西藏罗仓地区昂杰组碎屑岩地球化学特征及物源

西藏罗仓地区昂杰组受控于班公湖-怒江缝合带和雅鲁藏布江缝合带,构造环境较为复杂,主要通过常、微量和稀土元素的地球化学特征,探讨了研究区的物源和构造环境,通过常、微量和稀土元素的指示作用,以及与其相邻相似地层拉嘎组、永珠组做了横向的对比,得出结论:研究区主要处于被动大陆边缘向主动大陆边缘过渡的晚期,海水逐渐变浅,沉积环境为海陆过渡相,物源区主要为沉积岩区,物源来自于上地壳,成分主要为长英质和少量古老沉积物成分夹杂少量基性物质。     

开鲁盆地南部下三叠统红砬组地球化学特征及沉积环境分析——以奈参1井为例

为揭示开鲁盆地南部地区下三叠统红砬组的构造背景及沉积环境,对奈参1井26件细碎屑岩样品进行了常量、微量以及稀土元素测试分析.研究表明：红砬组沉积物源具有多样性,主要来自上地壳长英质岩石源区,还有少量来自中、基性火成岩物源区.物源构造背景主要为主动大陆边缘,可能形成于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘构造背景.红砬组沉积环境总体上处于氧化-弱还原的陆相淡水-半咸水环境,向上水体盐度有增大趋势,古气候整体上为干旱炎热气候.     

大兴安岭中南段二叠纪砂岩主量元素地球化学特征及物源区构造环境的判别

通过对研究区内广泛发育的二叠系哲斯组和林西组砂岩进行岩相学及主量元素地球化学研究,探讨其物源区及其古构造环境。岩相学研究结果表明:二叠系哲斯组和林西组砂岩成分成熟度较低,表现为源区相对不稳定、快速剥蚀、快速搬运的特征。A-CN-K三角图解显示砂岩母岩中斜长石含量要高于钾长石含量,指示两组砂岩物源区母岩应以具英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩等岛弧性质的岩浆岩系列为主。主量元素判别图解揭示了物源区主要具活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧型并含有少量被动大陆边缘物源区特点,且总体呈现出由活动大陆边缘向大陆岛弧型物源区过渡的趋势。结合前人的研究成果,推测二叠纪砂岩的物源区主要为区域内广泛分布的大石寨组火山岩及研究区北侧及北西侧的苏尼特左旗—锡林浩特—西乌旗南岩浆弧物质并含有少量来自华北板块基底的物源供给。     

南天山阿尔夏特地区科克铁克达坂组物源区大地构造背景分析

南天山地区的科克铁克达坂组是保存于那拉提-红柳河缝合带南侧的一套晚志留世地层,总体出露较好,研究其物源区大地造背景对南天山造山带志留纪岩相古地理及构造背景研究具有重要意义。通过野外剖面测制,结合室内薄片鉴定及地球化学分析等工作,对科克铁克达坂组物源区构造背景进行了分析,结果显示其物源区为过渡陆壳源区、隆升基底源区,大地构造背景为稳定的被动大陆边缘。     

巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地岩石地球化学特征与物源区构造背景的探讨--以阿坝-若尔盖、小金-马尔康及雅江盆地为例

本文从岩石地球化学特征微观角度,探索巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地物源区构造背景。据盆地东部阿坝若尔盖、小金马尔康及雅江次级盆地岩屑砂岩宏量、微量、稀土元素地球化学特征,巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地物源区的大地构造背景在不同时期表现为被动大陆边缘、大陆岛弧、活动大陆边缘和大洋岛弧等。盆地边缘与不同性质的洋壳、陆壳和过渡壳呈不同程度的接触,是造成沉积物多来源、成分复杂的根本原因     

新疆塔县达布达尔地区二叠系神仙湾组杂砂岩沉积构造背景分析

新疆塔县达布达尔地区二叠系神仙湾组位于塔阿西构造混杂岩带南侧,总体为一套深海复理石建造,主要以杂砂岩为主。源区岩石没有经过充分的搬运、分选,成熟度比较低。杂砂岩的稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素富集和Eu亏损明显的特征,与典型的后太古宙页岩和上地壳非常相似。微量元素含量也接近于大陆上地壳值,说明杂砂岩中的物源来自上地壳。沉积环境分析表明,杂砂岩母岩原岩为大量长英质火成物质和少量沉积物,其形成于深海厌氧环境。大地构造背景分析表明,杂砂岩物源区的构造背景以大陆岛弧为主,兼具活动大陆边缘的性质。结合区域地质构造背景,认为下-中二叠统神仙湾组为裂陷盆地沉积。     

西昆仑塔什库尔干下-中侏罗统龙山组沉积构造背景分析

新疆塔什库尔干地区下-中侏罗统龙山组,位于最新填绘的唐盖河-新迭村构造混杂岩带（康西瓦构造带）的南侧,总体为一套青灰色-灰色碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩沉积,主要以泥灰岩和杂砂岩为主,源区岩石没有经过充分的搬运、分选,成熟度比较低。稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素相对平坦和Eu亏损明显的特征,与典型上地壳非常相似;而微量元素质量分数也接近于大陆上地壳值;说明下-中侏罗统龙山组物源来自上地壳。沉积环境综合分析表明,龙山组沉积环境为浅海陆棚-近滨-前滨环境,表现出进积特征,总体为一个海退序列,反映了寒冷干燥的气候条件下,海平面下降、残留海盆收缩的沉积构造环境。从物源区构造背景来看,龙山组以活动大陆边缘为主,兼具大陆岛弧性质。结合区域地质构造背景,龙山组为羌塘地块和昆仑地块拼合之后形成的残留洋边缘沉积,其主要物源来源于其北侧的康西瓦构造带。     

松辽盆地南部钱家店铀矿床姚家组砂岩地球化学特征及地质意义

沉积物的地球化学成分在沉积岩物源分析及构造背景的研究中具有重要的作用.对研究区4口钻孔中的姚家组砂岩进行了详细的岩石学和地球化学研究,结果显示,砂岩碎屑颗粒石英含量最高,长石次之,岩屑含量最低,平均值分别为42%、37%和21%,具有锆石+钛磁铁矿+石榴子石的重矿物组合,反映源岩以酸性岩浆岩或变质岩为主,Dickinson判别图解表明物源主要来自于大陆物源区;姚家组砂岩的稀土元素以轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦、中度铕负异常为特征.砂岩CIA值为52.02~60.16,平均值为56.69,反映了干燥气候背景下弱的化学风化作用.源岩属性判别图解表明源岩为再旋回的古老沉积物及长英质火山岩.主量、微量和稀土元素的构造背景判别图解综合表明姚家组砂岩物源区为被动大陆边缘构造环境,结合区域构造演化,认为姚家组砂岩的物源为华北克拉通北缘燕山陆内造山带发育的火山-沉积岩系.      

银额盆地查干凹陷下白垩统巴音戈壁组-苏红图组砂岩地球化学

砂岩地球化学特征可以有效反映物源区地质信息。为了探讨查干凹陷下白垩统巴音戈壁组-苏红图组砂岩物源属性与源区构造环境,进行了砂岩显微薄片鉴定和主量元素测定,结果显示,巴音戈壁组砂岩与苏红图组砂岩的岩石学特征较相似,主量元素特征稍有差异。综合研究表明,砂岩成熟度低,杂基含量较高,岩性以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主;物源区母岩主要为中酸性岩类(长英质为主),其次为中性和酸性岩类,也有极少量基性岩成分;研究区总体上长期处于构造活跃地区,气候寒冷干燥,碎屑物质化学风化程度低,源区构造环境以活动大陆边缘和岛弧环境为主,也有少量物源来自被动大陆边缘,基本上没有来自反映稳定构造环境的克拉通内部的物源;主体物源区构造环境以活动大陆边缘为主,其构造环境性质长期保持相对稳定。     

右江盆地中三叠统细碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源区、构造背景的指示

右江盆地位于华南板块西南缘与印支板块的结合部位,于中三叠世沉积了一套以细碎屑岩为主的巨厚浊积岩。研究区中三叠统细碎屑岩的主量、微量和稀土元素分析表明,细碎屑岩以杂砂岩和岩屑砂岩为主,其源岩来自大陆上地壳,物源区岩石类型主要为长英质沉积岩和火成岩,岩石风化程度中等偏高,构造背景为大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘。综合细碎屑岩稀土元素特征及前人对该区中三叠统古流向和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究,认为中三叠统碎屑物来源复杂,云开地区、江南造山带和越北地块是主要的物源区。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.