木里县梭罗沟金矿伴生有用组分调查评价

文章对梭罗沟金矿体和选矿厂进行系统全面取样,通过化学分析测试基本查明梭罗沟金矿伴生组分,矿体达到评价指标有S、As、Ag,其中伴生有害组分为S、As,伴生有用组分为Ag;选矿厂仅金精矿中Cu、Co、Ni达到评价指标,含量低且分散。通过光片鉴定和电子探针分析测试,伴生银以独立矿物(银)黝铜矿细粒包裹体的形式赋存于黄铁矿、毒砂中,多沿黄铁矿、毒砂矿物中的裂隙呈脉状产出或沿黄铁矿表面分布。在黄铁矿、黄铜矿等矿物中的赋存状态不明,推测可能以机械混入物、显微包体等形式产出。     

四川木里梭罗沟金矿黄铁矿标型特征及地质意义

木里梭罗沟金矿主要载金矿物为黄铁矿和毒砂,黄铁矿主要呈它形和五角十二面体产出,一些黄铁矿具含砷黄铁矿"边"。黄铁矿晶形不同,含金量也不同。电子探针和激光离子探针分析结果统计显示,黄铁矿亏硫或接近理论值,属变质热液成因;黄铁矿中的Co含量低、ω(Co)/ω(Ni)<1、ω(Au)/ω(Ag)>0.5,它形成于中温环境;黄铁矿ω(Fe)/ω(S+As)均值为0.845,形成环境为中深部。矿床成因属基性火山岩构造蚀变岩型,成矿流体主要来自变质热液。     

大平山铜矿毒砂单矿物扫描电镜分析

大平山铜矿床位于南京市江宁区横溪镇西侧,矿石中有用组分除铜以外,还伴生有As、Zn、Ag、Au、Co和Ni等元素,其中As元素质量分数较高,局部达0.2%～0.9%。通过显微观察和扫描电镜能谱分析,发现大平山铜矿矿石中As元素主要以硫化物形式,呈毒砂独立矿物以自形—半自形粒状、他形粒状赋存于矿石中。赋存方式主要为：以独立矿物呈稀疏浸染状分布于矿石中,局部呈条带状和中等稠密浸染状分布于矿石中;以交代方式与黄铁矿和黄铜矿共生于矿石中,但毒砂形成晚于黄铁矿和黄铜矿。     

太白金矿流体包裹体中黄铁矿和铁白云石等子矿物的发现及成冈意义

太白金矿含金角砾岩带赋存于秦岭泥盆纪浅变质细碎屑岩系中,地质特征独特。金矿佛主要产于含铁白云石－黄铁矿等胶结物中,这些载金矿物中普遍有大量流体包裹体产出。应用扫描电镜、能谱分析和电子探针技术发现了石英和含铁白云石中的黄铁矿、毒砂和铁白云石等离子矿物,结合流体包裹体成分ＬＲＭ分析资料,对成矿流体特征有了新认识。     

金矿床中金与黄铁矿和毒砂的关系

卡林型金矿中的金,以肉眼,甚至在显微镜下都看不到,因而称之为“不可见金”.经过金的物相分析,发现Au与毒砂、黄铁矿有关.进一步的问题是:Au在毒砂、黄铁矿中呈何状态分布,是呈微细的独立矿物?还是类质同象?是以化学键进入毒砂、黄铁矿的晶格?还是吸附在其表面?进一步的研究表明,世界上其他类型金矿,如浊积岩型金矿、造山带内太古代绿岩带金矿、变质金矿、与火成岩有关的金矿,甚至含金的块状硫化物矿床,其中的金除了以自然金(可见金)产出外,在黄铁矿、毒砂、辉锑矿、雄黄等硫化物中还含有不可见金.从不可见金到可见金,需经过热液蚀变作用,在高As条件下,温度和硫逸度的升高,可溶出不可见金,在温度下降和还原条件下,Au以可见金形式存在于蚀变环带中.这种从不可见金到可见金的转换过程,反映了Au、As、S以及Fe等元素的地球化学特征.金矿中的黄铁矿和毒砂具有相似的结构,包括在其原始生长的晶体中含有不可见金,并且在稍后的成矿阶段内形成赋存有可见金的蚀变环带.蚀变环带以As含量高为特征,并且,后期的可见金是沿裂隙或毒砂与黄铁矿的粒间分布.可见金是热液活化了矿物内的不可见金而形成的.     

猫岭——王家崴子金矿区伴生元素的分布特征

对猫岭－王家葳子金矿区矿石中伴生的微量元素研究表明，猫岭金矿的As,Cd,B,Be,Sn,Bi,Pb,Sb明显偏高，其中As,Cd,B高度富集，Bi,Sb,Sn,Be,Pb中度富集；王家崴子金矿Pb,Cr,Cd,Zn,Be,Sn,As明显偏高，其中Cd,Bi,As,Pb,Sn高度富集，Cu为中度富集。矿石中As,Bi,B含量较高与赋矿围岩中该元素高的原始富集有关。岩矿显微鉴定和多种数理统计分析综合研究表明，Pb,Zn,Cu主要以方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿和黝铜矿等独立矿物形式存在，部分呈类质同像形式分布于黄铁矿、毒砂等硫化物中。As以毒砂形式存在，部分以类质同像形式存在于黄铁矿、雌黄铁矿、白铁矿和黝铜矿中：Sb,Bi以固溶体混入物形式分布于黄铁矿、毒砂和黝铜矿中；Sn,B以独立矿物形式赋存于黄铁矿、方铅矿和黝铜矿中；Cd与方铅矿和闪锌矿、黝铜矿有关；部分Cr,Be,B与云母和粘土矿物有关。     

山东省平度市大庄子金矿区黄铁矿、方铅矿与金的共生关系研究

通过对山东省平度市大庄子金矿区黄铁矿、方铅矿三个蚀变阶段特征研究,发现金矿化主要发生在第二阶段,强烈的石英-黄铁矿-碳酸盐化与金矿化的关系最为密切。金多数以包体的形式赋存于黄铁矿等金属硫化物中,并且在黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿等矿物共同产出时更有利于金的富集。研究认为石英和黄铁矿组合以及黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿的组合可作为金的富集指示性矿物组合,伴生矿物之中方铅矿含金性最好。方铅矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿呈细脉状、网脉状、斑杂状产于含金石英脉和团块状黄铁矿的裂隙中,研究发现细脉状较团块状黄铁矿含金性要好。     

新疆青河县科克萨依金矿金的赋存状态

科克萨依矿床属于区域动力变质热液型金矿。金的赋存形式多样,状态复杂,主要以不规则粒状自然金的形式赋存在石英颗粒裂隙处（裂隙金,51.59%）、石英晶粒间、黄钾铁矾矿物颗粒间、黄铁矿颗粒周边。自然金常附着在残缺细微粒黄铁矿、毒砂的表面。金还与少量的方铅矿、铜蓝伴生,以被包裹的不规则小滴状产出。另外自然金还以鳞片状薄膜状附着在石英脉与绢云母绿泥石片岩的接触面上。     

甘肃省文县阳山金矿安坝里南矿区矿石特征及金矿物赋存状态研究

甘肃阳山金矿安坝里南矿区是阳山金矿勘查程度最高的区段。矿区赋矿地层为泥盆系中统三河口群第三岩性段,控矿构造为安昌河—观音坝断裂。主要矿石类型为蚀变千枚岩型及蚀变斜长花岗斑岩型,其中金属矿物占3.51%,以黄铁矿、毒砂、辉锑矿为主,属贫硫型矿石。矿石中有益组分主要为金,其它有益组分不具备综合利用价值。主要载金矿物为黄铁矿,其次为毒砂。金矿物主要以包裹金、粒间金两种状态产出,以包裹金为主,该赋存状态有利于金矿物的浮选回收。     

舟曲羊里尾沟金矿地质矿化特征及找矿标志

羊里尾沟金矿是2007~2014年以来在迭部—武都砷汞锑金多金属成矿带上发现评价的一处中型金矿床。矿体主要赋存于下石炭统炭(硅)质板岩,局部赋存于炭(硅)质板岩夹灰岩,两组NW向断裂控制金矿带及矿体的产出,主矿体局部表现为厚度大、品位较富、倾向延伸80m左右、赋矿岩性以炭质板岩为主的大透镜体。金属矿物以黄铁矿为主,次为毒砂、辉锑矿,金矿物为自然金、银金矿,属粒径大部分在0.01~0.037mm之间的微细粒金。下石炭统炭质板岩,NW向断裂破碎带,硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化、碳酸盐化围岩蚀变,Au、As、Hg、Sb、W地球化学组合异常等是矿区的主要找矿标志。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

环境地球化学研究近十年若干新进展

环境地球化学学科在中国生态文明和美丽中国建设、国际环境公约履约及过去全球变化研究中发挥着越来越大的作用.本文简要回顾了中国过去十年在环境地球化学领域的部分研究进展,介绍了汞、持久性有机污染物和其他重金属污染物长距离传输研究进展;总结了汞、镉、锑、铊等非传统稳定同位素在地表生物地球化学循环过程中的同位素分馏规律及污染来源...     

MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界中的应用

该文介绍了土地勘测定界的专业背景知识及MapSUV的相关信息,阐述了MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界的应用,以及外业获取数据及内业处理的主要工作方法,最后对该系统在土地勘测定界中的应用前景进行了展望。