X波段VV极化地面杂波测量研究

对X波段，VV极化的外场地杂波试验进行了总结，包括测量系统，原理，测试内容，并提供了后向散射系数测量结果和分析，测量地形包括干草地，裸露土壤和绿麦地。     

平行摄影测量的原理及应用

由于地面立体摄影测量能够真实、详尽地记录摄影瞬间客观景物的形态，具有良好的量测精度和判读性能，因此得到了广泛应用。但常规地面立体摄影测量需要有一定宽度的场地来布设基线，当在一些狭长地带或在线性工程中，摄影测量将受到限制。为此本文对等偏摄影测量的极端形式－－平行摄影测量进行了深入研究，并进行了大量实施，得到如下结论：在狭长地带，平行摄影测量的精度远高于正直地面立体摄影测量。     

工程建设施工监理中的测量复核

根据工程实践对工程建设施工监理中的测量复核问题进行了简要阐述，重点对建筑误差和监理测量复核中的复测较差的误差进行了分析探讨，仅供工程监理和施工管理测量人员参考。     

保护测量标志问题之我见

保护测量标志问题之我见梁照领一、客观的现实保护测量标志刻不容缓，救救测量标志……这是广大测绘工作者的强烈呼声和愿望。测量标志是国家进行各项经济建设和国防建设的基础性设施，是进行各种测绘活动的重要依据。建国以来，国家在经济困难的情况下，投入了巨大的资金...     

激光扫描测量系统的应用研究

介绍了激光扫描测量技术的原理，并就激光扫描测量在工业中堆体的实时变化监测的技术和方法进行了探讨和研究，提出了一种基于激光扫描测量堆体变化的快速监测方法。实验表明：这种测量技术与传统的测量方法相比具有较强的实时性和较高的测量精度。     

GPS在动态测量的应用

过去的几年中，测量界已逐步采用GPC卫星测量，开始，测量采用二台或更多台接收机化一个小时或几个小时在所测的点进行静态测量。近来，新的GPS测量技术一动态测量一即“走”停已经采用，这种技术在保持精度和质量的同时，还提高了产量。它能使用GPS卫星在短时间内定点，并在任何地方，对运动的物体进行跟踪测量并记录，且它的精度可望达到厘米级。     

光束法平差在工业测量系统TSST中的应用

本文将经纬仪工业测量系统模拟摄影测量系统，把角度传感器视为摄影机，将物方点的角度观测值化算为虚拟像点坐标，从而按摄影测量光束法平差进行两台或多台经纬仪间的系统定向和空间坐标解算。利用光束法平差技术研制开发了中文ＴＳＳＴ２．００工业测量系统软件；对经纬仪整平状态和未整平状态下的实际测量结果进行了比较和分析，研究结果表明利用光束法平差技术可以处理经纬仪在任意姿态的观测值，其精度达到了整平状态的结果；最后还介绍了ＴＳＳＴ工业测量系统在实际测量中的应用。     

敦煌辐射校正场方向反射特性测量与评价

和为中国遥感卫星辐射校正场项目的前期准备工作，于１９９４年６月和１９９６年９月，利用自知研制的智能型野外双向反射特征性面测量系统－－ＶＦ９２１对敦煌辐射校正场地面方向反射特性（ＢＲＯＦ）进行了测量。通过对这两次测量数据的处理和分析，对场地地ＢＲＯＦ特性进行了分析和评价。同时，对于整个测量系统和数据获取与处理中还存在的问题进行了讨论。     

地面摄影测量在水电工程测量中的应用

某水电站坝址区河床狭窄，地形陡峭，给工程测量带来很大的困难，我们曾试用地面摄影测量方法进行断面测量，地形测量和开挖工程坡顶点放样，收到较好的效果。关于用地面摄影测图方法进行断面测图的原理和方法已在《测绘通报》1981年第三期上作了介绍，下面仅就用这一方法进行陡坡地区地形测量和开挖线放样方法作一简介，供同志们参考。     

工程建设施工监理中的测量复核

本根据实践对工程建设施工监理中的测量复核问题乾地了简要阐述，重点对建筑误差和监理测量复核中的复测较差进行了分析探讨，仅供工程监理和施工管理测量人员参考。     

江苏省海岸线演变及地质灾害遥感分析

江苏省漫长的海岸曾经历了大淤大蚀的沧桑变化。现代海岸仍经常受到侵蚀崩岸、岸滩淤涨以及沿岸泥沙流的袭扰破坏。沿岸港口建设、交通航运及滩涂围垦等也不时受到危害,成为江苏海岸带特有的地质灾害。     

苏南运河航运量的遥感估测

本文介绍通过从遥感图像上测量船的长度和宽度,并对船的类型进行分类统计及进一步计算运河航运量的方法。     

SOME HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYORS OF THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY

Abstract

In previous contributions to the Review the author outlined the development of hydrographic surveying in this country during the latter half of the 18th century. The surveys which Mackenzie, Spence and Bligh carried out at this time were largely inshore, covering areas within sight of land where prominent marks could be used for fixing by sextant resection. This was natural enough, for the accurate delineation of the hydrography of coastal waters and channels was an obvious starting point once the navigator had become convinced of the value of a precise hydrographic survey in his quest for safe navigation. It was soon apparent, however, that some of the offshore banks were equally dangerous from a navigation standpoint, particularly in the North Sea where many shoals and banks lay close to established and well-used shipping lanes. Time and time again vessels had foundered on these banks simply through a lack of accurate information about their true position and extent; on the existing charts they were either badly misplaced or oftimes not shown at all.     

THE ADJUSTMENT OF TRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELS AND THE EVALUATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF TERRESTRIAL REFRACTION

Abstract

This paper is written primarily with the object of ascertaining how other Colonies and Dominions deal. with the adjustment of their trigonometricallevels; further, since the greater part of Nigeria is now covered by a framework of levels of primary accuracy it is of interest to examine the results. Moreover, the evaluation of the coefficient of refraction, and from it the temperature lapse-rate, is of some importance in view of the recent publication of the War Office Aneroid Tables. These tables are based on a standard lapse-rate of temperature.     

THE ORDNANCE SURVEY AND THE FINAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE OF 1935

Abstract

The conclusions of this Committee have aroused small interest so far, because war was upon us almost as soon as the publication (1938). They may, however, greatly affect our surveys and maps of the future, and it is time to examine them. First of all, however, it is desirable to see the background against which the Committee's recommendations appear. For that reason the following chronological summary is given. It is divided into three periods, those of Growth, of Hesitation and of War, and it is given to supplement the chronology of the Final Report in matters which are discussed therein.     

SIR DAVID GILL AND THE GEODETIC SURVEY OF SOUTH AFRICA AND THE ARC OF THE 30TH MERIDIAN

Abstract

In the memoir of the late Capt. G. T. McCaw which appeared in the January number of this Review (vii, 47,2), reference was made to the part which the late Sir David Gill played in the origin of the work on the survey of the Arc of the 30th Meridian in Africa. This year is the centenary of Gill's birth, as he was born in June 1843, and it is therefore timely to give some account of his work during his long term of office as Her Majesty's Astronomer at the Cape which resulted inthe inception and completion of the Geodetic Survey of South Africa and the survey of the Arc to the southern shores of Lake Tanganyika. He died on 24th January 1914.     

工具型地理信息系统的结构与功能分析

地理信息系统,从用户的角度可分为两类:实用型地理信息系统和工具型地理信息系统。本文着重讨论了工具型地理信息系统的结构,详细分析了各子系统应具备的基本功能。     

用MODIS数据监测京津风沙源工程区植被指数的选择及合成

通过对比分析MODIS数据的标准归一化差分植被指数、土壤调节植被指数及增强型植被指数的特点,最终选择标准归一化差分植被指数(NDVI)对工程区进行监测。并阐述了最大合成法合成MODIS植被指数是一种行之有效的方法。     

面向共享的空间元数据管理框架研究与设计

在空间数据应用范围日益拓宽的同时,空间元数据的共享问题成为限制其发展的主要瓶颈之一。本文分析了目前我国空间元数据管理中存在的问题,列举了两种可行的空间元数据共享策略及相应的国际标准,探讨了面向共享的空间元数据的管理框架。     

COMPUTATION AND MAPPING OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE WATER-ICE BUDGET OF GLACIERS

Two general approaches for compiling maps of components of the water-ice budget in regions of glacier nourishment are compared and the resulting maps are analyzed. The compilation of raw data is based on field measurements rather than remote sensing information. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Materialy glyatsiologicheskikh issledovaniy, 1991, No. 72, pp. 94-102.