西安市居民用电量对气象因子的响应及预测

利用2010年2月1日至2013年8月31日西安市逐小时电力负荷资料及对应时段地面气象观测站数据,分析西安电力负荷的变化特征,研究气象敏感负荷与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明:电力负荷在不同时间尺度上呈现出不同变化特征,夏季和冬季是一年中电力负荷的高峰期;极端电力负荷出现在夏冬两季,其中夏季极端电力负荷出现频率占总数的74%;相比于其他气象因子,气温与气象敏感负荷的相关性最强,在5—9月呈正相关,10月至次年4月呈负相关,逐日气象负荷率随日平均气温的增加先逐渐减小,再逐渐增加,当日平均气温为17℃时,气象负荷率最小;日最高气温34℃为夏季引起西安市最大电力负荷增加的初始气温敏感值,36℃为强气温敏感值,38℃为极强气温敏感值,日最低气温-2℃为冬季引起西安市最大电力负荷增加的初始气温敏感值,-4℃为强气温敏感值,-7℃为极强气温敏感值。     

白水苹果优质高产气候资源分析

根据苹果生长习性和最适宜区气象指标,结合白水县的气候特点和苹果生产实践,研究分析白水苹果优质高产的气候资源和制约性气象灾害,并提出相应对策建议。结果表明,白水年日照时数2 300 h以上,全生育期日照时数占年日照时数的70%,有利于着色;日较差>10oC气温的平均日数占60%,有利糖分积累;年平均降水598.2 mm,雨量适中;最高气温>35oC的日数在5 d以下,达到苹果优质高产最适宜气象条件,对果实的膨大、糖分积累、品质、着色均有利。     

阜康葡萄双层覆膜防寒越冬实验效果分析

阜康葡萄双层覆膜防寒越冬实验结果表明：丰雪年雪被保温效果明显,双膜内平均气温增加11.3℃,双膜内最低温度在1.7～-4.5℃间;枯雪年双膜内平均气温增加8.3℃,双膜内最低温度在0.3～-9.2℃之间,葡萄可安全越冬。双膜内20cm处最低温度在丰雪年增温15.0℃,在枯雪年增温14.2℃。影响双膜内温度的主要因子为外界的平均气温、最高气温、最低气温及日照时数等。经分析,选用透光性好的覆盖物促使膜内地温快速回升,揭膜日期提前可避免春季的高温热害。根据天气变化灵活掌握揭膜和覆膜时间可有效避免葡萄遭受倒春寒危害。     

气象因子对稻纵卷叶螟两种监测效果影响研究

为了改进稻纵卷叶螟监测技术,明确气象因子对田间赶蛾和灯下诱蛾监测影响,应用临海市3个监测点稻纵卷叶螟成蛾数量消长动态监测资料,开展对2015年稻纵卷叶螟两种不同监测技术与气象因子需求关系及其影响原因进行了研究。结果表明:田间赶蛾和灯下诱蛾监测对日平均气温存在极显著相关,但对日雨量和日照时数无显著关联。经对模型分析提出:灯下诱蛾初始见蛾临界温度为日平均气温20℃,较田间赶蛾增加1-2℃;灯下诱蛾日平均气温处26℃左右时数量达高峰,较田间赶蛾峰期气温低1-2℃,相对灯下诱蛾较田间赶蛾对气温需求范围趋窄。     

气象要素对青岛崂山茶叶产量影响分析

为了研究茶叶产量与气象要素的关系,基于青岛市崂山区1994—2015年气温、降水量、日照时数、空气相对湿度及茶叶产量数据,利用数理统计方法,筛选影响崂山茶产量的关键气象因子,利用通径分析评价各因子的影响。利用1994—2013年产量资料与气象资料建立多元回归模型,2014—2015年做独立样本检验,结果表明:当5—7月中旬降水量偏多(少),5月中旬—6月上旬平均气温偏高(低),但是该时段最高气温偏低(高),而9月平均气温偏高(低),7—8月平均最高气温偏低(高)时,有(不)利于崂山茶叶的生长和提高茶叶气象产量。同时分析表明:当12月—下年2月日最低气温低于-10℃日数偏少(多),7月日照时数偏少(多),也有(不)利于崂山茶叶气象产量的增加。表明崂山茶叶生长季节适宜于雨量偏多、平均温度偏高,温度变化趋势平稳,极端高(低)温少的气象条件。利用这些关键气象因子建立的影响茶叶气象产量回归模型,能够较好的拟合崂山茶叶产量,研究结果为开展崂山茶叶产量评估与气象服务提供了技术支撑。     

改进的武汉中暑气象模型及中暑指数等级标准研究

为了更好开展高温中暑气象预报服务和气候评价工作,以武汉市2003-2005年高温期间逐日中暑人数与当天、前期共33个气象因子为基础资料,通过相关普查寻找关键气象因子,通过逐步回归方法建立了改进的中暑气象模型,修订了1990年代研制的中暑指数5级划分标准,新提出了中暑天数的推算方法,并进行了回代检验和2006-2007年试报检验.结果表明:中暑人数与当日各项气温、气压、日照时数为正相关,与总云量、相对湿度为负相关,其中气温最为关键,考虑前期气温累积效应后相关系数有所提高;日最高气温≥36℃的累积高温为首选因子,比1990年代的临界指标上升1℃;建立了3套预报(评估)模型,并推荐使用以日最高气温≥36℃的累积高温、日平均气温为因子的模型;回代试验、试验报检验表明,改进的模型、等级划分标准科学适用.     

华中电网日负荷与气象因子的关系

从华中电网4省1997年2月至2000年5月逐日的电力负荷资料中分离出随气象因子变化的气象负荷，分析了气象负荷和同期的气象资料的相关关系，重点研究了气象负荷随气温变化的规律，探讨了华中各省气象负荷与气温关系的异同。研究表明华中电网日负荷与日平均气温的相关关系明显，在日平均气温大于20℃时相关系数为正，小于20℃时为负，在气温为25－28℃时负荷对气温的变化最敏感。     

气象条件对高酸苹果若干品质因子的影响

根据2011-2014年我国北方主要苹果产区7省(区) 17个市县的高酸苹果代表品种——澳洲青苹的取样资料,结合相应站点的气象资料,采用数理统计方法,研究了影响高酸苹果主要品质构成因子总酸、可溶性固形物、维生素C、出汁率的气象因子及关键时段,建立了数学关系式。结果表明,从影响要素上来看,气温、降水、日照时数和相对湿度是影响苹果品质最主要的气象因子;从影响时段上看,成熟前7、8、9月最为关键。在高酸苹果的4个品质构成因素中,总酸含量与7月日照时数、9月日照时数及7-9月气温日较差呈正相关,而与1月平均气温、7-9月空气相对湿度、4-9月降水量、7月水热系数及4-9月水热系数呈负相关;可溶性固形物含量与1月平均气温、9月空气相对湿度、5月降水量、9月降水量及9月水热系数呈正相关,而与8-9月日照时数、2月气温日较差及9月气温日较差呈负相关;维生素C含量与7月空气相对湿度、7月降水量、4月气温日较差、7月水热系数呈正相关,而与7月平均气温、9月平均气温、2月降水量及9月≥10℃有效积温呈负相关;出汁率与1月最高气温、4月日照时数及9月日照时数呈正相关,而与5月空气相对湿度、4-9月降水量、4月水热系数及4-9月水热系数呈负相关。研究结果可为高酸苹果的农业气象指标鉴定、气候区划及产业规划布局提供技术支撑。     

气候变化对四川盆地作物生产潜力的影响评估

计算了四川盆地作物的光合生产潜力、光温生产潜力和气候生产潜力,选择代表站点分析了主要气象因子的变化特征及其对生产潜力的影响。结果表明,四川盆地日照时数和降水量在减少,气温在升高,日照时数和降水量的减少使生产潜力降低,而气温升高具有增加作用;各类生产潜力在1970 s都属于高值时期,光温生产潜力在2006年达到另一个高值;近十年各类生产潜力平均值均较1970 s有所减少,盆地平均气温升高1℃,光温生产潜力增加6%,降水量减少10%,气候生产潜力减少1.6%。     

多因子综合点聚图预报“倒春寒”

一、确定倒春寒天气标准在历年3月下旬到4月中旬这段时间内,日平均气温低于或等于12℃,并连续等于大于4天者;连阴雨日等于大于6天者;有冰雹或雪者。凡符合上述任意两条即称为“倒春寒”天气。二、选取预报因子我们用综合点聚图方法,主要选取季节转换和特殊极值的要素,从本站历年资料中选出10组预报因子。X_1年最高气温与12月最低气温X_29月降水量与12月平均气温     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.