学和矿相学观察,划分出4个成矿期,包括岩浆成矿期(Ⅰ)、早期热液成矿期(Ⅱ)、晚期热液成矿期(Ⅲ)和表生成矿期(Ⅳ)。其中,早期热液成矿期为主成矿期,包括3个成矿阶段:霓石-钠长石-氟碳钙铈矿阶段(Ⅱ_1)、钠闪石-氟碳钙铈矿阶段(Ⅱ_2)、霓石-方解石-氟碳钙铈矿阶段(Ⅱ_3)。脉石矿物石英的δ~(18)O值为7.3‰～11.3‰,δD值为-89.4‰～-68.8‰,δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)值为-10.5‰～-7.9‰,表明成矿流体以岩浆热液为主,有大气降水的参与。矿石中硫化物δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值介于-7.1‰～-1.3‰之间,平均-4.4‰,总硫同位素δ~(34)S_(ΣS)为-3.9‰;矿石硫化物铅同位素组成基本一致,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb比值分别为18.417～18.524、15.637～15.769和38.425～38.863,与矿区早泥盆世含矿碱性岩体岩石铅同位素组成十分相似,推测成矿物质主要来源于该碱性岩体。     

新矿物中华铈矿Ba2Ce(CO3)3F

新近发现一种含钡和稀土的氟碳酸盐矿物,经电子探针、矿物化学、X-射线粉品、X-射线能谱、电子衍射、扫瞄电予显微镜和透射电子显微镜等分析,偏光显微镜和反光显微镜光性鉴定,差热分析以及显微硬度、比重和其他物理性质测定,确定是一种新矿物。     

珍珠石矿物的研究

珍珠石(许冀泉、方邺森,1982)曾称为珍珠陶土,它是高岭石类矿物中的一种,与地开石、高岭石、7Å多水高岭石和10Å多水高岭石同属于1:1型层状硅酸盐矿物。在高岭土的矿物组成中,珍珠石是一种罕见的矿物。目前,在我国尚未报道过珍珠石的详细矿物学数据。本文中研究的样品,通过各种方法测出的数据,初步认为它们与标准珍珠石一致。     

Fluid infiltration during contact metamorphism of interbedded marble and calc-silicate hornfels, Twin Lakes area, central Sierra Nevada, California

Abstract In the Twin Lakes area, central Sierra Nevada, California, most contact metamorphosed marbles contain calcite + dolomite + forsterite ± diopside ± phlogopite ± tremolite, and most calc-silicate hornfelses contain calcite + diopside + wollastonite + quartz ± anorthite ± K-feldspar ± grossular ± titanite. Mineral-fluid equilibria involving calcite + dolomite + tremolite + diopside + forsterite in two marble samples and wollastonite + anorthite + quartz + grossular in three hornfels samples record P± 3 kbar and T± 630° C. Various isobaric univariant assemblages record CO₂-H₂O fluid compositions of χCO₂= 0.61–0.74 in the marbles and χCO₂= 0.11 in the hornfelses. Assuming a siliceous dolomitic limestone protolith consisting of dolomite + quartz ° Calcite ± K-feldspar ± muscovite ± rutile, all plausible prograde reaction pathways were deduced for marble and hornfels on isobaric T-XCO₂ diagrams in the model system K₂O-CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O-CO₂. Progress of the prograde reactions was estimated from measured modes and mass-balance calculations. Time-integrated fluxes of reactive fluid which infiltrated samples were computed for a temperature gradient of 150 °C/km along the fluid flow path, calculated fluid compositions, and estimated reaction progress using the mass-continuity equation. Marbles and hornfelses record values in the range 0.1–3.6 × 10⁴ cm³/cm² and 4.8–12.9 × 10⁴ cm³/cm², respectively. For an estimated duration of metamorphism of 10⁵ years, average in situ metamorphic rock permeabilities, calculated from Darcy's Law, are 0.1–8 × 10^?6 D in the marbles and 10–27 × 10^?6 D in the hornfelses. Reactive metamorphic fluids flowed up-temperature, and were preferentially channellized in hornfelses relative to the marbles. These results appear to give a general characterization of hydrothermal activity during contact metamorphism of small pendants and screens (dimensions ± 1 km or less) associated with emplacement of the Sierra Nevada batholith.     

Crystal Structure of Natural Non-metamict Ti- and Fe~(2+)-rich Chevkinite-(Ce)

1 Introduction Chevkinite groups can be assigned to the chevkinite-(Ce) subgroup and perrierite-(Ce) subgroup in accord with the angle β : β ≈ 100o for the chevkinite subgroup and β ≈ 113o for the perrierite subgroup. Chevkinite-(Ce), polykovite-(Ce) and Maoniupingite (new mineral No. 017 of 2003) belong to the former subgroup, while renjeite and matsubaraite belong to the latter group. As strontio-chevkinite is a Sr-analogue of perrierite, usually the natural chevkinite-(Ce) group min…     

四方铜金矿CuAu在我国发现

四方铜金矿产于新疆玛纳斯县清水河上游萨尔达拉含铂基性-超基性岩体中。岩体主要为暗绿色蛇纹石化斜辉辉橄岩,岩石化学成分多数为正常系列,少数为铝过饱和系列。岩体长9公里,宽140米,是一个向南倾斜的单斜岩墙。岩体侵入到泥盆系头苏泉组的黑灰色粉砂质板岩中。外接触带仅几十厘米到1米左右宽,以绿泥石化、绿帘石化、蛇纹石化为主,其次是碳酸岩化。内接触带有1米多宽,以蛇纹石化、透辉石化、透闪石化为主,个别地段有阳起石、透闪石软玉。     

Study on the Crystal of Daomanite

It was not possible to carry out a complete analyses of crystal, as the experiment by Ding and Shi et al.. It's analysis precision R=0.25 or more big than this, which value are not satisfied for single crystal study, but we through many test and found the best: [R(int)=14.5%]. The final fullmatix least-squares refinement on F2 converged to R1=0.0791 and wR2=0.1864 for 704 observed reflections [I 3 2s(I)]. Daomanite is orthorhombic system, space group Cmc21, a=3.7520(8))?, b=15.844(4) ?, c=5.8516(12) ?, α=β=γ=90°. V=347.86(14)?3, Z=4. Daomanite chemical formula is Cu Pt AsS 2. Idealized composition Me+M2+M2+S2=CuS ·PtA s S. There is no other similar mineral in the world.     

Standard thermodynamic data for Rhodochrosite from equilibrium decomposition curve

Hydrothermal equilibrium decomposition curve for MnCO₃⇌MnO + CO₂ in the total CO₂ pressure range of 100–1700 bars and temperature range of 500–800°C was studied. The standard thermodynamic data obtained are: ΔH⁰ _f= − 894.382 ± 0.74 kj/mol and ΔG⁰ _f = − 822.170 ± 0.74 kj/mol. These values are more negative than the reported calorimetric data.     

Hydroxylborite,Mg<Subscript>3</Subscript>(BO<Subscript>3</Subscript>)(OH)<Subscript>3</Subscript>, a new mineral species and isomorphous series fluoborite-hydroxylborite

Hydroxylborite, a new mineral species, an analogue of fluoborite with OH > F, has been found at the Titovsky deposit (57°41′N, 125°22′E), the Chersky Range, Dogdo Basin, Sakha-Yakutia Republic, Russia. Prismatic crystals of the new mineral are dominated by the {10\(\overline 1 \)0} faces without distinct end forms and reach (1?1.5) × (0.1?0.2) mm in size. Radial aggregates of such crystals occur in the mineralized marble adjacent to the boron ore (suanite-kotoite-ludwigite). Calcite, dolomite, Mg-rich ludwigite, kotoite, szaibelyite, clinohumite, magnetite, serpentine, and chlorite are associated minerals. Hydroxylborite is transparent colorless, with a white streak and vitreous luster. The new mineral is brittle. The Mohs’ hardness is 3.5. The cleavage is imperfect on {0001}. The density measured with equilibration in heavy liquids is 2.89(1) g/cm³; the calculated density is 2.872 g/cm³. The wave numbers of the absorption bands in the IR spectrum of hydroxylborite are (cm^?1; sh is shoulder): 3668, 1233, 824, 742, 630sh, 555sh, 450sh, and 407. The new mineral is optically uniaxial, negative, ω = 1.566(1), and ε = 1.531(1). The chemical composition (electron microprobe, H₂O measured with the Penfield method, wt %) is 18.43 B₂O₃, 65.71 MgO, 10.23 F, 9.73 H₂O, 4.31-O = F₂, where the total is 99.79. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 6 anions pfu is as follows: Mg_3.03B_0.98[(OH)_2.00F_1.00]O_3.00. Hydroxylborite is hexagonal, and the space group is P6₃/m. The unit-cell dimensions are: a = 8.912(8) Å, c = 3.112(4) Å, V = 214.05(26) ų, and Z = 2. The strongest reflections in the X-ray powder pattern [d, Å (I, %)(hkil)] are: 7.69(52)(01\(\overline 1 \)0), 4.45(82)(11\(\overline 2 \)0), 2.573(65)(03\(\overline 3 \)0), 2.422(100)(02\(\overline 2 \)1), and 2.128(60)(12\(\overline 3 \)1). The compatibility index 1 ? (K _p/K _c) is 0.038 (excellent) for the calculated density and 0.044 (good) for the measured density. The type material of hydroxylborite is deposited in the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (inventory number 91968) and the Geological Museum of the All-Russia Institute of Mineral Resources, Moscow (inventory number M-1663).     

High pressure single-crystal synthesis, structure and compressibility of the garnet Mn2+ 3Mn3+ 2[SiO4]3

Single crystals of the garnet Mn²⁺ ₃Mn³⁺ ₂[SiO₄]₃ and coesite were synthesised from MnO₂-SiO₂ oxide mixtures at 1000°C and 9 GPa in a multianvil press. The crystal structure of the garnet [space group Ia3¯d, a=11.801(2) Å] was refined at room temperature and 100 K from single-crystal X-ray data to R1=2.36% and R1=2.71%, respectively. In contrast to tetragonal Ca₃Mn³⁺ ₂[GeO₄]₃ (space group I4₁/a), the high-pressure garnet is cubic and does not display an ordered Jahn-Teller distortion of octahedral Mn³⁺. A disordered Jahn-Teller distortion either dynamic or static is evidenced by unusual high anisotropic displacement parameters. The room temperature structure is characterised by following bond lengths: Si-O=1.636(4) Å (tetrahedron), Mn³⁺-O=1.995 (4) Å (octahedron), Mn²⁺-O=2.280(5) and 2.409(4) Å (dodecahedron). The cubic structure was preserved upon cooling to 100 K [a=11.788(2) Å] and upon compressing up to 11.8 GPa in a diamond-anvil cell. Pressure variation of the unit cell parameter expressed by a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state led to a bulk modulus K ₀=151.6(8) GPa and its pressure derivatives K′=6.38(19). The peak positions of the Raman spectrum recorded for Mn²⁺ ₃Mn³⁺ ₂[SiO₄]₃ were assigned based on a calderite Mn²⁺ ₃Fe³⁺ ₂[SiO₄]₃ model extrapolated from andradite and grossular literature data.