滇西北金顶超大型铅锌矿床成矿模式研究

金顶超大型矿床分布于西南三江褶皱系中南段的兰坪中-新生代盆地.兰坪盆地属处在扬子板块和藏滇板块之间的昌都-思茅微板块,在古特提斯基础上先后沉积了中-新生界海相-陆相碳酸盐岩、火山岩和碎屑岩建造,地层中有多个陆相含膏盐层位,存在多个沉积间断.     

中国三叠纪岩石地层划分和对比

中国的三叠系海、陆相同时发育,沉积类型齐全,分布广泛,但其分布和发育很不均衡,总体呈现为"南海北陆、东简西杂、下全上缺"的格局.中国南方(包括青藏高原)海相三叠系的基本生物-年代地层框架中,下三叠统直到上三叠统卡尼阶具有区域对比意义,部分标志甚至具有全球对比意义.中国陆相生物-年代地层框架可作为区域陆相地层对比的参照系...     

东濮凹陷下第三系沙河街组层序地层划分及盐岩成因探讨

应用层序地层学理论,通过对地质、地化、古生物、钻井和测井资料进行综合分析,再现了东濮凹陷下第三系沙河街组地层沉积岩相古地理,并再次探讨了该地区分布广泛、厚度巨大的盐膏地层的成因及盐的来源问题,认为东濮凹陷大量的盐膏层属于一种潮湿气候条件下受深大断裂控制的深水成盐模式,这种模式由于大量盐膏层与生油岩同期形成并与大量沉积砂体相匹配故极有利于形成生储盖配置良好的岩性地层油气藏。     

莎车坳陷晚白垩-古近纪沉积环境特征及成钾条件分析

通过对莎车坳陷盐系地层分布特征、野外沉积构造特征、岩石学特征、古环境特征、古气候特征以及岩相古地理特征等方面进行较深入的讨论和分析,认为莎车坳陷晚白垩-古近纪盐系地层主要为吐依洛克组和阿尔塔什组,岩性以膏盐岩为主,膏岩分布主要位于莎车坳陷西部和南部,沉积厚度以喀什凹陷乌泊1井附近为最.莎车坳陷野外露头波痕、冲刷面、泥裂...     

中国侏罗纪年代地层学研究的现状

“国际地层表”依据菊石带建立起来的侏罗纪年代地层系统在全球海相侏罗系的划分和对比中有着广泛的应用,但却很难直接应用于非海相侏罗纪地层系统中。中国的侏罗系多属非海相,近年来我国地质工作者们不但将中国的海相侏罗系与全球侏罗纪年代地层系统进行了较合理的对比,发现了穿越海相三叠系-侏罗系界线的连续沉积的剖面,而且建立了非海相侏罗系的阶。但是中国非海相侏罗系区域性阶的时代和不同阶之间的界线有待海相化石和地层测年来确定或检验     

膏盐岩对碳酸盐层系油气成藏的影响及勘探领域分析

世界范围内碳酸盐岩盆地油气勘探实践证明,其油气藏的形成多与膏盐岩有重要联系。通过论述膏盐岩对碳酸盐岩层系油气不同成藏要素的控制作用,认为与膏盐岩形成的环境(局限泻湖和台地边缘咸化洼地)有利于优质海相烃源岩的发育,且膏盐岩本身对有机质生烃具有催化作用。萨布哈蒸发潮坪和局限泻湖是膏盐-白云岩共生发育的主要沉积环境,膏盐岩的存在能够有效改善白云岩的储集物性。膏盐岩作为优质盖层,能够有效保护经历多期构造运动的深层碳酸盐岩油气藏,是大型海相油气田形成的关键。膏盐岩可以为油气运移提供通道,以及形成的盐相关构造为油气聚集提供场所。盐上和盐下油气成藏的控制因素不同,盐下比盐上具有更优越的油气成藏条件,更容易大规模成藏,且都可以作为有利油气勘探领域。     

鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系沉积微相与沉积模式

碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系是化学沉积分异作用形成的岩石共生组合,对其进行微相分析和沉积模式构建,有利于揭示蒸发环境下的沉积学信息,对油气勘探具有指导意义。依据鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组大量钻井、岩心资料,开展岩石宏观、微观观察,识别沉积微相,分析沉积序列,构建沉积模式。结果表明:马家沟组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系可划分出10类微相(MFT1-MFT10):盐岩、膏岩、含膏云岩、纹层状微粉晶云岩、颗粒云岩、粉—细晶白云岩、微生物云岩、生物扰动(灰)云岩、纹层状微晶灰岩、微晶颗粒灰岩;共生体系发育4类微相组合:(1)潮间上带—潮上带白云岩-含膏云岩-泥云岩组合;(2)潮间下带膏岩-藻云岩-白云岩组合;(3)潮下带纹层状灰岩-搅动灰岩-扰动灰岩组合;(4)潟湖内层状膏岩-团块状膏岩-盐岩组合。马家沟组为浅盆蒸发成盐,低海平面蒸发成盐,高海平面发育碳酸盐岩,海平面反复波动形成巨厚碳酸盐岩—膏盐岩共生组合。     

山东早第三纪膏盐分布及各成盐期膏盐物质来源分析

<正> 据目前掌握的资料,山东下第三系地层中,膏盐是比较发育的:在三十一个早第三系沉积盆中有十六个发现了膏盐沉积。这种现象令人深思:这些膏盐分属于哪几个成盐期?不同成盐期中,膏盐性质、规模及其分布有什么特征?不同成盐期的膏盐是否具同一物质来源?影响膏盐沉积的诸地质因素在时间、空间的变化情况如何?等等。正确地回答这些问题,对本区的膏(钾)盐成矿预测及普查找矿有重要意义,对区域成矿规律     

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩体系沉积特征与天然气成藏潜力

鄂尔多斯中东部地区奥陶系马家沟组发育巨厚的碳酸盐岩与膏盐岩交互的沉积体系,但对其沉积发育的规律性及其内部天然气成藏聚集的基本地质特征尚未形成明确的认识。通过对奥陶系碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩体系形成时的构造与古地理背景、沉积特征、储层发育、烃源供给及圈闭聚集等方面的分析,形成新的观点与地质认识:(1)受盐洼周边古隆起影响,奥陶系碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系形成于与外部广海周期性隔绝的局限海蒸发环境,导致其岩性“相控”与“层控”分布特征极为显著;(2)首次提出“非层状沉积分异”的概念,并认为它是控制奥陶系内幕“溶孔型”储层发育的决定性因素;(3)受区域岩性相变及后期构造反转的控制,奥陶系盐下层系具有形成大区域分布的岩性圈闭体系的有利条件;(4)盐下层系虽自身的海相烃源岩生烃潜力有限,但由于燕山期东部构造抬升与西侧上古生界煤系烃源“供烃窗口”及膏盐封盖层区域性连续分布等要素密切配合,仍具有规模供烃、大区带成藏的潜力。     

合肥断陷盆地北缘古近、新近系定远组含膏、含盐岩沉积特征,分布规律

合肥断陷盆地北缘古近、新近系含膏,含岩盐系可分为三个阶段:即早期为成膏,成盐准备阶段;中期为成膏,成盐强烈阶段;晚期为成膏,成盐消亡阶段.其韵律组成:定远东兴盐矿为两个或两个以上的韵律组成的韵律,即石膏-钙芒硝-盐岩-石膏,未达到钾盐沉积阶段.外围以硫酸盐为主的韵素组成的韵律,即石膏-钙芒硝-石膏韵素组成的韵律,未达到岩盐沉积阶段.水平分带呈"类似牛眼式构造".近东西构造控制着含盐盆地的演化、发展.     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界中的应用

该文介绍了土地勘测定界的专业背景知识及MapSUV的相关信息,阐述了MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界的应用,以及外业获取数据及内业处理的主要工作方法,最后对该系统在土地勘测定界中的应用前景进行了展望。     

环境地球化学研究近十年若干新进展

环境地球化学学科在中国生态文明和美丽中国建设、国际环境公约履约及过去全球变化研究中发挥着越来越大的作用.本文简要回顾了中国过去十年在环境地球化学领域的部分研究进展,介绍了汞、持久性有机污染物和其他重金属污染物长距离传输研究进展;总结了汞、镉、锑、铊等非传统稳定同位素在地表生物地球化学循环过程中的同位素分馏规律及污染来源...