南极普里兹湾NP951柱样元素地层与古环境初步研究

对南极普里兹湾ＮＰ９５１柱样的元素地球化学特征及其古环境意义进行了研究。结果表明，本区沉积物在沉积过程中受冰盖消融、淡水涌入和陆源物质的影响较大；沉积物中ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｃｏｒｇ等元素组分较好地记录了由古气候变化而引起的物源改变，这些元素组分在地层中的分布规律与古海洋沉积环境及古气候变迁相一致；自晚更新世末期以来的气候大致可分为温暖期、寒冷期、高温期、转冷期和转暖期五个区段；在柱样的１４５ｃｍ（１４．４ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）、８５ｃｍ（１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）和２５ｃｍ（６．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）处出现了古气温的高值点，指示了气候的变化；８５ｃｍ处元素含量的突变指示了异常事件的发生，该层位正好对应于哥德堡地球磁场漂移，全球气温突然变暖，标志着１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以后南极地区进入了全新世。     

南极15ka以来海洋沉积物的环境磁学研究

通过对东南极普里兹湾陆坡区ＮＰ９５－１及西南极长城湾ＮＧ９３－１两柱样系统的环境磁学研究，获得了南极地区１５．０～５．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来的古气候变化序列。结果表明，磁学参数较好地记录了古气候变化及沉积环境变化的信息。ＮＰ９５－１柱样较好地记录了Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件、新仙女木事件以及波令－阿罗德暖期，其中Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件发生于１４．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，新仙女木冷期为１１．７～１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以后，南极地区进入全新世。在全新世，两柱样记录了在１０．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．及６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．前后两个暖期，其间夹有小幅气温下调的时段；６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．后，两柱样均有气候颤动变冷的记录。     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵区的冰川作用

拉斯曼丘陵在渐新世已被冰盖覆没，晚渐新世冰盖厚度最大，自中新世开始，冰盖逐渐减薄后退，但该丘陵仍为冰盖占据。更新世冰川作用规模不及第三纪。１８ｋａＢ．Ｐ．该丘陵区覆冰厚度超过１７０ｍ，冰盖前缘仅厚３０ｍ左右。冰盖后退出露其岩约在１０．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ前后，自９．４１－６．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ，冰川以２－３ｍ／ａ的速率后退，岛屿区人武部出露，自６．５－５．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ，冰川后退速率砬为１．０－１．５ｍ／ａ，丘陵     

贡嘎山地区全新世的冰川变化、气候变化与河谷阶地发育

本区冰川变化与河谷阶地发育关系密切，全新世初气候转暖，冰川逐步后退，形成第四级河流阶地（Ｔ４下部），全新世中期的高温期（７５００－４０００ａＢＰ）冰川强烈消融，形成第四级阶地（Ｔ４中上部）＜７４２０±９０ａＢＰ；全新世晚期气候转冷，新冰期可分出三次冰进：前观景台冰进＞３０８０±８０ａＢＰ，观景台冰进１５５０±８０－２３５０±６５ａＢＰ，海螺沟冰进９４０±８５－７８０±９０ａＢＰ，相应出现Ｔ３＞３０００ａＢＰ，Ｔ２１２００±７０－２１７０±６０ａＢＰ，Ｔ１９３０±７０ａＢＰ，现在小冰期最早出现在４００年前，有３次波动，相当于公元１６０３－１６５０；１７５１－１８００；１８５１－１９００；三次气候寒冷期。     

河西走廊平原区全新世河流阶地对气候变化的响应

河西走廓的古洋河，黑河，北大河和疏勒不可在平原发育了两级阶地，根据＾１４Ｃ测年数据，低阶地形成于５．５７－３．１５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，高阶地形成于１１－８ｋｇＢ．Ｐ．，在８－６ｋａＢ．Ｐ．之间为河流下切期。     

晚更新世中期以来克里雅河流域黄土沉积特征与环境演化

昆仓山中段克里雅河流域不同海拔黄土样品的物质组成，地球化学成分、孢粉组合表明塔里木盆地的继粒物质是其物源。黄土分布于２３００ｍ的前山地带至４９００ｍ高山带，自低而高，黄土厚度变薄，颗粒由粗变细。＾１４Ｃ年龄测定显示本区黄土物质由晚更新世中期（５００００－６００００ａＢ．Ｐ．）－全新世风力搬运的粉尘堆积而成。     

大小兴安岭高位泥炭孢粉纪录及泥炭发育和演替过程研究

根据３个高位泥炭剖面孢粉分析和＾１４Ｃ测年数据，以及植物残体、微量元素与营养元素等分析相互印证，揭示大小安岭分别５０００ａ Ｂ．Ｐ．和２７００ａ Ｂ．Ｐ．以来孢粉组合特征和植物群与气候演变过程。分析表明大小兴安岭高位泥炭形成了低、中和高位发育阶段的演变，大兴安岭高位泥形成晚于小兴安岭。１３００ａ Ｂ．Ｐ．大小兴安岭普遍发育高位泥炭。该区图强和汤北（９４－Ａ）高位泥炭剖面分别是大小兴安岭高位泥炭标准     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵区的冰川作用

拉斯曼丘陵在渐新世已被冰盖覆没，晚渐新世冰盖厚度最大，自中新世开始，冰盖逐渐减薄后退，但该丘陵仍为冰盖占据。更新世冰川作用规模不及第三纪。１８ｋａＢ．Ｐ．该丘陵区覆冰厚度超过１７０ｍ，冰盖前缘仅增厚３０ｍ左右。冰盖后退出露基岩约在１０．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．前后，自９．４１～６．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，冰川以２～３ｍ／ａ的速率后退，岛屿区全部出露；自６．５～５．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，冰川后退速率减为１．０～１．５ｍ／ａ，丘陵区裸露５０％以上；约自５．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．开始，丘陵区几乎全部出露，冰川冰盖范围与今基本相同。     

南极普里兹湾晚第四纪以来硅藻组合及气候变化的研究

对南极普里兹湾ＮＰ９３－２和ＮＰ９５－１两柱样沉积硅藻进行了定量分析。两柱样分别可划分出３个和７个硅藻组合带。前者的优势种是Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａｃｕｒｔａ和Ｔｈａｌａｓｉｏｓｉｒａａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ，次优势种是Ｎ．ｋｅｒｇｕｅｌｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｎ．ｒｉｔｓｃｈｅｒｉ；后者常见的优势种有Ｎ．ｋｅｒｇｕｅｌｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｎ．ｃｕｒｔａ，Ｄｅｎｔｉｃｕｌｏｐｓｉｓｓｐｐ．和Ｔ．ｌｅｎｔｉｇｉｎｏｓａ，常见的次优势种有Ｅｕｃａｍｐｉａｂａｂｌａｕｓｔｉｕｍ，Ｔ．ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ和Ｔ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ。利用Ｎ．ｃｕｒｔａ／Ｎ．ｋｅｒｇｕｅｌｅｎｓｉｓ比值并结合１４Ｃ测年数据，可将１５０００年以来南极气候的变化划分出８个古气候带，其中完好地记录了Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件、波令－阿德罗暖期、新仙女木冰期、全新世低温期等重大的气候变化事件，而南极的全新世低温期是首次报道。     

临夏盆地早更新世东山古湖沉积的高分辨率气候记录

临夏盆地东山古湖（２．３５～１．６５ＭａＢ．Ｐ．）沉积厚达８４ｍ,是六盘山以西早更新世湖相沉积的典型代表。以２．５ｍ的间隔对其进行系统采样,以ＣａＣＯ３含量变化为指标建立高分辨率的气候变化曲线,对曲线进行周期分析表明,东山古湖所反映的气候波动具有明显的４１０００ａ主导周期;其中２．２８ＭａＢ．Ｐ．和１．７５～１．８０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．时段为两个明显的冷湿时期,表明东亚季风在建立初期具有不稳定性。     

大青山、蛮汗山外生菌根真菌资源调查

室外调查与室内观察鉴定结果表明：1．大青山、蛮汗山外生菌根真菌资源极为丰富。其中大青山已知存在78种外生菌根真菌，隶属于15科，3l属；蛮汗山已知存在79种外生菌根真菌，隶属于15科，32属。2．在高海拔阴坡和半阴坡，与青海云杉、落叶松共生的主要为牛肝菌属、乳菇属、红菇属、丝膜菌属；与阔叶树共生的以鹅膏科为最多。3．在中低海拔地区与松属共生频率最高的是乳牛肝菌属；与杨、桦共生最多的是杯伞属、桩菇属、蘑菇属。4．通过分离，在大青山、蛮汗山先后分别获得珍贵菌根菌10种、12种。5．在分离的菌根菌中乳牛肝菌属中的大部分种为油松、樟子松的优秀菌根真菌。     

The Triassic ammonite Aristoptychites kolymensis (Kiparisova) from Botneheia, Spitsbergen

Aristoptychites kolymensis (Kiparisova) is investigated and described in detail from collections made at Botneheia, Spitsbergen, where it occurs at the top of the Botneheia Formation (Daonella Shale). It is a rather small species and the stratigraphically highest representative of the genus in Spitsbergen. Its suture line is remarkable by its possession of the additional U.-lobes between the internal lobe and the first umbilical lobe. A lobe of this kind has so far been described only once, with Arcestes (Proarcestes) bicarinatus by Schindewolf (1968), which suggests affinities between Ptychitidae and Arcestidae.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G+C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

瓦屋山地区野生报春花资源及其开发利用

研究了瓦屋山地区野生报春花资源的种类、资源数量、观赏评价、生物生态学特点和生境。主要结论为 :瓦屋山地区现有萼报春、卵叶报春、峨眉苣叶报春、宝兴掌叶报春、川西遂瓣报春、等梗报春、城口报春、苣叶报春等 9种。其中 ,萼报春的资源及其生态变幅最大 ,宝兴报春、卵叶报春和川西遂瓣报春的次之 ,峨眉苣叶报春、等梗报春和宝兴掌叶报春的较小 ,城口报春和苣叶报春的最小。本文同时也提出了开发野生报春花资源的对策。     

Reproductive biology of Opuntia: A review

A review of the reproductive biology of fleshy-fruited species of Opuntia sensu stricto was conducted. Among Cactaceae, Opuntia is the most diverse and widely distributed genus in the Americas. The genus is strongly associated with bee pollination and coevolution with at least two bee genera is suggested. Fruits and vegetative parts, such as spiny cladodes, are closely linked with seed dispersal and highly efficient vegetative dissemination by animals. Vegetative multiplication appears to be more efficient than sexual reproduction for plant recruitment. Both sexual reproduction and plant multiplication seem to have contributed to the ecological and evolutionary success of the genus, but empirical evidence is lacking.     

中国特有的永瓣藤属植物区系地理性质与特征

永瓣藤是卫矛科的单型属(Monimop etalum Chinese Rehd),为中国特有的珍稀濒危植物,分布于北纬28°30'～30°10'和东经114°30'～118°10'的长江中下游南岸地区。文中研究了永瓣藤的自然地理环境与群落特征,分布区的历史和分布格局的现状,探讨了它起源的时间、地区及区系地理性质。研究结果表明:(1)永瓣藤适应于温暖湿润和偏酸性(pH5.5～6.5)土壤的地理环境;它是群落的伴生成分,其分布受到杉木、马尾松、毛竹、赤杨叶等优势成分的影响。(2)其分布区的地史演变大概为:连续分布(新第三纪)→间断分布(第四纪及以后)→星散分布(现状).通山县的残存为湖北省植物区系地理分布新记录属(种).(3)它分布于我国东部中亚热带向北亚热带过渡区域,是一个具亚热带性质的华东特有属。(4)其起源地可能是扬子古陆的九岭-怀玉联合地体;起源时间大约在新第三纪中新世(或更晚),是被子植物一个起源比较年轻的属,并不是起源古老的地理成分。     

African aloe ecology: A review

Aloe L., is the largest genus in the Asphodelaceae, a family of succulent-leaved, petaloid monocots, geographically restricted to the Old World. Aloes exhibit remarkable morphological variability and range in size from dwarf species only a few centimetres tall, to tree aloes reaching heights of up to 20 m. Aloes form a striking and important component of many arid and semi-arid African landscapes. Most Aloe species occur in arid savanna, which is widespread over subtropical southern and eastern Africa. In southern Africa, aloes receive considerable interest from both scientists and succulent plant enthusiasts. World-renowned for their medicinal properties, aloes are used in numerous natural products traded in the health and cosmetic industries. There is a wealth of popular literature on the genus, as well as various scientific publications, although these have tended to focus on aloe pollination biology and medicinal use. Knowledge on aloe ecology is vital for the management and conservation of wild populations as well as the arid and semi-arid lands in which they occur. Sound ecological understanding of the genus is also important for making decisions regarding sustainable utilization, as well as predictions relating to possible threats posed by climate change. Furthermore, by better understanding the genus, its utility in practical applications such as ecosystem restoration can be explored further. Hence, this review provides a synthesis of a wide range of available information on several aspects of aloe ecology, and highlights important opportunities for future research. The key aspects covered include aloe distribution, ecophysiology, functional role in the ecosystem, population dynamics, fire tolerance, resprouting, pollination ecology, seed biology, economic botany and conservation.     

固沙常见锦鸡儿属植物的研究

本文对12种固沙常见锦鸡儿属植物的分类、分布、花粉形态进行了比较研究。确定了柠条锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和小叶锦鸡儿三者的亲缘关系,并认为绢毛锦鸡儿是这12种中最原始种,锦鸡儿属可能正象Komapob所说的,是由一个比较原始的祖先种沿着不同的途径衍化而形成目前的许多种。     

Temporal segregation in co-existing Acomys species:the possible role of nest site

The co-existence of two species of spiny mouse of the genus Acomys is possible due to temporal segregation. While the common spiny mouse A. cahirinus is nocturnal, the golden spiny mouse A. russatus is diurnal when occurring with the former. An attempt was made to investigate the role of nest site as an environmental resource for competition between these two species. Nine heterospecific pairs of mice of both the same or opposite sexes were tested using an observation pen with two nesting places attached to each side. Each pair tested was observed in the pen over a period of 48h. In eight out of the nine different pairs, A. cahirinus occupied the original nest site of A. russatus. The replacement was found to be not random. The results of this study show that A. cahirinus selects a preferred nest site and its vacated nest sites can be utilized by A. russatus.