沱沱河地区上三叠统苟鲁山克措组物源区特征

沱沱河地区的苟鲁山克措组是保存于西金乌兰—金沙江缝合带内唯一的晚三叠世地层,该地层总体出露较好,是研究该区三叠世晚期沉积环境及构造演化进程的良好载体。前人对其沉积环境、物源区背景等有过简要论述,但未进行过系统的物源及源区构造背景方面的研究,该文以野外实测地层剖面为基础,结合室内薄片鉴定及地球化学分析等工作,对苟鲁山克措组物源来源及物源区构造背景进行了分析。     

青海沱沱河地区晚三叠世苟鲁山克措组沉积相及物源分析

通过野外实测地层剖面、沉积相标志识别、薄片鉴定和粒度分析等手段,研究了沱沱河地区三叠纪苟鲁山克措组的沉积相类型和沉积特征。结果表明苟鲁山克措组为一套三角洲浅海陆棚体系。物源分析采用碎屑岩类法,研究表明工作区三叠纪砂岩多为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩,结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低,显示了沉积物快速堆积,近物源的特征。通过对碎屑矿物的成分分析,揭示其物源源于再旋回造山带。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘晚三叠世构造—沉积环境分析

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘长期以来是地质学家所关注的热点,特别是晚三叠世的物源和形成构造—沉积环境颇具争议。砂岩碎屑组成、碎屑重矿物、地球化学成分、砾岩组成、古水流以及构造变形研究表明,晚三叠世西缘不同地区的物源和构造—沉积环境具有一定的差异性。北部贺兰山地区晚三叠世沉积主要形成于克拉通边缘,巴彦浩特地区为其主要物源区,阿拉善地块为次一级物源区,古流向以由西向东为主,沉积环境由扇三角洲向湖泊环境过渡,该时期为区域挤压背景下的裂谷盆地发育阶段;中部石沟驿地区上三叠统延长组沉积厚度达3 000 m左右,砂岩以长石岩屑砂岩为主,物源区以阿拉善地块为主,古流向由北西向南东,沉积环境为辫状河三角洲沉积环境,构造背景较为复杂,为整体挤压背景下的断陷盆地;南部平凉地区物源主要来自下伏地层和秦祁造山带,古水流主体由南西向北东方向,主体为冲积扇沉积环境,为前陆盆地发育阶段。可见,盆地西缘晚三叠世不同地区具有不同物源属性与构造—沉积环境,并非统一的“类”前陆盆地发育阶段。     

羌塘盆地北缘上三叠统藏夏河组沉积物源及构造背景分析

碎屑岩元素地球化学特征对沉积环境、物源属性和构造背景具有十分重要的指示意义。藏夏河组是分布于羌塘盆地北缘的一套砂泥不等厚互层的地层,其时代为晚三叠世卡尼期—诺利期,是古特提斯洋消亡阶段的沉积产物,其物源及构造背景分析对晚三叠世羌塘盆地演化过程探讨具有重要意义。本文选取岗盖日地区藏夏河组碎屑岩开展元素地球化学分析,通过碎屑岩物源属性及其构造背景研究,探讨晚三叠世羌塘盆地的演化过程及性质。研究区藏夏河组砂岩样品具有低—中等的化学蚀变指数CIA=55. 0~65. 9、化学风化指数CIW=60. 6~74. 3 和斜长石蚀变指数PIA=56. 1~70. 6,反映物源区总体发生了弱的化学风化作用。Al2O3/TiO2、TiO2/Zr、Cr/Th、Sc/Th、Co/Th、La/Sc 值和显著的Eu负异常,表明藏夏河组物源主要来自长英质岩石,同时可能含有少量安山质物源。多重构造判别图解表明物源区主要来自于活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧,少量来自于被动大陆边缘物源区。结合前人研究资料,笔者等认为晚三叠世早期羌塘盆地具有弧后前陆盆地的特征,而藏夏河组形成于同造山期或者造山后。     

南天山阿尔夏特地区科克铁克达坂组物源区大地构造背景分析

南天山地区的科克铁克达坂组是保存于那拉提-红柳河缝合带南侧的一套晚志留世地层,总体出露较好,研究其物源区大地造背景对南天山造山带志留纪岩相古地理及构造背景研究具有重要意义。通过野外剖面测制,结合室内薄片鉴定及地球化学分析等工作,对科克铁克达坂组物源区构造背景进行了分析,结果显示其物源区为过渡陆壳源区、隆升基底源区,大地构造背景为稳定的被动大陆边缘。     

贺兰山北段晚三叠世沉积物源分析

贺兰山北段晚三叠世地层分布较广泛,其物源问题是进行鄂尔多斯盆地西北部原盆边界恢复和其两侧盆地该时期面貌恢复的关键,而对此存在一定的争议。该研究以贺兰山北段的沉积-构造背景为约束,通过晚三叠世地层的砾石成分、古流向、稀土元素、锆石测年及沉积趋势等物源分析方法综合运用,指出贺兰山北段晚三叠世不存在东部物源,银川古隆起不存在;物源来自西北部的阿拉善地块和兴蒙造山带太古代-古元古代的变质岩（片麻岩和变粒岩等）和岩浆岩,部分为阿拉善地块古生代和早中三叠世的沉积岩及岩浆岩。贺兰山西北部具有近物源和快速堆积的特点。同时,贺兰山北段晚三叠世物源具有多源性,其经历了多期的构造改造,恢复物源区演化模式对周邻造山带和块体的演化具有深远意义。     

贺兰山地区晚三叠世延长组地球化学特征及其地质意义

沉积岩的微量和稀土元素对沉积环境变化有着较高的灵敏度,是研究古沉积环境以及沉积物源区构造背景的一种有效手段。本文主要利用地球化学方法对贺兰山晚三叠世延长组不同地区、不同层段的25件泥岩、粉砂岩以及细砂岩样品进行了主量、微量以及稀土元素测试分析,探讨了延长期沉积环境和物源区构造背景。结果显示：延长期整体处于氧化—还原过渡的淡水环境,古气候温暖潮湿;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分表现为轻重稀土分异明显,且轻稀土富集、重稀土相对亏损,Eu负异常,Ce异常不明显等特征;La/Yb-REE和La/Th-Hf源岩判别图及Gd/Yb的比值关系图显示延长组源岩主要为长英质岩石,部分为基性岩和沉积岩,且以后太古界为主要物源;La-Th-Sc,Th-Sc-Zr/10和Th-Co-Zr/10判别图解均显示研究区延长组物源区构造背景主要为大陆岛弧,晚期有活动陆缘构造背景的物源加入。     

河南南召盆地上三叠统碎屑岩地球化学特征及物源示踪

三叠纪是秦岭造山带全面碰撞造山的关键时期,随着扬子、秦岭和华北板块分别沿勉略、商丹缝合带的汇聚拼合, 秦岭造山带逐渐形成并从板块构造体制向陆内造山体制转化,同时强烈的造山作用控制着周缘盆地的形成与演化。文章通 过研究区的碎屑岩元素地球化学分析,对河南南召盆地上三叠统的物源区及构造背景特征进行探讨。结果表明,上三叠统 源岩成分主要为上地壳长英质火山岩;源岩经历了中等的化学风化强度,校正后CIA值指示其形成于温暖潮湿的气候和相 对较强的构造活动环境;太山庙组源区构造背景主要为大陆岛弧与活动大陆边缘,太子山组源区构造背景主要为大陆岛弧 与被动大陆边缘。根据南召盆地近源沉积特征和秦岭造山带构造演化过程推断,秦岭造山带和华北南缘是南召盆地晚三叠 世的重要物源区,前期太山庙组物源主要由北秦岭隆升基底提供,后期太子山组物源可能来自南秦岭、北秦岭和华北南缘 沉积再循环。南召盆地上三叠统物源区的转变是晚三叠世秦岭造山带逆冲推覆作用逐渐增强的体现,对研究恢复秦岭构造 带造山隆升过程和周缘盆地盆山系统演化具有重要的意义。     

开鲁盆地南部下三叠统红砬组地球化学特征及沉积环境分析——以奈参1井为例

为揭示开鲁盆地南部地区下三叠统红砬组的构造背景及沉积环境,对奈参1井26件细碎屑岩样品进行了常量、微量以及稀土元素测试分析.研究表明：红砬组沉积物源具有多样性,主要来自上地壳长英质岩石源区,还有少量来自中、基性火成岩物源区.物源构造背景主要为主动大陆边缘,可能形成于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘构造背景.红砬组沉积环境总体上处于氧化-弱还原的陆相淡水-半咸水环境,向上水体盐度有增大趋势,古气候整体上为干旱炎热气候.     

贵州中南部早三叠世沉积演化

通过对贵州修文—广西天峨地区早三叠世地层剖面测制和相序解析,并对其相的确定和划分。重点从各地层组的岩性组合、生物组合、顶底界线入手,进行综合对比研究,进而达到相区划分。得出研究区早三叠世早期广海陆棚沉积环境演化为碳酸盐缓坡沉积环境;末期向镶边碳酸盐台地沉积环境过渡,而罗甸板庚一带为孤立台地沉积环境。同时建立起研究区早三叠世两个三级层序。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.