BDS/GPS单历元阻尼LAMBDA算法及其在边坡变形监测中的应用效果分析

论述了BDS/GPS双系统组合下的单频单历元阻尼LAMBDA算法原理,并基于该算法实现一种实时远程变形监测系统。以理县某边坡变形监测应用为例,比较了GPS、BDS及其组合系统下的观测条件和阻尼LAMBDA算法定位效果：BDS的观测卫星数多于GPS,PDOP值相较于GPS也更加稳定;BDS单历元解标准差在N、E、U方向上分别为0.40 cm、0.31 cm、1.00 cm,优于GPS的0.61 cm、0.40 cm、1.74 cm。长期实验结果表明,在我国南部边坡监测中,BDS相比GPS具有一定优势。理县边坡23个月内位移量显著,3个监测站平均位移在N、E、U方向上分别达到8.70 cm、43.63 cm、18.03 cm。强降雨是引起土质山体滑坡的主要因素,使用累积降雨量和累积位移量建立线型回归模型,线性相关系数在0.98以上。在边坡监测中,可将实时的位移数据和降雨数据作为滑坡预警的重要依据。     

Magnitude-frequency relationship of debris flows in the Jiangjia Gully,China

The magnitude-frequency(MF) relationship of debris flows is the basis for engineering designs and risk quantification. However, because of the lack of debris flow monitoring data, research progress in this area has been relatively slow. The MF relationship of debris flows in Jiangjia Gully, Yunnan Province was evaluated based on a regression analysis of 178 debris flow events that occurred from 1987-2004. The magnitude-cumulative frequency(MCF) relationship of the debris flows in the Jiangjia Gully is consistent with the linear logarithmic transformation function. Moreover, observed data for debris flows in Hunshui Gully of Yunnan Province and Huoshao Gully, Liuwan Gully, and Niwan Gully of Gansu Province were used to verify the function. The results showed that the MCF relationship of highfrequency debris flows is consistent with the power law equation, although the regression coefficients in the equation are considerably different. Further analysis showed a strong correlation between the differences in the constants and the drainage area and daily maximum precipitation.     

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SOIL MOISTURE USING DUAL-FREQUENCY MICROWAVE RADIOMETER

1INTRODUCTIONSoil is the basis of human's living. Soil moisture plays asignificant role in studying the matter and energy ex-changes in global hydrology sphere. The evaporation ofsoil moisture has an influence on the water vapor cycle.Meanwhile soil moisture is also one of the firsthandmeasurable parameters in crop yield estimation and wa-ter resources management (JACKSON et al., 1993). Theinfluence of the interaction of land and atmosphere onsoil moisture can bring about anomalous cli…     

农田生产力监测中3种多源遥感数据融合方法的对比分析

借助多源遥感数据融合技术能够得到高时空分辨率的遥感数据,可以为高精度农业遥感动态监测提供强有力的支持。在诸多融合算法不断发展的情况下,评估每种方法的特点及其适用性,有助于找到最适宜的融合方法,进而应用于农田生产力监测的实践之中。本研究根据高标准农田建设成效评估对高时空分辨率生产力信息的需求,以宁夏灵武市农业综合开发项目区为实验区,采用线性拟合法、时序拟合法、时空融合法3种多源遥感数据融合方法,融合空间分辨率30 m的Landsat遥感数据的空间精度信息与空间分辨率500 m、时间步长8 d的MODIS遥感数据的高时相信息并对比不同方法对于农田生产力的空间格局精细化描述能力、对于农田生产力变化监测的能力以及运算速度的差异。研究结果表明：① 3种融合方法融合的30 mNPP数据均能显示出道路、田埂等线状裸地与田间NPP的差异,但是时序拟合法、时空融合法比线性拟合法更加清晰;在NPP相对均匀的田块内部,时空融合法比时序拟合法更能体现出农田内部均匀度的差异。② 线性拟合法仅适用于农田生产力年季变化的评估,不能用于作物生产力的实时动态监测;时序拟合法和时空融合法适用于农田生产力变化动态监测且时序拟合法适宜于大范围监测。③ 3种方法的计算速度差异显著,线性拟合法计算速率最快,时空融合法计算速率最慢;线性拟合法计算速率分别是时序拟合法和时空融合法的1.5倍和20倍。     

Satellite retrieval of hurricane wind speeds using the AMSR2 microwave radiometer

The AMSR2 microwave radiometer is the main payload of the GCOM-W1 satellite,launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in 2012. Based on the pre-launch information extraction algorithm,the AMSR2 enables remote monitoring of geophysical parameters such as sea surface temperature,wind speed,water vapor,and liquid cloud water content. However,rain alters the properties of atmospheric scattering and absorption,which contaminates the brightness temperatures measured by the microwave radiometer. Therefore,it is difficult to retrieve AMSR2-derived sea surface wind speeds under rainfall conditions. Based on microwave radiative transfer theory,and using AMSR2 L1 brightness temperature data obtained in August 2012 and NCEP reanalysis data,we studied the sensitivity of AMSR2 brightness temperatures to rain and wind speed,from which a channel combination of brightness temperature was established that is insensitive to rainfall,but sensitive to wind speed. Using brightness temperatures obtained with the proposed channel combination as input parameters,in conjunction with HRD wind field data,and adopting multiple linear regression and BP neural network methods,we established an algorithm for hurricane wind speed retrieval under rainfall conditions. The results showed that the standard deviation and relative error of retrievals,obtained using the multiple linear regression algorithm,were 3.1 m/s and 13%,respectively. However,the standard deviation and relative error of retrievals obtained using the BP neural network algorithm were better(2.1 m/s and 8%,respectively). Thus,the results of this paper preliminarily verified the feasibility of using microwave radiometers to extract sea surface wind speeds under rainfall conditions.     

Directional Analysis of Urban Expansion Based on Sub-pixel and Regional Scale: A Case Study of Main Districts in Guangzhou,China

Multi-scale data have had a wide-ranging level of performance in the area of urban change monitoring. Herein we investigate the correlation between the impervious surface fraction(ISF) and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS) nighttime stable light(NTL) data with respect to the urban expansion in the main districts of Guangzhou. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 8 Operational Land Image(OLI) data from 1988 to 2015 were used to extract the ISF using the linear spectral mixture analysis model and normal difference build-up index at the sub-pixel scale. DMSP/OLS NTL data from 1992 to 2013 were calibrated to illustrate the urban nighttime light conditions at the regional scale. Urban expansion directions were identified by statistics and kernel density analysis for the ISF study area at the sub-pixel scale. In addition, the correlation between the ISF and DMSP/OLS NTL data were illustrated by linear regression analysis. Furthermore, Profile Graph in ArcGIS was employed to illustrate the urban expansion from the differences in correlation in different directions. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The impervious surface(IS)in the study area has expanded to the northeast and the east, starting with the old urban zones, and the high-density IS area has increased by321.14 km^2. 2) The linear regression analysis reveals a positive correlation between the ISF and the DMSP/OLS NTL data. The multi-scale data changes are consistent with the actual urban planning of Guangzhou. 3) The DMSP/OLS NTL data overestimate the urban extent because of its saturation and blooming effects, causing its correlation with ISF to decrease. The pattern of urban expansion influences the saturation and blooming effects of the DMSP/OLS NTL data.     

CRInSAR与PSInSAR融合探测地表线性变形速率

提出利用CRInSAR与PSInSAR融合解算地表变形参数的算法。将CR点上获取的线性变形速率与高程改正结果作为PS基线网络的起算数据,依据最小二乘原理求解PS点上待求线性变形速率与高程改正值的最优解。这一算法可融合PSInSAR与CRInSAR两种算法的优势,起到很好的互补作用。实验显示,这一算法获取的线性变形速率精度可达±0.37 mm/a,高程改正值精度可达±0.5 m,证实该算法在实际地表变形监测中具备可行性。     

STUDY ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN NDVI PROFILE AND THE GROWING STATUS OF CROPS

Daily and ten-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) of crops were retrieved from meteorological statellite NOAA AVHRR images ,The temporal variations of the NDVI were analyzed during the whole growing season,and thus the principle of the interaction between NDIV profile and the growing status of crops was discussed,As a case in point,the relationship between integral NDVI and winter wheat yield of Henan Province in 1999 had been analyzed.By putting integral NDVI values of 60 sample counties into the winter wheat yield-integral NDVI coordination,scattering map was plotted. It demonstrated that integral NDVI had a close relation with winter wheat yield.These relation could be described with linear,cubic polynomial ,and exponential regression,and the cubic polynomial regression was the best way,In general ,NDVI reflects growing status of green vegetation ,so crop monitoring and crop yield estimation could be realized by using remote sensing technique on the basis of time serial NDVI data together with agriculture calendars.     

利用多元线性回归模型重构中国九大流域陆地水储量变化北大核心CSCD

GRACE与GRACE-FO任务间的数据空缺导致无法连续监测陆地水储量变化。基于此,本文采用多元线性回归模型,以GRACE/GRACE-FO陆地水储量变化数据为参考值,以降水、气温和模型模拟的陆地水储量数据为预测参数,采用3种不同策略重构中国九大流域2002-04~2021-12连续的陆地水储量变化。结果表明,基于去趋势项和去季节项信号重构策略的重构结果略优于去趋势项信号重构策略,且两者结果均优于整体信号重构策略,在人类活动或冰川融化频繁的流域(如海滦河、长江、西南诸河和内陆河流域)这种优势更为明显。此外,重构结果的性能也受GRACE/GRACE-FO数据信噪比和预测参数与GRACE/GRCAE-FO数据的相关性影响。