安徽乔木湾地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿远景

乔木湾地区位于青阳—南陵县凹陷盆地南部,目前在该区及周边地区已发现金属矿床(点)十余处,具有良好的金、钨、铜、锑、银矿找矿潜力。在1∶5万乔木湾幅水系沉积物测量成果的基础上,以田屋—车山一带为研究区,对区内Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn等12种元素的地球化学特征进行研究。通过分析元素地球化学参数特征及元素组合特征,发现Au、Ag、Sb、Hg元素在研究区具有富集成矿的可能,为研究区主要成矿元素。在以Au为主的单元素异常的基础上,根据元素组合特征及异常特征,结合异常所处的成矿地质条件,共圈定6处地球化学综合异常,划分出4个找矿远景区,即车山找矿远景区、田屋找矿远景区、金山找矿远景区、栗阳找矿远景区,对远景区内的地质成矿条件进行了概述,为该区下一步找矿工作提供了重要依据。     

水系沉积物地球化学勘查在西藏松多幅的找矿应用

西藏松多地区位于冈底斯-念青唐古拉中生代、新生代铜钼金铁成矿带中的昂仁-南木林铁铜钼多金属成矿带.1/5万水系沉积物扫面成果显示,该区是铜、铅、锌、银、钨、钼等矿产的有利成矿区.依据元素相关性、空间分布特征和主要指示元素种类,划分出Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Sn元素组合、Cu-Au-W-Pb-Zn-Ag-Cd元素组合及Cu-Zn-Sn为主的元素组合等3个组合类型,并指出了元素组合异常内寻找的矿种和矿床类型,即铜多金属斑岩型、构造热液型.通过异常查证,发现了果夏弄铜铅锌多金属矿点及果夏弄南铜矿点等多处矿点,找矿成果明显,为该区找矿指明了方向.     

Geochemical controls on lead concentrations in stream water and sediments

The equilibrium distribution of lead in solution and adsorbed on cation exchange sites in sediment theoretically may be calculated from equations representing selectivities of substrate for lead over H⁺, Ca²⁺ and Na⁺, and the stabilities of lead solute species. Such calculations include consideration of total concentrations of major ions, cation exchange capacity (CEC) of substrate, and pH, at values expected in various natural systems. Measurements of CEC and selectivity coefficients were made for synthetic halloysite, a finely divided amorphous 1:1 clay prepared by precipitation from a mixture of solutions of aluminum and silica. Where suspended sediment having the same properties is present in concentrations of 10-1,000 mg/1 at pH 6–8, more than 90% of the lead present can be adsorbed on sediment surfaces. The cation exchange behavior of lead and other minor cationic species in natural systems could be predicted by this type of model if enough other supporting information were available. Information of the type needed describing natural stream sediments, however, is presently inadequate for accurate predictions.     

青海省滩北雪峰地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿预测

文章基于滩北雪峰地区1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学测量数据,分析了元素富集特征,并通过因子分析、聚类分析确定了异常元素组合特征,在工区圈定地球化学综合异常24处。结合工区地质背景分析认为,区内Au、Ag、Cu、Ni、Pb找矿潜力较大,提出了3处成矿远景区：①莲花石沟北成矿远景区,以Au、Ni为主成矿元素,异常与地质、构造关系密切,是寻找与构造相关的金-铜镍多金属矿的有利地段;②小盆地成矿远景区,主要分布于古元古界金水口岩群地层区,异常构造关系密切,是寻找热液型金、铜矿的有利地区;③山间沟成矿远景区,含矿的主要地层为奥陶系祁漫塔格群,是寻找热液型、构造破碎蚀变岩型金、铜矿产的有利地段。     

湘东南水口地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿预测

利用1∶5万水口幅水系沉积物测量成果,分析研究湘东南水口地区水系沉积物地球化学特征。利用DGSInfo软件对元素分布、单元素异常、元素相关性、异常元素组合等特征进行分析研究,认为W、Sn、Bi、Cu、Ag为区内的主要成矿元素,共圈出15处地球化学综合异常。结合综合异常所处的成矿地质条件进行综合分析,划分为下湾毒砂金锑找矿远景区、联坑—渣村钨钼铜铅锌多金属找矿远景区、曾子坳—鹰咀岩—田心钨锡铜多金属找矿远景区。通过对远景区内的综合异常查证,在下湾AS1综合异常区、联坑AS3综合异常区、曾子坳AS6综合异常区均找到了与异常相关的矿化信息。结果表明,水系沉积物地球化学测量在该区具有较好的找矿效果,为研究区下一步的找矿工作指明了方向。     

大巴山地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿方向

大巴山地区跨秦岭、扬子两个一级构造单元,基于1:5万水系沉积物测量成果,统计计算了成矿元素地球化学参数,分析研究了元素分布特征、元素相关性及异常元素组合特征,认为研究区Pb、Zn、Ba、Cu、Mn找矿潜力较大,推断研究区所在的秦岭构造单元成矿类型主要为与震旦系—下寒武统黑色岩系有关的低温热液锌铜矿和沉积型钡矿;研究区所在的扬子构造单元成矿类型主要为与寒武系碳酸盐地层有关的低温热液铅锌矿和与震旦系碳酸盐岩有关的沉积型锰矿;在此基础上,划分出杨家坪—葛洞钡锌成矿远景区、镇坪钡锌成矿远景区、黄安坝—迷魂阵锌铜成矿远景区、百羊坪铅锌成矿远景区和修齐镇—石坊乡锰成矿远景区。     

黑河中游绿洲典型灌区地下水资源总均衡估算

根据对研究区多年的水文地质观测资料的分析和研究,建立了黑河中游典型灌区地下水水资源总均衡模型,选取了黑河干流具有代表性的平川、板桥、鸭暖和蓼泉灌区,对地下水均衡模型中的补给项及排泄项的主要变量分别进行了估算,结果表明:各灌区均衡期内地下水动态资料计算的均衡期始末地下水储存量变化与模型计算的均衡差基本相近,其相对误差为-17.6%,说明均衡模型对于估算内陆绿洲灌区地下水资源均衡是比较准确的.     

Arsenic contamination of ground and pond water and water purification system using pond water in Bangladesh

This paper, firstly, shows the distribution of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in Samta village. This village, which is in Jessore district in Bangladesh, was chosen as a model village for investigating the mechanism of groundwater contamination. 90% of the tube wells in this village had arsenic concentrations above the Bangladesh standard of 0.05 mg/l. Tube wells with arsenic concentrations of over 0.50 mg/l were distributed in the southern part of the village with a belt-like shape from east to west. Secondly, groundwater distribution is discussed with respect to its flow and the high arsenic zone (As≥0.50 mg/l) agrees well with the drifting zone of the groundwater. Furthermore, arsenic-free water supply systems suitable for a small area in the village have been developed. A pond sand filter (PSF) system which purifies pond water is discussed in this paper. Prior to the construction of the PSF, the water quality in ponds was examined for arsenic levels. The inflow of drainage from the tube wells was found to be the major cause of arsenic contamination of pond water. The PSF installed in Samta is working very well and produces a good quality of treated water.     

湖南禾库地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿预测

依据1∶5万水系沉积物测量资料,分析研究了湖南禾库地区水系沉积物地球化学特征。对元素分布、单元素异常、元素相关性、异常元素组合等特征的研究表明水系沉积物地球化学测量方法在高山峻岭、地形复杂的禾库地区有良好的找矿效果,并优选了嗅脑和杉木冲2处铅锌找矿远景区。     

黔北普宜地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及成矿预测

通过黔北普宜地区开展1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,对研究区的地球化学特征进行初步研究,以获取成矿信息。对水系沉积物样品分析结果进行数理统计,运用成矿元素地球化学特征进行多元统计分析、单元素及组合异常分析,并运用奇异性分析方法对成矿异常进行识别。分析结果表明,Pb、Zn元素异常高值点较多、离散程度较高,地球化学和成矿地质条件优越,具有较好找矿前景。F与Li元素为显著正相关关系,氟病区锂的含量高,地质环境中含量较高的Li对地下水中氟的浓聚迁移可能有抑制作用。综合研究区已知矿化信息及地层构造格架,优选出铅锌成矿远景区4处,为普宜地区找矿潜力分析、成矿规律研究及地氟病预防治理提供科学依据。     

黑龙江东部完达山地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及成矿预测

完达山地区位于中国东北地区东部,主要由一套近南北走向的玄武岩、堆晶岩、(超)基性熔岩、硅质岩和泥质岩组成,为中国东部唯一的中生代海相地层发育区,出露有太平洋板块俯冲形成的增生杂岩组合。研究区矿产资源丰富,已发现中型矿床1处,小型矿床4处,找矿前景较好。在全区1∶20万水系沉积物测量基础上,对完达山地区16种成矿元素进行相关性分析、聚类分析、因子分析、单元素异常分析和组合异常分析。分析结果表明,Au、Ni、Cr、Bi、Hg异常高值点多、离散性强,地质及地球化学条件优越,成矿潜力强。Au成矿作用主要与中酸性岩浆岩相关,Ni、Cr成矿作用主要与(超)基性岩浆熔离作用相关。在此基础上,结合区内地质、构造、物探和已知矿床(点)等信息,优选出4处成矿远景区,即258高地金成矿远景区、八里桥—仙人台铜镍钨锡成矿远景区、四平山—358高地金银成矿远景区和跃进山—先锋北山金银铜铁成矿远景区,为完达山地区整体找矿工作部署和区域成矿规律研究提供科学依据。     

云南洛里地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及金锑矿找矿远景

洛里地区位于滇东南胡革-广南堂上-木利-富宁Sb-Au成矿带。该区域内已发现卡林型金矿和木利式锑矿床（点）多处,金、锑矿找矿前景良好。本文以1:5万水系沉积物测量获得的数据为基础,统计了水系沉积物地球化学特征,计算了元素相关性和成矿有利度系数指标,总结了元素组合、富集规律,分析其与地质背景、地质构造及成矿作用的关系。依据元素组合特征,结合地质背景成矿条件,圈定综合异常13处,划分出2个找矿远景区,为下一步工作提供了依据。     

冀北新杖子地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿预测

冀北新杖子地区位于阜新—集宁成矿带的张家口—承德成矿区东北部,具有较好的找矿前景。在全区1∶50000水系沉积物测量基础上,对区内地球化学特征进行了初步分析。本文综合研究元素地球化学特征参数、元素R聚类相关性、单元素异常特征及因子分析表明,Au、Ag、Cu、Zn、Pb等元素具有一定的找矿潜力;依据水系沉积物异常圈定、筛选、评序及主要异常解释推断的成果,结合区内成矿地质构造背景,进一步圈定出石湖金矿、潘家店金矿、路通沟多金属矿和荣家庄多金属矿4个远景区。     

长江三峡库区土壤与水系沉积物Cd地球化学特征

对长江三峡库区段不同介质中Cd的分布特征和长江水系沉积物在垂向、横向剖面上的元素分布特征的研究发现，残坡积型土壤与长江干流水系沉积物Cd含量差异较大，水系沉积物具明显的高Cd异常；各个沉积时期的水系沉积物中均存在Cd异常，上游来源的Cd是引起三峡库区水系沉积物高Cd异常的主要因素；人类活动对土壤和水系沉积物中Cd的含量影响明显，在厂矿、码头、生活垃圾场等地区土壤中Cd的含量远高于一般地区土壤中Cd的含量，城市排污水系沉积物Cd的含量也高于长江干流水系沉积物Cd的含量。自然源是沿长江流域Cd异常普遍存在的根本原因，而人为源却有可能是高Cd异常主要沿长江干流及支流两岸大中城市分布的重要影响因素。     

Distribution and dispersion of lead and zinc in anomalous soils and stream sediments, Mount Hermon area, Israel

Geochemical field and laboratory tests of soils and stream sediments in an area of weak surficial lead-zinc mineralization resulted in the delineation of two anomalous zones. Lead-zinc values are exceptionally high, but downslope and downstream mobility is low.The metals occur in base-exchangeable positions (5%), with iron oxides (45–60%), in clay lattice positions (15–30%), as resistant minerals (2–5%), and in organic matter (up to 20%).Intense dissolution and redeposition of metals occurred probably close to their point of origin in residual soils.     

Arsenic, iron and sulfur co-diagenesis in lake sediments

Profiles of porewater pH and dissolved As, Fe, Mn, sulfate, total sulfide (ΣS^−II), total zero-valent sulfur (ΣS⁰), organic carbon and major ion concentrations, as well as those of solid As, acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), total S, Fe, Mn, Al, organic C, ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs were determined in the sediment of four lakes spanning a range of redox and geochemical conditions. An inverse modeling approach, based on a one-dimensional transport-reaction equation assuming steady-state, was applied to the porewater As profiles and used to constrain the net rates of reactions involving As (). The model defines depth intervals where As is either released to (positive ) or removed from (negative ) the porewaters.At two of the sites, whose bottom water were oxygenated at sampling time, a production zone ( = 12 × 10⁻¹⁸ mol cm⁻³ s⁻¹-71 × 10⁻¹⁸ mol cm⁻³ s⁻¹) is inferred a few cm below the sediment-water interface, coincident with sharp porewater As and Fe peaks that indicate an intense coupled recycling of As and Fe. This process is confirmed by solid As and Fe maxima just below the sediment surface. In these two lakes a zone of As consumption ( = −5 × 10⁻¹⁸ mol cm⁻³ s⁻¹ to −53 × 10⁻¹⁸ mol cm⁻³ s⁻¹), attributed to the slow adsorption of As to authigenic Fe oxyhydroxides, occurs just above the production zone. A second-order rate constant of 0.12 ± 0.03 cm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ is estimated for this adsorption reaction.Such features in the porewater and solid profiles were absent from the two other lakes that develop a seasonally anoxic hypolimnion. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that the porewaters of the four lakes, when sulfidic (i.e., ΣS^−II ? 0.1 μM), were undersaturated with respect to all known solid As sulfides; the calculation also predicts the presence of As^V oxythioanions in the sulfidic waters, as suggested by a recent study. In the sulfidic waters, the removal of As ( = −1 × 10⁻¹⁸ mol cm⁻³ s⁻¹ to −23 × 10⁻¹⁸ mol cm⁻³ s⁻¹) consistently occurred when saturation, with respect to FeS_(s), was reached and when As^V oxythioanions were predicted to be significant components of total dissolved As. This finding has potential implications for As transport in other anoxic waters and should be tested in a wider variety of natural environments.     

The influence of geology and land use on arsenic in stream sediments and ground waters in New England,USA

Population statistics for As concentrations in rocks, sediments and ground water differ by geology and land use features in the New England region, USA. Significant sources of As in the surficial environment include both natural weathering of rocks and anthropogenic sources such as arsenical pesticides that were commonly applied to apple, blueberry and potato crops during the first half of the 20th century in the region. The variation of As in bedrock ground water wells has a strong positive correlation with geologic features at the geologic province, lithology group, and bedrock map unit levels. The variation of As in bedrock ground water wells also has a positive correlation with elevated stream sediment and rock As chemistry. Elevated As concentrations in bedrock wells do not correlate with past agricultural areas that used arsenical pesticides on crops. Stream sediments, which integrate both natural and anthropogenic sources, have a strong positive correlation of As concentrations with rock chemistry, geologic provinces and ground water chemistry, and a weaker positive correlation with past agricultural land use. Although correlation is not sufficient to demonstrate cause-and-effect, the statistics favor rock-based As as the dominant regional source of the element in stream sediments and ground water in New England. The distribution of bedrock geology features at the geologic province, lithology group and map unit level closely correlate with areas of elevated As in ground water, stream sediments, and rocks.     

湘南坪宝地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿靶区预测

利用DGSInfo软件对湘南坪宝地区1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学数据进行元素相关分析、R聚类分析和因子分析,确定元素的共生组合关系;采用原始数据取对数剔除异点使元素含量呈正态分布,以高出背景值的1~2倍标准差为异常下限值,制作出各元素异常图和组合异常图;在GIS支持下,结合区内成矿地质条件对组合异常区进行综合分析,圈定了麦子坪-金子岗-梧桐、禾茂村-马鞍岭两个铅锌多金属矿找矿靶区。