Geo-spatial Information Science TOTALCONTENTS (Vol.8 lssues1-4,2005)

Issue 1Prospect on Present-Day Crustal Kinematics and DynamicsResearch in Sichuan-Yunnan Area with Geodetic Data……………………………………………………………1XUCaijun LI Zhicai WANG QiApplication of Geodetic Receivers to Ti ming and Ti meTransfer…………………………………………………8NIE Guigen LIUJingnanA Case Study of Using External DEMin InSAR DEM Gener-ation……………………………………………………14ZHOU Chunxia GE Linlin E Dongchen CHANGHsingchungElements and Ex…     

ACTA GEODETICA et CARTOGRAPHICA SINICA Vol. 7 CONTENTS

NO.!Ge O血OyMe如d of Combined Adjustment by Direch。阶 liangulatlon Net…,………··,…,………,,,,…,…,…………·,……·,………,…………··Cul XI Zhang etc.1)Adlustment of Oh。ervations in A Broad Sense and he JointDeclslon of a Set ofObservations…………………………··,……………………………Kwan Sho-hot(29)Analysis of the Accuracy In Determining the Astronomical Azlmuth…··’……··’……………………………………………………… Hsla C…     

ACTA GEODETICA et CARTOGRAPHICA SINICA——Vol.17 No.4 CONTENTS

Filteringand calculation of DYnamlcParamctcraIn Deformation Model………………………………………Tao Benzao,Yu Jingquan(241)Extrapolatlon of Polar Coordinates with Data OverShort Period of Time………………………………………………Xiao Naiyuan et al.(247)Dynamic Surveying system and Kalman Filtering………………Liu Dane,Yu Zhenglin(254)Station Coordinates RGOSC.LG4 Derived From Laser Ranging Data to LAGEOSof the MERIT Main Campaign……Xia Jiongyu,Sinclair,A.T,Appleby,G.M.(26…     

Abstract of ph.d Dissertation

With the rapid development of global information highway,multimedia communication technology plays a more and more important role in national economic and social development.However,the multimedia communication system is a complicated real time distributed system and its software is difficult to develop.In order to improve the rapid development and application of the multimedia communication technology,there is an urgent need to carry out the basic research work of software development platform in this field.……     

About the International GIS Workshop on Antarctic King George Island

With rapid scientific development and further exploration towards the nature, the human kind hopes to serve themselves by mastering the natural law. Countries all over the world set much value on the study of Antarctica and have obtained plenty and substantial achievements. So as to strengthen mutual understanding among the countries in Antarctic surveying and mapping and share the achievements, the “International GIS Workshop on Antarctic King George Island“, Wuhan, July 6th～7th, 2000 was successfully held in the Lecture Hall of the National Laboratory for Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS). It was jointly held by the National Research Center on Antarctic Surveying and Mapping and LIESMARS, and sponsored by the National Polar Region Inspection Office, National Natural Scientific Foundation Committee, the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, the former Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping.……     

The scheme for the database building and updating of 1∶10 000 digital elevation models

［1］Balce A E. Determination of optimum sampling interval in grid digital elevation models (DEM) data acquisition.Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1987,531:323～330 ［2］Li Z L. Sampling strategy and accuracy assessment for digital terrain modelling: [Ph. D Thesis]. UK: University of Glasgow, 1990 ［3］Li Z L. Variation of the accuracy of digital terrain models with sampling interval. Photogrammetric Record, 1992,14:113～128 ［4］Li Z L. A comparative study of the accuracy of digital terrain models(DTMs) based on various data models. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Renote Sensing,1994,49(1):2～11 ［5］Li Z L. Scale issues in geographic information science. In:Proceeding of International Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-dimensional GIS. Hong Kong, 1997. 143～158 ［6］SISM. Specification of geospatial data (Provisional) for 1:10 000 digital elevation models. The Standard Institute of Surveying and Mapping (SISM), National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, China, 1997(in Chinese) ［7］USGS. National Mapping Program: Geospatial Data Standard, 1992 ［8］Zhu Q, Cheng C J. The fast generation and dynamic updating of TIN. Journal of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping, 1998(in Chinese)     

Designing Thought,Technical Line and Some Theoretical Issues on Geospatial Digital Framework of China

Based on the developing tendency of present China‘s basic GIS,this paper discusses the designing idea for scales of 1∶10 000,1∶50 000,1∶250 000 and 1∶1 000 000 pyramidlike multilayer and multiresolution of the basic GIS.A technical line for the construction of basic GIS of the whole country and various provinces for sustainable development is put forward.And some important theoretical GIS issues touched by the technical process are discussed.     

ACTA GEODETICA et CARTOGRAPHICA SINICA——Vol.16 No.3 CONTENTS

OPtlmlerung elnes bestehenden terrestrischen Netzes…………………Zhou Zhongmo(161)Precise positioning oftranslt satellites and a check on the precision of Chinesesatellite DoPPler network……··’…………………………………………MiaoLufeng(168)The influence of initial data errors on the accuracy of multi—order engineeringtrlagulatlon networks and theirdemonstratlon by field experiments”’”””’“”“”“””’””“”’””“”“”’”’””“””““””””””“”””“””””’·…     

最新国外测绘文献题录

[1]Lebedev V V.环境和经济问题的监测和区域地理信息系统=Monitoring of Environmental and Economic Problems and the Establishment of Regional Geographic Information Systems.Mapping Sciences & Remote Sensing,2000,38(1):67～77 [2]Gong Jianya.网络GIS的设计与实现=Design and Implementation of an Internet GIS.Geo-spatial Information Science,2001,4(2):1～7     

Precise leveling of the very long Qinling mountain tunnel

1 lntroductionl. l G6neraI sitUation of tbe projectThe tunnel proect consists Of the rnaor twcrlanetunnel and paraIIel hollows. The height of its en-trance is 869 m and that of its exit is l 022 m,sothe height difference between entrance and exitreaches l53 m. The height of the mountain ridgeexceeds 2 800 m and the relative height differencewithin the survey area is about 2 000 rn.l. 2 Presentation of problemsThe original vertical controI surveying is complet-ed with the second-order leveli…     

Announcement

In order to meet the requirements of the newly-founded Wuhan University to have uniform administration over the journals.Geo-spatial Information Science (Quarterly) takes some changes as follows. 　　1.The sponsor,formerly being Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping,is now Wuhan University. 　　2.The department in charge,formerly being the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping,now is Ministry of Education. 　　3.The Periodicals Press of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping is changed into Wuhan University Journals Press. 　　The principle,content,stylistic rules and layout,and service range of the Journal keep unchanged.We shall distribute the Geo-spatial Information Science to those who subscribe in 2001.     

Progress in Environmental Evolvement and Environmental Archaeology Study in the Yangtze Delta （China）

A review was conducted on the environmental evolvement and environmental archaeological research since the 1980s in the Yangtze Delta. Former environmental evolvement and environmental archaeological research results can be summed up into 4 aspects： 1） Formation and evolution of the Taihu Lake; 2） Transgression and sea-level changes in the Holocene epoch; 3） Reconstruction of the pre-historical environment; and 4） Impacts of environmental variations on the rise and fall of human civilization （formation of the cultural interruptions）. Based on this review, some limitations in the present research methods and possible outcomes are pointed out in this paper.     

Welcome to Order Wuhan University Academic Periodicals of Surveying and Mapping

1. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University (Monthly), an academic periodical originated from Journal of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping, aims at extending international academic exchanges of advanced research results in surveying and mapping. It covers the aspects of Photogrammetry, geodesy, physical geodesy, engineering surveying, cartography, Graphics, Geodynamics, GIS, GPS, remote sensing, etc. In addition     

Feasibility of Estimating Heavy Metal Contaminations in Floodplain Soils Using Laboratory-Based Hyperspectral Data—A Case Study Along Le’an River, China

It is necessary to estimate heavy metal concentrations within soils for understanding heavy metal contaminations and for keeping the sustainable developments of ecosystems.This study,with the floodplain along Le’an River and its two branches in Jiangxi Province of China as a case study,aimed to explore the feasibility of estimating concentrations of heavy metal lead(Pb),copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn) within soils using laboratory-based hyperspectral data.Thirty soil samples were collected,and their hyperspectral data,soil organic matters and Pb,Cu and Zn concentrations were measured in the laboratory.The potential relations among hyperspectral data,soil organic matter and Pb,Cu and Zn concentrations were explored and further used to estimate Pb,Cu and Zn concentrations from hyperspectral data with soil organic matter as a bridge.The results showed that the ratio of the first-order derivatives of spectral absorbance at wavelengths 624 and 564 nm could explain 52% of the variation of soil organic matter;the soil organic matter could ex-plain 59%,51% and 50% of the variation of Pb,Cu and Zn concentrations with estimated standard errors of 1.41,48.27 and 45.15 mg·kg-1;and the absolute estimation errors were 8%-56%,12%-118% and 2%-22%,and 50%,67% and 100% of them were less than 25% for Pb,Cu and Zn concentration estimations.We concluded that the laboratory-based hyperspectral data hold potentials in esti-mating concentrations of heavy metal Pb,Cu and Zn in soils.More sampling points or other potential linear and non-linear regression methods should be used for improving the stabilities and accuracies of the estimation models.     

应用FY-1D气象卫星监测雾(英文)

FY-1D is the second national operation meteorological satellite of China, and is much better compared to monitoring fog. However, research on monitoring fog using FY-1D is very few. In this paper, based on the typical FY-1D data, a fog＇s spectral characteristics in the different channels are analyzed using the histogram analysis method, and a method of monitoring fog using FY-1D is suggested. The results indicate that the 1st and 4th channels are the representative channels of FY-1D for the identification of fog. In the 1st channel, the fog is with uniform veins, smooth top, and clear-cut boundary, and its albedo is 20%-48%. In the 4th channel, the fog＇s brightness and temperature is 272-289K, and the difference value between the fog＇s and the ground surface＇s is not more than 6K.     

Development of a GIS data model with spatial, temporal and attribute components based on object-oriented approach

1 lntroductionA Mraphical object normal1y poSSeSSes threecomPOnents: spatiaI, temporal and attribute asPeCts.The first comPOnent describes the spatial extent ofan object, such as the boundary of a Iand parcel.The second describes timesrelated information, fOrinstance, the beginning and end time of a land Par-cel. The third describes the attribute characteristicsof obects, fOr example, the type of land cover.These three comPOnents constitute a complete im-age of an object.In most of the…     

Approximate representation of thep-norm distribution

［1］Liu D J,Shi W Z,Tong X H,et al.Precision analysis and quality cont rol of GIS spatial data.Shanghai:Shanghai Publishing House of Scientific Documen ts,1999 ［2］Chen X R,Fang Z B,Li G Y,et al.Non_parameter statistics.S hanghai:Shanghai Publishing House of Science and Technology,1989 ［3］Li Q H,Tao B Z.Application of probability statistical theory in survey ing.Beijing:Beijing Publishing House of Surveying and Mapping,1982 ［4］Sun H Y.p_norm distribution theory and its application in surveyin g data processing:[Ph.D Thesis].Wuhan:Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping,1995     

Doppler properties of spaceborne/airborne hybrid bistatic synthetic aperture radar

In this paper,a special geometry case of spaceborne-airborne bistatic SAR(SA-BiSAR) is considered,in which satellite and aircraft flight paths are parallel and their antennas are steering at the strip map.This case is a simple but typical application example,which is applicable for non-cooperative illumination.The integration time of SA-BiSAR system is derived via the motion of transmitter and receiver footprint.In parallel and stripmap mode,Doppler frequency is obtained through the combination be-tween spaceborne and airborne SAR.Other Doppler properties have been envisaged,including Doppler bandwidth and azimuth resolution.The overall simulation experiments are conducted and some characteristics are exhibited.The critical parameters,which have the significant effect on the SA-BiSAR Doppler properties,are extracted by analytical expressions and numerical simulations.In parallel and strip map mode and with reference to ENVISAT-1,SA-BiSAR system possesses the potential of yielding 10 m azi-muth resolution and 0.5 s integration time for C-band via the analysis of simulation results.     

基于经验模态分解的高分辨率影像融合

High resolution image fusion is a significant focus in the field of image processing. A new image fusion model is presented based on the characteristic level of empirical mode decomposition （EMD）. The intensity hue saturation （IHS） transform of the multi-spectral image first gives the intensity image. Thereafter, the 2D EMD in terms of row-column extension of the 1D EMD model is used to decompose the detailed scale image and coarse scale image from the high-resolution band image and the intensity image. Finally, a fused intensity image is obtained by reconstruction with high frequency of the high-resolution image and low frequency of the intensity image and IHS inverse transform result in the fused image. After presenting the EMD principle, a multi-scale decomposition and reconstruction algorithm of 2D EMD is defined and a fusion technique scheme is advanced based on EMD. Panchromatic band and multi-spectral band 3,2,1 of Quickbird are used to assess the quality of the fusion algorithm. After selecting the appropriate intrinsic mode function （IMF） for the merger on the basis of EMD analysis on specific row （column） pixel gray value series, the fusion scheme gives a fused image, which is compared with generally used fusion algorithms （wavelet, IHS, Brovey）. The objectives of image fusion include enhancing the visibility of the image and improving the spatial resolution and the spectral information of the original images. To assess quality of an image after fusion, information entropy and standard deviation are applied to assess spatial details of the fused images and correlation coefficient, bias index and warping degree for measuring distortion between the original image and fused image in terms of spectral information. For the proposed fusion algorithm, better results are obtained when EMD algorithm is used to perform the fusion experience.