蜀南长垣坝构造带下三叠统储层控制因素

利用岩芯、铸体薄片、录井等资料对储层的微观特征研究表明,有利储层岩性主要为白云岩类和颗粒岩类,储层储集空间主要为次生孔隙和裂缝,孔隙度均值为3.11%,渗透率均值为0.9×10-3um2,表现出低孔、低渗及非均质性强的特征,为裂缝-孔隙型储层,并与沉积环境密切相关。嘉陵江组白云岩储层主要发育于云质泻湖及潮间藻云坪沉积环境;颗粒灰(云)岩储层主要发育于高能环境浅滩相。白云化作用及溶蚀作用则控制着储层孔隙的发育程度,裂缝极大地改善了储层渗透性。     

川东地区震旦系灯影组储层特征及其控制因素

采用宏观和微观相结合的 方法,通过扫描电镜、阴极发光等手段,分析川东地区震旦系灯影组钻井、岩心和露头剖面样品的镜下岩石学特征,研究川东地区震旦系灯影组白云岩储层的特征及控制因素。研究结果表明灯影组白云 岩储层主要发育在灯二段和灯四段,主要储集岩类型为微生物白云岩、颗粒白云岩和距两期风化壳0~200 m范围内的角砾白云岩和溶孔白云岩;储集空间以次生的孔、缝、洞为主,主要为粒间溶孔、粒内 溶孔、次生晶间孔、构造裂缝、溶洞等。沉积环境是影响灯二段储层发育的主要因素,其有利储集相带主要是位于水动力能量较强的或有利于造礁生物繁殖的高能颗粒滩和微生物云坪沉积环境;溶蚀作 用,特别是古岩溶作用是灯四段储层发育的主要因素。早期的桐湾运动形成了灯影组的大规模孔洞,而其后的构造运动则建立了研究区内特别复杂的孔隙－洞穴－裂缝系统。     

渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷古近系沙河街组三段白云岩储层特征

渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷古近系沙河街组三段白云岩分布广泛,是重要的油气储集层。根据钻井岩心、岩石薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针和地球化学特征等资料,对沙三段白云岩储层特征及其影响因素进行了详细研究。结果表明,沙三段白云岩有层状、结核状、均匀块状和裂缝充填等4种产状,岩石类型包括泥晶白云岩、粉晶白云岩和细晶白云岩,储集空间主要为次生孔隙和裂缝;白云岩储层物性较差,孔洞缝共同发育的层段是油气富集的有利层段,储层的含油性与储层的岩性及物性具有一定的相关性。目前白云岩储层正处于中成岩阶段,在埋藏过程中经历了机械压实、压溶、胶结、溶蚀、重结晶和白云岩化等成岩作用的改造,其中溶蚀作用可分为三期,后两期溶蚀作用极大地改善了储层物性,机械压实和胶结作用对储层物性起破坏作用;地球化学特征揭示了白云岩化作用的两种类型,即准同生期的回流渗透白云岩化和成岩期的埋藏白云岩化。影响白云岩储层物性的主要因素包括沉积环境、白云岩化作用和裂缝发育程度,沉积环境对白云岩储层物性起决定性作用,白云岩化作用对储集空间具有重要的改造作用,裂缝的发育极大改善了储层物性,提高了储层的储集能力。     

雷家地区沙四段致密油储层特征研究

雷家地区沙四段致密油的开采和研究刚刚起步,在地质认识方面尚不够深刻。本文通过对雷家地区沙四段岩芯观察、XRD衍射、铸体薄片、场发射扫描电镜、氩离子抛光扫描电镜、CT扫描及氮气吸附等方法对沙四段储层地质特征展开系统分析,结果发现:该区主要发育白云岩,根据组成矿物含量的不同可分为白云岩类、方沸石岩类和泥岩类3大类15种岩;孔隙度分布范围1.68%～11.65%,渗透率介于0.01～6.35mD,属于特低孔特低渗型储层;储集空间类型多样,主要发育溶蚀孔、晶间孔、有机质孔裂缝,该区孔隙结构较复杂,存在少量大孔,但主要由纳米孔组成,孔隙分布较为分散,喉道数量少,连通性差;根据该段储层孔隙结构及储集空间分布特征,将该段储层分为孔隙型、裂缝型和裂缝-孔隙型3类,其中孔隙型储层孔隙分布较为分散、连通性较差,裂缝型储层岩性主要为泥岩类,裂缝-孔隙型储层物性相对较好且主要发育在杜家台段。     

元坝气田长兴组储层特征与形成主控因素研究

本文以宏、微观资料相结合的方法,以优质储层发育与形成为主线开展了元坝气田长兴组礁滩储层发育特征研究。研究证明:(1)元坝气田长兴组礁滩储层岩石类型以亮晶生屑灰岩与亮晶生屑白云岩等颗粒岩为主,西部礁滩储层白云岩含量高于东部,长二段礁滩储层白云岩含量高于长一段浅滩储层;(2)储层类型以孔隙型为主,裂缝-孔隙型次之,储集空间包括晶间溶孔、晶间孔、粒间溶孔及裂缝;(3)元坝地区长兴组礁滩储层以Ⅱ、Ⅲ类为主,西部物性好于东部,长二段储层厚度远大于长一段。元坝地区长兴组储层受沉积相、构造活动及成岩作用等控制,受沉积前古地貌和燕山期后构造作用的双重控制,西部储层物性好于东部;3期破裂作用与3期溶蚀作用是形成储层的关键。     

川中磨溪地区龙王庙组晶粒白云岩储集性能及成因机制

以岩心观察和薄片鉴定为基础,结合沉积学、储层地质学等相关理论为指导,针对磨溪地区下寒武统龙王庙组晶粒白云岩开展了较精细的储层特征及成因研究。研究结果表明,川中地区龙王庙组晶粒白云岩储层储集性能良好,其主要的储集岩类型为粉晶白云岩及具残余颗粒结构的粉晶白云岩;储集空间包括晶间孔、晶间溶孔、溶洞与裂缝,总体上表现为"中低孔低渗"的孔隙型和孔隙-裂缝型储层。研究区晶粒白云岩储层的发育及演化受到沉积作用和成岩作用的共同控制:位于古地貌高地的台坪相及颗粒滩相为储层的形成奠定了物质基础;白云岩化和重结晶作用是形成现今粉晶白云岩及具残余颗粒结构粉晶白云岩的最直接原因;而多期溶蚀改造是研究区晶粒白云岩储层次生孔隙和溶洞形成的关键。综合以上研究认识建立了龙王庙组粉晶白云岩储层成因演化模式,并将其演化划分为同生沉积成岩阶段、埋藏阶段及构造破裂阶段。     

四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组储层研究

根据四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组野外剖面及钻井岩心的宏观及微观特征，结合常规物性资料，对其储层的储集空间类型、岩性与物性、纵向分布等基本特征以及沉积和成岩作用等主要控制因素进行了较为深入的研究，探讨了主要储层的形成与演化过程，预测了有利储层分布。该套地层的储层集中分布于雷口坡组雷三段中亚段，主要岩石为砂屑白云岩、藻粘结白云岩和晶粒白云岩；以溶蚀孔隙占绝对优势，溶洞和原生孔隙较少，裂缝起到连通孔隙的作用。该套储层属于中孔中低渗的孔隙型和中孔高渗的裂缝-孔隙型。它是在内碎屑滩和藻粘结颗粒滩沉积体的基础上经受了表生期和埋藏期岩溶作用的改造，以粒间溶孔、藻粘结“格架”溶孔和晶间溶孔为主的岩溶型储层，主要受沉积和成岩作用及其他因素控制，滩体和岩溶发育部位相叠合的中坝-双鱼石区块，为良好储层的分布区带。     

雪峰山西侧重点白云岩储层成岩、储集特征及质量影响因素

雪峰山西侧地区下古生界中-上寒武统和震旦系灯影组白云岩是潜在的重要油气储集层。作为主要目的层段．本区的白云岩类型主要包括结晶白云岩、残余颗粒白云岩、灰质白云岩和藻白云岩四大类。白云岩储层总体上均属于低-特低孔、低-特低渗储层。影响储层发育的成岩事件包括重结晶作用、白云岩化作用、溶蚀作用、破裂作用等。研究表明,白云岩结晶程度可以影响其初始孔隙的发育程度,具粉晶一细晶结晶程度的白云岩具有最好的孔渗性。白云岩化作用的强弱对储层物性具有较为直接的影响。最佳白云岩储层中主要储集空间包括晶间孔隙（包括剩余晶间孔和晶间溶蚀孔）、次生溶孔、洞和裂缝。总体上,较强的白云岩化作用、一定程度的重结晶、较发育的微裂缝、较好的区域渗透性、晚期压溶缝合线发育和晚期较大构造缝不发育等因素有利于白云岩储层的发育。     

塔里木盆地寒武系与蒸发岩相关的白云岩储层特征及主控因素

塔里木盆地寒武系广泛发育白云岩,其中中寒武统地层沉积了巨厚的蒸发岩,蒸发岩和白云岩可以构成很好的储盖组合,该领域也是塔里木盆地未来勘探的新领域。萨布哈白云岩和渗透回流白云岩是两种与蒸发岩相关的白云岩,其储层发育的主控因素也都与蒸发岩存在着直接或间接的联系。通过对大量岩芯、薄片、主量元素、稀土元素、碳、氧稳定同位素及锶稳定同位素等地球化学测试和测井资料的细致研究,系统总结了它们的岩石学特征、地球化学特征。萨布哈白云岩储层的岩性以含石膏的泥 粉晶白云岩为特征,孔隙类型主要为膏模孔和溶塌角砾砾间孔,萨布哈白云石化作用及伴生石膏的沉淀作用和准同生期大气淡水溶蚀作用是该类储层的主控因素;渗透回流白云岩储层的岩性以保留原岩颗粒或藻（丘）格架结构的粉晶白云岩为特征,孔隙类型主要为粒间孔、铸模孔、格架孔,渗透回流白云石化作用和大气淡水溶蚀作用是该类储层的主控因素。两者主要发育于塔里木盆地干旱气候背景下的中-下寒武统地层,其分布规律主要受沉积相控制。     

冀中坳陷任丘潜山雾迷山组微生物白云岩储层特征及演化

综合利用野外露头、钻井岩心、岩石薄片、测录井及分析化验等资料,对冀中坳陷任丘潜山雾迷山组微生物白云岩储层特征及类型开展研究,总结分析优质储层形成控制因素及演化规律。结果表明：雾迷山组主要发育微生物白云岩和与微生物相关的颗粒白云岩,其中微生物白云岩包括叠层石、凝块石、层纹石和核形石白云岩,与微生物相关的颗粒白云岩主要为砂砾屑白云岩;储集空间分为孔隙、裂缝、溶洞3大类,储层整体物性较差,整体上属于孔洞缝复合型低孔低渗储层,可进一步划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层。沉积环境是储层形成与演化的基础,溶蚀作用是形成多类型储集空间的关键,构造破裂作用是形成有效储集空间的重要补充。雾迷山组微生物白云岩储层演化经历沉积-同生成孔、Ⅰ期表生增孔、浅埋藏减孔、褶皱断裂改造-Ⅱ期表生增孔、深埋藏减孔等5个阶段,多因素共同作用最终形成现今2%～5%的孔隙度。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.