基于Android的外业核查系统设计与应用

地理国情普查的目的是全面获取地理国情信息,掌握地表自然、生态以及人类活动基本情况。本文利用Android操作系统的java开源技术,通过移动设备的二次开发,实现了地理国情普查外业核查系统,该系统实现了样本采集、路径数据的存储、地理信息数据的采集等功能,使得外业核查工作的自动化程度大幅度提高,从而有效的减轻了劳动强度,提高了工作效率。     

多地地下管线有了“电子身份证”

目前,德州中心城区共完成地下管线普查面积约172平方公里,管线总长度3980公里,地下管线已经完成校验并全部录人数据库,今后这些地下管线有了自己的“电子身份证”。据介绍,自从中心城区地下管线普查与管理系统建设工程项目全面启动以来,外业普查工作和监理工作已经全部完成,     

测绘数据外业采集项目的管理组织方法探讨

测绘外业数据采集是测绘项目的前提与基础,也是整个测绘项目中最复杂、工作环境最艰苦的工作。在叙述测绘数据外业采集常用方法的基础上,结合多年从事地测绘外业数据采集的实践经验、工程项目管理的相关理论与方法,总结了测绘数据外业采集项目有效的管理和组织方法,并做了深入探讨。     

专家介绍

四川省冶金他质勘查柏万灵 柏万灵（1961-）,男,教授级高级工程师、矿产储量评估师、国土资源部“资源储量分类及勘查规范标准修订”特聘专家,现任四川省冶金地质勘查院总工程师。1982年毕业于昆明工学院地质系矿产普查与勘探专业,先后在西南冶金地质勘查局603队、昆明地质调查所、四川省冶金地质勘查院工作。     

贵州省旅游资源大普查实施背景、技术要求与主要成果及意义

本文详细介绍了2016年全国首次全省性的、以县为单元开展的贵州省旅游资源大普查的实施背景、目标任务和主要技术要求。同时,还详细介绍全省旅游资源大普查工作从普查队伍组建、技术培训、资料收集、设计编写、实地普查、报告与图件编制等具体工作程序。最后对贵州全省旅游资源大普查取得的主要成果与意义进行了介绍。     

ASD FieldSpec 3地物光谱数据在水磨—大河地区岩性分类中的应用

以四川省旺苍县水磨—大河地区为研究区, 利用美国ASD FieldSpec 3便携式地物光谱仪野外实测岩矿波谱数据和ASTER遥感影像数据, 基于GIS平台, 根据野外实测的岩石光谱曲线和USGS光谱库的典型岩石光谱曲线提取端元波谱, 对区域影像像元的光谱曲线进行匹配, 采用ENVI4.4软件自动信息提取与人机交互解译相结合的方式, 进行岩性分类, 可以有效地划分区内岩性界线, 满足填图需求, 对辅助该区区域基础地质调查、矿产普查等具有重要的应用价值。      

第一次全国水利普查与全国水文统计年报数据对比分析研究

通过对第一次全国水利普查中河湖基本情况普查、行业能力建设情况及全国水文统计年报数据的作用、目的、范围、方法和指标体系等进行对比研究,进一步分析了水利普查与统计年报工作的关系,有助于帮助水文统计人员进一步认识和理解水利普查与水文统计年报的工作衔接问题。     

基于平板电脑的岩土工程勘察外业数据采集系统

在互联网、数据库技术高速发展的信息化时代,勘察外业数据依然采用的纸笔记录工作模式已经远远落后于时代的发展。在深入分析勘察野外作业流程及特点的基础上,利用java语言设计开发了岩土工程勘察外业数据采集系统。系统采用C/S+B/S结构,在客户端实现了地层、原位测试、取样、水位等外业数据的实时编录和传输,在服务器端实现了勘察任务的创建及推送、生成记录单、土层划分和数据输出等操作,简化了数据编录过程,直接输出数字化的勘察数据,为勘察大数据库的搭建与应用拓展提供了便利条件。通过对岩土工程勘察外业数据采集系统的初步探索与研究,希望可以为工程勘察钻探信息化提供有益的借鉴。     

基于VBA开发的矿体自动圈定及资源储量估算智能化

资源储量估算是地质工作主要任务之一,特别是三维软件运用,给矿山生产带了很大变革。在信息技术的推动下,利用三维软件资料收集,编写核实报告、年报,数据成图难度大。前人利用Excel表格自带函数进行估算,减轻了劳动强度,现阶段储量快速动态估算与管理,传统方法短时间内无法完成任务。利用VBA编写程序实现矿体自动圈定,通过验证符合矿体圈定要求,且显著提高了速度。同时用VBA编写程序,通过填写少量数据,结合Excel自带函数,实现资源储量估算智能化。     

天津：土地精细化管理迈出关键一步

日前从天津市第二次土地调查办公室了解到,为全面查清天津市农村土地利用状况。该市专项开展了覆盖全市的1：2000大比例尺农村土地利用现状调查工作。实现了天津市大比例尺、精细化管理土地的新突破,为实施“一张图”金土工程建设,实现国土资源现代化管理,保护耕地资源,明晰土地权属奠定了基础。近千名调查人员,采取远看近判的作业方法。进行逐图斑外业实地核实地类,外业调绘成果经内业数据整理初步完成建库工作。     

南秦岭下地壳组成及岩石圈的拆离俯冲作用

根据新提供的Pb同位素组成及岩石地球化学研究成果，本文进一步证实了位于北秦岭北界的明港地区发育的早中生代安山玄武质火山角砾岩岩筒所携带的下地壳捕虏体属于南秦岭。所恢复的南秦岭下地壳剖面自下而上为：底侵成因的变辉长岩-基性麻粒岩(其中含有榴辉岩及辉石岩的透镜体)-酸性麻粒岩。秦岭造山带总体的岩石因模型为：南秦岭(扬子块体)向北拆离俯冲，北秦岭地壳向华北仰冲，华北岩石因呈楔状插入秦岭造山带，拆离面约在中、下地壳之间。南秦岭俯冲岩片延伸的范围在平面上有可能达到400km。     

青藏高原综合观测研究站的回顾与展望

中国科学院青藏高原综合观测研究站从１９８８年建站到１９９８年以来,在各个方面均取得了长足的发展,横向生产性项目的开展和完成不仅解决了部队和地方的实际问题,而且缓和了观测研究站在运行过程中所面临的经费严重不足的问题,同时也为我所冻土专业研究人员提供了在生产中实践的机会,在基础理论研究方面,承担了国家攀登计划项目,国家基金项目,中国科学院重点项目和中国科学院冰冻圈专项项目等的研究工作,在多年冻土变化,     

Principles of spatial organization and evolution of the biosphere and the noosphere

In his last lifetime essay, “A Few Words about the Noosphere”, Academician V.I. Vernadsky (1944) wrote that all living organisms on the planet, including man, are integral to the biosphere of the Earth, its material and energy structure and cannot be physically independent of it even for a minute. However, the substrate that generates all living beings and is no less tightly bound to the biosphere has always been characterized by a significant geochemical heterogeneity, traced both in the vertical and in the lateral structure of all geospheres.

The present work is devoted to three most important aspects of modern geochemistry and biogeochemistry:

• — evolution of the ecological and geochemical state of the environment under conditions of a virgin (anthropogenically untouched) biosphere;
• — structural features of the geochemical organization of the modern noosphere;
• — specificity of the interaction of living matter with the environment under increasing anthropogenic load.

On the basis of theoretical concepts of biogeochemistry and geochemical ecology, formulated in the works of V.I. Vernadsky, A.P. Vinogradov, A.E. Fersman, B.B. Polynov, A.I. Perel’man, M.A. Glazovskaya, V.V. Kovalsky, E. Odum, B. Commoner, E.I. Kolchinskii and others, the author puts forward a hypothesis that there exist two qualitatively different stages in the evolution of the biosphere.The first stage is recognized as the period of natural evolution of the biosphere during which it evolves successively into a more complex and more biogeochemically specialized object. In the course of the geological time, this constantly results, on the one hand, in an increase in species diversity and the perfection of individual species, and, on the other hand, to directed improvement and a greater differentiation of the geochemical conditions of the environment. At this stage, the evolution of all systems of the biosphere that were controlled by the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation resulted in the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium, which was responsible for the cycling of all essential chemical elements and therefore providing ecologically optimal geochemical conditions in all ecological niches and for all species and biocenoses inhabiting the biosphere at any given moment.The beginning of the second stage is related to the appearance of reason and qualitative changes in the biosphere caused by the goal-directed activity of the human mind, as an entirely new geological force that appeared to be able not only to disrupt the functioning of natural mechanisms of self-regulation and selforganization, but also to transform the environment in the intersts of a single biological species, Homo sapiens. A direct consequence of this change was the uncontrolled transformation of the natural environment, during which the primary structure (geochemical background) created in the course of billions of years was eventually superimposed by a qualitatively new layer of anthropogenically-derived chemical elements and compounds, thus building an interference pattern of a new geochemical field with which practically all modern living organisms are now forced to interact.An outstanding feature of the new evolutionary stage of the natural environment, called by Vernadsky the noosphere, is that biogeochemical changes at this stage proceed at a rate which exceeds that required for the living matter to adapt to these changes. The result is the disruption of the existing parameters of the biological cycle, leading to the emergence of a significant number of endemic diseases of geochemical nature.The proposed approach was used to prove the anthropogenic genesis of existing geochemical endemic diseases and explain the mechanisms of their appearance. In addition, this approach allowed us to develop a new methodology for mapping zones of ecological and geochemical risk and noticeably simplify the procedure of monitoring distribution and prevention of all diseases of geochemical nature.     

铀钍的地球化学及对地壳演化和生物进化的影响

本文论述了在含挥发份和贫挥发份条件下Ｕ、Ｔｈ的迁移行为及其对地球和行星演化的影响,并阐述了造成地球独特地质演化历史的原因。提出了Ｕ、Ｔｈ在地球中的迁移模式以及该模式对地壳形成、演化的控制作用和对生物发展演化的可能影响。     

Wavelets and the Generalization of the Variogram

The experimental variogram computed in the usual way by the method of moments and the Haar wavelet transform are similar in that they filter data and yield informative summaries that may be interpreted. The variogram filters out constant values; wavelets can filter variation at several spatial scales and thereby provide a richer repertoire for analysis and demand no assumptions other than that of finite variance. This paper compares the two functions, identifying that part of the Haar wavelet transform that gives it its advantages. It goes on to show that the generalized variogram of order k=1, 2, and 3 filters linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials from the data, respectively, which correspond with more complex wavelets in Daubechies's family. The additional filter coefficients of the latter can reveal features of the data that are not evident in its usual form. Three examples in which data recorded at regular intervals on transects are analyzed illustrate the extended form of the variogram. The apparent periodicity of gilgais in Australia seems to be accentuated as filter coefficients are added, but otherwise the analysis provides no new insight. Analysis of hyerpsectral data with a strong linear trend showed that the wavelet-based variograms filtered it out. Adding filter coefficients in the analysis of the topsoil across the Jurassic scarplands of England changed the upper bound of the variogram; it then resembled the within-class variogram computed by the method of moments. To elucidate these results, we simulated several series of data to represent a random process with values fluctuating about a mean, data with long-range linear trend, data with local trend, and data with stepped transitions. The results suggest that the wavelet variogram can filter out the effects of long-range trend, but not local trend, and of transitions from one class to another, as across boundaries.     

A geodynamic model of the evolution of the Arctic basin and adjacent territories in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and the outer limit of the Russian Continental Shelf

The tectonic evolution of the Arctic Region in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic is considered with allowance for the Paleozoic stage of evolution of the ancient Arctida continent. A new geodynamic model of the evolution of the Arctic is based on the idea of the development of upper mantle convection beneath the continent caused by subduction of the Pacific lithosphere under the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates. The structure of the Amerasia and Eurasia basins of the Arctic is shown to have formed progressively due to destruction of the ancient Arctida continent, a retained fragment of which comprises the structural units of the central segment of the Arctic Ocean, including the Lomonosov Ridge, the Alpha-Mendeleev Rise, and the Podvodnikov and Makarov basins. The proposed model is considered to be a scientific substantiation of the updated Russian territorial claim to the UN Commission on the determination of the Limits of the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Region.     

Palaeoecology and the origin of the coconut

While botanists, archaeologists, historians and linguists have contributed to the debate on the origin of the coconut pollen analysts have been silent. This article attempts to integrate the results of recent palaeoecological research with findings from the other disciplines.