综合物探方法在维拉斯托铜多金属矿床北侧寻找隐伏矿体的应用

维拉斯托铜多金属矿床北侧第四系覆盖严重,用地表地质手段很难发现该区是否存在隐伏矿体,因此,本文在系统梳理地质资料的基础上,综合运用重力、磁法、激电中梯及CSAMT法对该区进行了勘查工作,通过以上工作,在该区推断出3条断裂,圈定出2处找矿靶区,通过钻孔验证,成功找到一处隐伏矿体,总结出一套在覆盖区寻找隐伏矿体的技术方法组合。     

辽宁调兵山硅灰石矿床地质特征及找矿潜力

辽宁省调兵山硅灰石矿为特大型矿床,矿床分为3个矿段,控制程度较高的为泉眼沟矿段.硅灰石矿体主要产于古生界富拉堡子岩组硅化大理岩层内,矿体受层位、岩性和岩浆岩的控制.矿体走向NEE向,倾向SE,矿化带长约2000m,出露宽度14～65m.矿化带伴生有金、钼、铅锌、银等金属元素.鉴于矿体与围岩有较显著的物性差异,特选择覆盖区段进行激电中梯剖面测量,获得3条走向NNE向的电阻率异常带.推测视电阻率在2400～900Ω·m之间的异常区域为隐伏大理岩和硅灰石矿体赋存的最有利部位.6个钻孔的验证均见到硅灰石矿化,揭示了区内进一步扩大硅灰石储量的远景.     

内蒙古高尔旗半隐伏银铅锌多金属矿中大比例尺重力测量应用效果

在内蒙古高尔旗银铅锌多金属矿玄武岩覆盖区开展了重力测量工作。矿体处在1∶5万剩余重力正负异常交替带之负异常一侧等值线同向扭曲处。1∶1万重力、激电、土壤测量成果显示,矿体与近EW向条带状视极化率异常、土壤铜铅锌银等多金属异常带相对应,处在重力、视电阻率高低异常的变化带上。矿体北侧对应剩余重力负异常、低阻,南侧对应剩余重力正异常、高阻。北侧剩余重力负异常为较低密度的隐伏岩体(石炭系正长花岗岩)引起,低阻主要与近EW向构造破碎带及赋存其中的大脉网脉状矿(化)体有关;剩余重力正异常与较高密度泥鳅河组有关,高阻是泥鳅河组细粒长石石英砂岩、粉砂岩引起,也许正是这套细粒长石石英砂岩及粉砂岩的致密性对矿液的运移起到了阻隔作用,才得以在其北侧的构造破碎带中富集成矿。可见中大比例尺重力、激电、土壤测量工作不仅为研究成矿环境提拱了重要的地球物理依据,同时也为矿体定位提供了重要信息。     

滇西北香格里拉市红牛—红山铜矿勘查系统模型

滇西北红牛—红山铜矿床是义敦—沙鲁里岛弧上与晚白垩纪中酸性侵入体有关的典型的斑岩-矽卡岩-热液型铜矿床。本文通过对其成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿化富集规律及成矿模式、矿床地球物理和地球化学特征的综合研究，建立了红牛—红山铜矿床的"大比例尺地质填图和综合研究+重力+激电和高精度磁测+土壤化探测+工程验证"组合勘查技术方法、"燕山晚期石英二长斑岩+接触带矽卡岩和层间破碎带矽卡岩+重力低异常+高磁异常+高视极化率和低视电阻率异常+Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag-Au等元素综合异常"组合勘查模型。地质调查研究确定矿床成矿地质体和找矿地质体、矿化类型及其空间分布规律，建立矿床"四位一体"的成矿模式和区域-矿区地质找矿模型。区域中小比例尺的土壤化探测量确定区域找矿靶区，大比例尺土壤化探测量进一步缩小找矿靶区，逼近矿体赋存部位。矿区处于1∶5万土壤测量圈定的Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo-Au-Ag元素综合高异常区，1∶2.5万土壤测量圈出Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-W元素综合异常面积较大、强度高、浓集中心明显、元素套合好，与矿区铜（铁）矿体赋存区域异常相对应。区域重力低异常区和正磁异常强度高区域是重要的找矿靶区，矿区大比例尺磁异常和激电异常区确定了矿体的空间位置和产状；矿区铜（铁）矿体赋存区为低视电阻率、高视极化率异常区，高精度磁测表现为正负磁异常相伴。矿区地质-地球化学-地球物理综合勘查模型对矿区深边部找矿起到重要的指导作用。     

综合电磁法在内蒙某铁锌矿床勘查中的应用

在内蒙古东乌旗某铁锌矿床的勘查中,先后采用了磁法、大功率激电法和可控源音频大地电磁测深法:即利用磁法异常圈定异常区,在此基础上应用大功率激电法推测矿区矿化范围及构造展布情况,最后利用可控源音频大地电磁测深法反演电阻率断面图解释地下构造产状及矿(化)体赋存空间。根据综合电磁法资料处理成果,解释矿区存在3个高磁异常,以及与其相对应的北东向致矿构造带,并以DJ1构造带为对象,确定了矿体位置及断层F1、F2的产状。85、95二条测线上布设的11个见矿钻孔表明,矿体赋存位置、产状及构造形态与综合电磁法勘查结果基本吻合。     

物探技术在布敦乌拉隐伏矿产勘查中的应用效果

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗布敦乌拉矿区多为第四系覆盖。在该矿区多金属勘查中,依据土壤地球化学圈定的矿化异常布置激电中梯测量,圈定1处激发极化率异常区,长度约890m,宽度约520m,位于已知断层F 1与推断断层F 2之间。采用可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面对该激电异常进行探测,解释视充电率多峰异常与反演电阻率高低跳跃对应区域为矿致异常区。通过钻探验证,发现银多金属矿床资源储量523.93万t,取得了良好的地质找矿效果。     

综合地球物理方法在蒙古国中戈壁省某 铁-锌多金属矿区勘查中的应用

采用高精度磁法与双频激电法相结合的方式对蒙古国中戈壁省某铁-锌多金属矿区进行地球物理勘查评价,圈定出多个低磁、高视幅频率、低视电阻率异常区,经工程验证该异常由多个铁-锌金属矿体引起,矿体赋存于花岗岩与大理岩接触交代所形成的矽卡岩带内,矿床成因类型为接触交代矽卡岩型,矿床规模为中型。该矿区研究结果表明,高精度磁法与双频激电法的联合应用,可以快速圈定深部铁锌多金属矿化异常体,并为后期探矿工程部署提供依据,是寻找同类型矿床的有效方法之一。     

激发极化法在甘肃瓜州县辉铜山铜矿外围隐伏铜矿勘查中的应用

通过分析辉铜山铜矿体特征及矿山开采时深部找矿成果,发现矿体具SE向倾伏趋势,地表被大面积第四系覆盖。对测区岩(矿)石进行物性测量,发现区内矿石具高极化中低阻电性特征,与围岩电性差异明显,可用激发极化法进行深部地球信息探测。在1∶1万矿区地质填图基础上,采用激电中梯和激电测深2种方法进行矿产勘查,圈定2处明显的激电异常。结合区内地质特征和钻孔资料,发现高极化中低阻激电异常与推测的隐伏铜矿体具良好的空间对应关系,显示该矿区具良好的深部找矿潜力,为进一步详查工作提供了依据。     

内蒙古维拉斯托地区高精度航磁调查与应用研究

维拉斯托地区位于大兴安岭成矿带内,区域内构造发育丰富,成矿条件优越,继续找矿的潜力巨大.采取向上延拓、小波分析、边界识别等技术对维拉斯托地区的航磁数据进行处理,结合已有地质资料,进一步完善了维拉斯托地区的地质构造,梳理出维拉斯托、拜仁达坝矿床的形成过程.通过航磁异常视磁化率成像反演结果提取出维拉斯托北侧地下的隐伏岩体信息.结果表明:（1）维拉斯托地区的北东向左行剪切性质断裂破碎带整体控制了该区的岩浆活动和矿体运移,同时该断裂带也是东南负磁异常与西北正磁异常之间的磁性过渡带,因此已知矿点与研究区构造分布、磁性强弱分布密切相关.磁异常反演结果显示维拉斯托北侧地下深部可能存在隐伏岩体.据此,本文划分了3处成矿远景区,可为后续找矿工作提供一定参考.（2）向上延拓与小波分析结果显示白音查干-达青牧场断裂（F1）和助力可河断裂（F2）形成时间早、向地下延伸深,是控制维拉斯托地区岩浆活动和构造发育的主断裂.结合倾斜角法等边界识别结果,对研究区内断裂与磁性岩体分布进行了较为精细的拟定,共识别出14条断裂与11处磁性岩体,根据其形成与分布发现维拉斯托是研究区的成矿中心,来自深部的成矿流体经F1与F2在维拉斯托附近上升富集,再由西向东,沿中部北东向断裂破碎带（F3、F4、F5、F6、F7、F10等）运移至拜仁达坝,最终逐渐形成大兴安岭地区两个典型的多金属矿床.      

激电测量在寻找硅质角砾岩型铀矿中的应用

对硅质角砾岩型的320矿床的典型剖面进行综合物化探研究结果表明,这类矿床的隐伏铀矿体具有高值大范围的极化率(η_(?))异常,激电测深可圈定矿体的埋深、产状、规模等特征,激电法是寻找这类隐伏铀矿的高灵敏度方法。在这类矿体的地表还有γ,Po,He,Cu,Mo等物化探异常,根据这些综合异常可推断激电异常是否反映了隐伏铀矿体,大大提高物化探综合找矿的能力。对320矿区外围同类异常点进行综合物化探研究的结果,在WBC地区发现了大范围高值激电异常及其它综合物化探异常,而且地质条件、区域航测、重力、水化学、分散流等异常特征也与320矿区相似,预测为隐伏铀矿远景区。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the