鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组有机碳测井解释模型

有机碳含量是评价烃源岩优劣的重要指标。本文以合水地区延长组富有机质页岩为研究对象,以研究层段实测TOC值为基础,采用电阻率测井方法,根据多元回归分析的方法建立TOC与电阻率对数、自然伽马三者的数学模型。根据建立的模型对庄50井、宁70井TOC实测点与预测点误差分析显示,误差率为3.1%;运用模型对未实测井段进行TOC计算并画出长7段TOC平面分布分析,发现与长6段油藏有利区叠合度高,从侧面证明了该模型的有效性,可以在该地区推广运用。     

新疆大长沟盆地下侏罗统八道湾组油页岩测井识别

大长沟盆地石碳窑北下侏罗统八道湾组油页岩含矿区位于新疆巴里坤县长虫梁地区,是我国目前正在开发的优质油页岩矿床。本次在岩心观察和测试分析的基础上,运用测井模型开展油页岩评价,为本区油页岩资源评价提供依据。研究表明油页岩TOC与密度、电阻率和自然伽马测井曲线存在线性相关,通过测井曲线预测TOC,进而根据TOC与含油率的线性关系,计算含油率;本次优选ZK1601钻井密度测井曲线(R~2=0.47)与电阻率测井曲线(R~2=0.35),建立ΔLogR模型,通过对ΔLogR公式进行改进,进行ZK1601钻井的TOC值预测,预测TOC与实测的TOC线性相关性好,将该ΔLogR模型在ZK0010井进行验证,计算出的TOC与实测的TOC线性相关性良好(R~2=0.72),据此可对该区其他井开展预测,获得油页岩含油率、TOC、厚度、埋深等相关参数。     

松散地层钻孔涌水量预报方法研究

本文在讨论岩土饱和度与视电阻率关系的基础上,采用数理统计方法对天水盆地20口井的钻孔涌水量和视电阻率数据进行分析,建立了该地区松散层钻孔涌水量预报回归模型.选用一眼供水井实测数据对预报回归模型进行检验,实际涌水量与模拟值比较,两者相对误差为8.9%;进而采用该回归模型对其它供水井涌水量进行了预报,实际涌水量与预报值相比较,相对误差分别为7.0%、29.5%.结果表明,在河谷潜水井施工中,所建立的涌水量预报回归模型可在成井、抽水前预先估算钻孔涌水量,为地质与钻探决策提供了一定科学依据.     

川南威远地区龙马溪组一段页岩有机碳含量测井预测模型优选

在岩芯样品数量有限的情况下,无法获取连续的TOC数据时,可以使用测井曲线预测TOC含量.为验证不同测井预测方法在川南威远地区的适用性,基于X井中龙一段页岩的实测TOC含量数据及测井资料,分别用自然伽马能谱测井法、体积密度法、改进的ΔlgR法、多元测井参数回归分析法以及BP神经网络法建立TOC含量预测模型.使用三标度层次...     

页岩岩芯复电阻率频散特征主要影响因素的实验研究

影响岩石复电阻率及其频散特性的主要因素有孔隙水盐度、孔隙度、饱和度、渗透率、温度以及各向异性等,对于页岩还与TOC含量密切相关。实验中对昭通地区两口井59块页岩岩芯进行了复电阻率测量,分析了岩芯饱和水盐度、各向异性以及TOC含量对岩芯复电阻率及其频散特性的影响。发现页岩复电阻率和极化率随含盐饱和度增加而减小;在垂直与平行于层界面的方向电阻率与极化率相差较大,各向异性明显;页岩复电阻率与有机碳含量有着负相关性。实验结果为建立页岩储层建模和电磁勘探方法,对页岩储层进行勘探和综合评价提供了有价值的资料。     

利用测井数据进行岩性识别的多元统计方法

在中国大陆科学钻探CCSD-1井110～2 000 m井段实测资料的基础上,通过取芯井岩芯和相应测井曲线对应特征的分析,挑选出对岩性识别能力强的测井参数,应用多组判别分析方法,建立了研究区各类岩性的识别模型.应用该模型可对井剖面地层进行连续自动解释,获得整口井的岩性解释剖面图,为进一步的地质研究提供基础资料.最后将得出的结果与分层资料进行误差分析,以判断资料的可靠性和方法的实用性.     

姬源-陇东地区三叠系延长组长7烃源岩研究

烃源岩控制着油藏的分布,寻找姬源—陇东地区三叠系延长组长7段优质油藏,需明确优质烃源岩的品质与分布。运用深感应与英制声波时差重叠图法可对研究区烃源岩进行有效识别。通过实测 TOC数据分区建立基于测井数据的TOC计算公式,并利用该计算公式对其它井位进行 TOC值计算。依据 TOC值对烃源岩进行分类：TOC>10,为优质烃源岩;10>TOC>6,为中等烃源岩;6>TOC>2,为差等烃源。深湖平原与间湾控制着烃源岩的平面分布,优质烃源岩常发育于深湖平原,厚层优质烃源岩发育地区成为致密油藏勘探的重点地带。     

利用测井技术评价松辽盆地南部油页岩

为了利用松辽盆地南部已有钻井的测井资料评价油页岩,分析了松辽盆地南部嫩二段油页岩的测井响应特征,充分利用测井资料连续性的优势,采用5口井93块油页岩岩心的有机碳、含油率化验分析数据和测井响应特征,建立嫩二段油页岩的有机碳含量与含油率之间定量关系式T^a=0.548 6TOC+0.18和△logR、自然伽玛与有机碳含量之间的定量关系式TOC=6.262 8×△logR+1.05,进而建立利用测井资料定量评价油页岩含油率模型T^a=0.546 8a×△logR＋0.548 6×△TOC＋0.18。通过模型计算出的油页岩段的含油率与油页岩实测含油率数据基本一致,而且计算出的含油率值连续。     

综合物探方法在水文地质勘查中的应用——以东宁市浙江工业园勘查为例

针对东宁市浙江工业园急需查找后备水源地的现状,利用高密度电阻率法与激发极化法组合,在对已知井观测研究基础上,建立勘查区地球物理找水模型.进一步对相关区域勘查,结合水文地质资料和成井条件圈定井位,经钻井施工验证,成井率100%.通过多种物探方法在该地区应用的实际效果分析,高密度电阻率法与激发极化法组合模式在区域相似的水文地质条件下,在地下水勘查的应用中能提高其找水和成井的准确性.     

机器学习方法在浅层滩坝相薄储层孔隙度预测中的应用——以准噶尔盆地车排子地区白垩系为例

准噶尔盆地车排子地区白垩系储层以滩坝相沉积为主,储层砂体薄,纵向变化快,孔隙度估算难度较大。基于Xgboost机器学习算法,根据取心井的岩心实测数据,结合其对应的测井数据,建立了测井孔隙度模型。结果表明,研究区对储层孔隙度影响较大的测井变量为自然伽马测井、声波测井、密度测井和冲洗带电阻率测井,其相关系数分别为0.38、0.42、0.28和0.32。基于特征测井数据,利用Xgboost算法预测的孔隙度与实测孔隙度吻合度较高,相关系数为0.92,均方差为0.20。此外,对近期钻探的新井储层孔隙度进行预测,结果表明孔隙度较高的井段与试油数据相吻合,从侧面反映了模型的可靠性。这一结果为研究区油气藏评价和后期油藏模型的建立提供基础数据,有利于提高研究区勘探的精度。同时,该模型也可用于类似滩坝相、砂体薄的沉积背景下储层孔隙度估算研究。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.