基于Duncan-Chang本构的非线性土压力模型

假设基坑工程中挡土结构的变形和土压力服从双曲线模型,类比Duncan-Chang本构建模思想,在前人关于基坑主动区和被动区变形假设的基础上,建立了可以考虑位移变化的非线性土压力模型。把非线性土压力模型和Duncan-Chang本构模型联系起来,使得本文非线性土压力模型参数确定有根据。把弹性地基梁模型和该非线性土压力联系起来,使得弹性抗力系数的概念更加明确。以m法为例,深入分析了m法的影响因素。      

考虑时效的高填石路堤工后沉降有限元及反馈分析研究

把填石体作为粘弹性介质,提出采用三参数本构模型来描述填石体的蠕变特性,在此基础上引入遗传算法与有限元分析,建立了填石体三参数本构模型参数确定的优化反演方法,结合某高填石路堤得实测工后沉降数据进行参数反演,并利用反演参数对类似断面进行工后沉降分析,结果表明,本文建立的填石路堤工后沉降计算方法能准确的预测工后沉降,参数便于求取,为寻求合理的路面铺筑时间和制定施工控制条件提供依据。     

基于原位试验成果的地基非线性沉降分析

提出了利用小尺寸载荷试验（PLT）及标准贯入试验（SPT）成果准确求解地基非线性沉降的新方法。首先利用压板载荷试验成果经过双曲线拟合,确定出某一土层地基土的修正切线模量;然后根据不同深度的SPT标贯击数按照线性相关关系,确定该土层不同深度各分层土的修正切线模量;最后依据分层总和法求解地基或基础的非线性沉降。该方法的特点是能进行加载至极限状态的全过程非线性沉降分析,而计算原理简单,计算参数全部来自现场原位测试,附加应力依据压板试验成果进行自动修正。分析广东某大型油罐地基及某高层建筑筏板基础的沉降结果表明,该方法计算结果准确可靠,能满足以沉降控制为目标的地基基础工程设计要求。     

高填石路堤参数进化反演研究

采用邓肯- 张非线性模型描述填石体的力学特性,引入遗传算法和有限元分析,建立了填石体本构模型参数的进化反演方法。最后结合某高填石路堤施工期实测沉降数据进行参数反演,并利用反演参数对类似断面进行了施工期沉降预测。结果表明,利用反演参数计算得到的施工期沉降值与实测值较为吻合,为制定合理的路堤填筑计划提供了依据。      

考虑蠕变性状的港区软土地基参数反演和长期沉降预测

结合上海某集装箱码头建设项目,针对本工程深厚淤泥质黏土的场地条件,引入Mesri蠕变模型考虑堆场地基的长期蠕变变形。利用施工期和工后短期实测分层沉降资料,由最小二乘法建立目标函数,运用分层迭代反演方法反演得到各软土层的黏弹性参数;将反演得到的土层参数代入自行编制的沉降计算软件,计算得到地基沉降量,并将计算值与实测值进行对比,对比结果证明了参数反演的可靠性;利用反演得到的土层参数对工后的长期沉降进行了预测,为本工程的安全运营提供了指导。     

土石坝沥青混凝土心墙力学参数反演分析

沥青混凝土的本构模型参数与试件成型方法、试验条件密切相关,具有较大的离散性,难以准确确定。利用基于免疫学原理的遗传算法与有限元计算理论,建立了土石坝力学特性参数的反演分析方法,并编写了相应的计算程序。结合三峡茅坪溪沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝工程,利用竣工期坝体填筑现场原型监测资料,对心墙沥青混凝土的Duncan模型参数进行了反演计算。利用139 m水位的原型监测资料验证了反演成果的合理性,对沥青混凝土力学参数的合理确定提供了一条有效途径。     

地基非线性沉降计算原状土切线模量法的推广和应用

根据原状地基的载荷试验曲线,对于试验曲线为任意形式的情况下,提出了直接应用实测压板试验的P-S曲线,依据应力水平确定原状土切线模量的一般方法,建立了应力水平与原状土切线模量的关系。用该切线模量对地基沉降进行分层总和法计算,反映了原状地基土的特点和土的非线性,可以用于较准确地进行地基的沉降计算,且可以计算地基的非线性沉降过程,同时可以克服原切线模量法中假设压板试验曲线为双曲线方程的限制,使原状土切线模量法能应用于更广的范围。通过实例说明了方法的可行性     

基于量子遗传算法与多输出混合核相关向量机的堆石坝材料参数自适应反演研究

为进一步提高堆石坝材料参数反演模型的计算精度与适用性,建立了基于量子遗传算法（QGA）与多输出混合核相关向量机（MMRVM）的自适应反演模型。通过引入混合核函数,使所构建的MMRVM能够高精度地模拟材料参数与大坝沉降间的复杂非线性关系,从而代替耗时较长的有限元（FEM）计算。通过利用参数较固化的QGA优化确定MMRVM核参数,使反演模型具有自适应性。以实测沉降数据为依据,充分发挥QGA的全局搜索能力反演筑坝材料本构模型参数。在分析模型所需测点个数与信噪比对计算结果影响的基础上,通过公伯峡堆石坝应用实例证明：QGA-MMRVM可快速、精确地反演堆石坝筑坝材料本构模型参数,模型凭借其自适应性在实际工程中具有良好的应用前景和推广价值。     

扩展剑桥模型参数的优化选择及其应用

在有限元计算中合理选取土的本构关系与模型参数,对于计算成果的可靠性是十分重要的。剑桥模型是一个应用广泛的弹塑性模型,其参数一般是通过室内试验来确定的。通过建立扩展剑桥模型在三轴条件下的弹塑性本构关系的表达式,并以此为依据,利用数值模拟常规三轴试验和单向压缩试验过程并利用正反分析技术优化求解剑桥模型参数,在小浪底大坝固结计算的应用中证明了这种方法的合理性与实用性。     

复合地基沉降的复合本构有限元分析

提出了平面应变条件下复合地基沉降计算的复合本构有限元法。根据桩土界面处力的平衡条件和竖向变形协调条件,由桩、土材料各自的本构方程形成复合地基的本构方程,桩和桩周土可以采用任意非线性本构模型。工程实例分析表明,所建议的方法是有效的。     

桥头粉喷桩复合地基工后沉降原因分析

为了研究引起搅拌桩复合地基工后沉降的原因,针对粉喷桩加固桥头软基沉降进行Biot固结有限元正反分析。有限元分析时的土体本构模型采用Duncan-Chang非线性弹性模型,反分析时的土体本构模型分别采用Duncan-Chang非线性 弹性模型和Merchant黏弹性模型。计算分析表明,引起粉喷桩加固地基工后沉降的主要因素：早期时是交通荷载引,而后期土体蠕变的影响则占主导地位。     

Selection of sand models and identification of parameters using an enhanced genetic algorithm

Numerous constitutive models of granular soils have been developed during the last few decades. As a consequence, how to select an appropriate model with the necessary features based on conventional tests and with an easy way of identifying parameters for geotechnical applications has become a major issue. This paper aims to discuss the selection of sand models and parameters identification by using genetic algorithm. A real‐coded genetic algorithm is enhanced for the optimization with high efficiency. Models with gradually varying features (elastic‐perfectly plastic modelling, nonlinear stress–strain hardening, critical state concept and two‐surface concept) are selected from numerous sand models as examples for optimization. Conventional triaxial tests on Hostun sand are selected as the objectives in the optimization. Four key points are then discussed in turn: (i) which features are necessary to be accounted for in constitutive modelling of sand; (ii) which type of tests (drained and/or undrained) should be selected for an optimal identification of parameters; (iii) what is the minimum number of tests that should be selected for parameter identification; and (iv) what is the suitable and least strain level of objective tests to obtain reliable and reasonable parameters. Finally, a useful guide, based on all comparisons, is provided at the end of the discussion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

花岗岩残积土硬化土模型参数反演及工程应用

近年来在花岗岩残积土层运营地铁线路周边进行的工程建设逐渐增多,对盾构隧道安全的影响不容忽视。有限元法是评估临近施工对隧道影响的有效手段,但其可靠程度取决于土体本构模型和参数的合理选取。首先对花岗岩残积土硬化土模型参数取值现状进行评述,随后提出一种基于自钻式旁压试验的残积土硬化土模型参数反演方法,最后将反演的参数应用于深圳典型基坑上跨隧道施工的工程案例中进行验证分析,确定较为合理的残积土硬化土模型参数取值范围。研究结果表明,花岗岩残积土硬化土模型的强度参数可根据室内试验确定,刚度参数 、 和 是反演的关键参数,适用于工程实际的 : : 可取为1:1:3～1:1:5,根据比例不同, 取值范围在36～43 MPa之间。     

Intelligent model selection with updating parameters during staged excavation using optimization method

Various constitutive models have been proposed, and previous studies focused on identifying parameters of specified models. To develop the smart construction, this paper proposes a novel optimization-based intelligent model selection procedure in which parameter identification is also performed during staged excavation. To conduct the model selection, a database of seven constitutive models accounting for isotropic or anisotropic yield surface, isotropic or anisotropic elasticity, or small strain stiffness for clayey soils is established, with each model numbered and deemed as one additional parameter for optimization. A newly developed real-coded genetic algorithm is adopted to evaluate the performance of simulation against field measurement. As the process of optimization goes on, the soil model exhibiting good performance during simulation survives from the database and model parameters are also optimized. For each excavation stage, with the selected model and optimized parameters, wall deflection and ground surface settlement of the subsequent unexcavated stage are predicted. The proposed procedure is repeated until the entire excavation is finished. This proposed procedure is applied to a real staged excavation with field data, which demonstrates its effectiveness and efficiency in engineering practice with highlighting the importance of anisotropic elasticity and small strain stiffness in simulating excavation. All results demonstrate that the current study has both academic significance and practical significance in providing an efficient and effective approach of adaptive optimization-based model selection with parameters updating in engineering applications.

     

控制差异沉降的桩筏基础桩径优化分析方法

桩径优化是桩筏基础以差异沉降最小化为目标的基础优化分析的重要组成部分。基于桩筏基础通用分析方法,结合遗传算法提出了包含非线性约束条件的以差异沉降控制为目标的桩筏基础桩径优化分析模型,并给出了优化分析的实施步骤。通过示例说明了桩径优化的实施情况,对比给出了优化前后基础沉降、桩基荷载分布与筏板分担比、筏板弯矩和剪力结果。最后通过参量分析研究了筏板厚度、桩基参量和土体参量对最优桩径确定的影响程度,桩长和土体特性对桩径优化结果影响显著,而桩体材料特性和筏板厚度对桩径优化结果影响不大。     

夹层地基本构方程的研究与应用

工程中常见的地基往往含有多个夹层 ,将各个夹层按力学性质进行分组 ,分别考虑了各组夹层对整个地基本构关系的影响 ,得出了含有若干夹层的地基的本构方程 ,为求解夹层地基的本构关系的研究提供了新的思路。利用该理论可反求横观各向同性地基的弹性参数 ,并可考虑地基的弹性参数随深度变化的情况对整个地基的本构关系的影响     

考虑动态因素的深基坑开挖反演分析及预测

以弹性地基梁法为基础,运用动态施工反演分析的思想,即在常规的反分析过程中引入隧步开挖和隧道支撑的动态施工因素,反算反映基坑土体性态的m值,以求仿真模拟深基坑工程实际施工情况,进而为下一工况的变形预报提供可靠保证。最后通过一个工程实例的计算值与实测值对比分析,验证了该法在基坑支护结构设计和施工过程中是合理可行性的。     

Single‐and multi‐objective genetic algorithm optimization for identifying soil parameters

This paper discusses the quality of the procedure employed in identifying soil parameters by inverse analysis. This procedure includes a FEM‐simulation for which two constitutive models—a linear elastic perfectly plastic Mohr–Coulomb model and a strain‐hardening elasto‐plastic model—are successively considered. Two kinds of optimization algorithms have been used: a deterministic simplex method and a stochastic genetic method. The soil data come from the results of two pressuremeter tests, complemented by triaxial and resonant column testing. First, the inverse analysis has been performed separately on each pressuremeter test. The genetic method presents the advantage of providing a collection of satisfactory solutions, among which a geotechnical engineer has to choose the optimal one based on his scientific background and/or additional analyses based on further experimental test results. This advantage is enhanced when all the constitutive parameters sensitive to the considered problem have to be identified without restrictions in the search space. Second, the experimental values of the two pressuremeter tests have been processed simultaneously, so that the inverse analysis becomes a multi‐objective optimization problem. The genetic method allows the user to choose the most suitable parameter set according to the Pareto frontier and to guarantee the coherence between the tests. The sets of optimized parameters obtained from inverse analyses are then used to calculate the response of a spread footing, which is part of a predictive benchmark. The numerical results with respect to both the constitutive models and the inverse analysis procedure are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于混合遗传算法估计van Genuchten方程参数

van Genuchten(VG)方程是最常用的土壤水分特征曲线方程,其参数取值的精度直接影响到土壤水分运动方程计算的精度.该文建立了VG方程参数的优化模型,构建遗传算法与Levenberg-Marquardt算法相结合的混合遗传算法对其进行求解,并进行了数值试验.结果表明采用混合遗传算法比普通遗传算法不但提高了收敛效率,而且收敛迭代次数也大大减少;采用混合遗传算法估计参数的精度比非线性单纯形法和阻尼最小二乘法要高一些,而且不需要给参数初值.因此,混合遗传算法可以作为估计VG方程参数的一种新方法.     

基于遗传算法的软土地基沉降预测

基于自然进化原理的遗传算法是一种解决岩土工程复杂非线性问题十分有前景的方法。对遗传算法中一些具有代表性的算法作了简要分析和评论。软土地基沉降受众多因素的影响,在时序上表现出复杂的非线性特征。针对一个加固纠偏工程的沉降预测问题,运用MATLAB编写遗传算法程序进行了预测分析。计算结果与实测资料基本一致,它在全局优化、非线性优化、多参数优化等方面表现出了传统算法无法比拟的优势。