Reparameterization of single difference and undifferenced kinematic GPS positioning models

A series of advantages of single difference(SD)and undifferenced(ZD)models are given as compared with the double difference(DD)model.However,rank defects exist in SD and ZD models.The reparameterization method is provided to resolve this rank defect problem by estimating some combinations of the unknowns rather than the unknowns themselves.The reparameterization of SD and ZD functional models is discussed in detail with their stochastic models.The theoretical confirmation of the equivalence of undifferenced and differenced models is described in a straightforward way.The relationship between SD and ZD residuals is given and verified for some special purposes,e.g.research on the stochastical properties of GPS observations.     

智能手机BDS/GPS非差RTK定位软件实现及性能分析

针对当前智能手机终端伪距观测值精度不高和单系统稳定性较差的问题,该文基于安卓(Android)平台开发了一款BDS/GPS融合系统非差RTK定位算法应用程序.该应用程序既可作为手机导航芯片原始观测数据记录软件,也可作为定位算法处理GNSS数据的载体,使终端用户定位方式更加灵活.设计实验对比分析了 BDS单系统、GPS单...     

BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS/Galileo双频精密单点定位精度分析与评价

由于北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)已完成正式组网,有必要对BDS的定位性能进行精度评估与分析. 本文主要通过在MGEX (Multi-GNSS Experiment)选取8个测站5天的观测数据,以北斗二号/北斗三号(BDS-2/BDS-3)为主分析BDS-2/BDS-3、BDS-2/BDS-3/Galileo、BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS、BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS/Galileo四种不同组合卫星系统静态精密单点定位(PPP)性能,试验结果表明:BDS-2/BDS-3静态PPP在东(E)、北(N)、天顶(U)方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于2.49 cm、2.27 cm、4.04 cm和34.6 min、19.3 min、28.1 min;BDS-2/BDS-3/Galileo静态PPP在E、N、U方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于1.81 cm、1.65 cm、2.94 cm和20.4 min、13.0 min、18.6 min;BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS静态PPP在E、N、U方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于1.67 cm、1.62 cm、2.82 cm和18.3 min、10.2 min、16.1 min;BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS/Galileo静态PPP在E、N、U方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于1.46 cm、1.40 cm、2.45 cm和14.5 min、9.3 min、14.5 min.      

GPS单频伪距相位平滑及其单点定位的精度分析

本文基于Hatch滤波方法进行GPS单频伪距相位平滑及其单点定位的研究,针对单频伪距相位平滑的离散性,给出了移动窗口分段平滑方法的具体处理方案,并研制了相应的软件模块。采用自编软件,利用IGS跟踪站观测数据,以静态模拟动态的方式,对GPS单频伪距进行了相位平滑处理和动态单点定位计算,并对单频相位平滑伪距及其单点定位的精度进行了分析。计算结果验证了本文基于Hatch滤波和移动窗口分段平滑的单频伪距相位平滑方法的可行性和有效性。     

GPS单频精密单点定位的研究实现

本文研究建立了电离层参数估计的单频精密单点定位的数学模型,并综合考虑各项误差模型改正,运用卡尔曼滤波算法,开发了单频精密单点定位程序,最后利用实测数据进行实验。实验结果表明:静态平面、高程方向精度均优于0.15m,动态精度优于0.3m。     

小波分析在单频GPS快速精密定位中的应用研究

单频GPS快速定位方程是严重病态的,应用最小二乘原理得到的模糊度浮点解大大偏离其准确值,应用LAMBDA方法难以正确地固定模糊度。本文将GPS载波相位双差观测量在不同的小波空间和尺度空间进行分解和重构,去除高频测量噪声,可减小测量噪声对GPS快速定位中病态方程解的影响,提高模糊度浮点解的精度,缩小模糊度搜索空间。实验表明,对于GPS短基线,仅利用1min左右的单频载波观测数据,经过基于haar、db4、coif4和sym4小波的5尺度小波变换后,可获得较准确的模糊度浮点解,应用LAMBDA法可正确地固定模糊度,达到厘米级定位精度。     

Ionospheric calibration of single frequency VLBI and GPS observations using dual GPS data

Summary The ionospheric effect is one of the main sources of error in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Global Positioning System (GPS) high precision geodesy. Although the use of two frequencies allows the estimation of this effect, in some cases dual observations are not possible due to the available equipment or the type of observation. This paper presents the ionospheric calibration of single frequency VLBI and GPS observations based on the ionospheric electron content estimated from dual frequency GPS data. The ionospheric delays obtained with this procedure and the VLBI baseline length results have been compared with those obtained with dual frequency data. For the European geodetic VLBI baselines, both solutions agree at the 3–5 parts in 10^–9 level. The noise introduced by the GPS-based calibration is in the order of 3 cm for the VLBI observables and of 10 cm for the GPS observables.     

Cycle slip detection and repair of undifferenced single-frequency GPS carrier phase observations

Cycle slip detection and repair is an important issue in the GPS data processing. Different methods have been developed to detect and repair cycle slips on undifferenced , single- or double-differenced observations. The issue is still crucial for high-precision GPS positioning, especially for the undifferenced GPS observations. A method is proposed to fix cycle slips based on the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test. The method has a good performance on cycle slip fixing of undifferenced carrier phase observations on individual frequencies, either on L1 or on L2, without making a linear combination among the observables. The functional model is a piecewise cubic curve fitted to a number of consecutive data using the least squares cubic spline approximation (LS-CSA). For fixing the cycle slips, an integer estimation technique is employed to determine the integer values from the float solution. The performance of the proposed method is then compared with the existing two methods using simulated data. The results on a few GPS data sets with sampling rate of 1 Hz or higher confirm that this method can detect and correct all simulated cycle slips regardless of the size of the cycle slip or the satellite elevation angle. The efficacy of the method is then investigated on the GPS data sets with lower sampling rates of 5, 10, and 30 s. The results indicate that the proposed method always performs the best for the data sets considered. This is thus an appropriate method for cycle slip detection and repair of single-frequency GPS observations.     

Single frequency processing of Ørsted GPS radio occultation measurements

The Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation measurements obtained using the TurboRogue GPS receiver on the Danish satellite Ørsted have been processed using the single frequency method. Atmospheric profiles of refractivity and temperature are derived and validated against numerical weather prediction data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). Results from the Ørsted GPS measurement campaign in February 2000 indicate that the single frequency method can provide retrievals with accuracy comparable to that of using two frequencies. From comparisons between measured dry temperature profiles and corresponding dry temperature profiles derived from ECMWF analysis fields, we find a mean difference of less than 0.5 K and a standard deviation of 2–4 K between 500 and 30 hPa in height. Above 30 hPa the impact of the ionosphere becomes more dominant and more difficult to eliminate using the single frequency method, and the results show degraded accuracy when compared to previous analysis results of occultation data from other missions using the dual frequency method. At latitudes less than 40° (denoted low latitudes), the standard deviation is generally smaller than at latitudes higher than 40° (denoted high latitudes). A small temperature bias is observed centered at 200 hPa for low latitudes and at 300 hPa for high latitudes. This indicates that the ECMWF analyses do not adequately resolve the tropopause temperature minimum. In the lowest part of the troposphere an observed warm bias is thought to be due to erroneous tracking of the GPS signal in cases of atmospheric multipath propagation.     

New method for single epoch, single frequency land vehicle attitude determination using low-end GPS receiver

Stand-alone, unaided, single frequency, single epoch attitude determination is the most challenging case of GNSS compass processing. For land vehicle applications, the baseline approximately lies in the plane of the local geodetic horizon. This provides an important constraint that can be exploited to directly aid the ambiguity resolution process. We fully integrate the constraint into the observation equations, which are transformed orthogonally. Our method can acquire the high-quality float solution by means of a heading search strategy. The fixed solution is obtained by weighted constrained integer least squares for each possible heading. The correct solution is identified by three consecutive steps: Kolmogorov?CSmirnov test, heading verification, and global minimizer of the fixed ambiguity objective function. The analysis focuses on single frequency, single epoch land vehicle attitude determination using low-end GPS receivers with very low precision of carrier phase and code measurements. The error analysis is given for choosing a proper baseline length in practical application. Experimental results demonstrate that this scheme can improve the ambiguity success rate for very short baseline.     

Rapid initialization of real-time PPP by resolving undifferenced GPS and GLONASS ambiguities simultaneously

Rapid initialization of real-time precise point positioning (PPP) has constantly been a difficult problem. Recent efforts through multi-GNSS and multi-frequency data, though beneficial indeed, have not proved sufficiently effective in reducing the initialization periods to far less than 10 min. Though this goal can be easily reached by introducing ionosphere corrections as accurate as a few centimeters, a dense reference network is required which is impractical for wi de-area applications. Leveraging the latest development of GLONASS PPP ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) technique, we propose a composite strategy, where simultaneous GPS and GLONASS dual-frequency PPP-AR is carried out, and herein, the reliability of partial AR improves dramatically. We used 14 days of data from a German network and divided them into hourly data to test this strategy. We found that the initialization periods were shortened drastically from over 25 min when only GPS data were processed to about 6 min when GPS and GLONASS PPP-AR were accomplished simultaneously. More encouragingly, over 50% of real-time PPP solutions could be initialized successfully within 5 min through our strategy, in contrast to only 4% when only GPS data were used. We expect that our strategy can provide a promising route to overcoming the difficulty of achieving PPP initializations within a few minutes.     

GPS单频伪距相位平滑的离散性分析

基于Hatch滤波方法进行伪距相位平滑的研究,对GPS单频伪距相位平滑的离散性进行理论分析,给出移动窗口分段平滑方法的处理方案.采用自编软件,利用IGS跟踪站数据,对单频伪距相位平滑的离散性进行数据验证;对基于Hatch滤波的移动窗口分段平滑方法的可行性和效果进行分析,结果表明:移动窗口分段平滑方法可以较好地控制单频伪...     

一种BDS/GPS接收机单频定位精度分析

针对基于多模导航卫星系统单频接收机在非完好性条件下的数据缺失问题,该文提出了一种能有效提高多模单频接收机定位精度的方法。通过对观测数据非完好性的明确界定、典型情况分析和单频定位方法研究,实现了非完好条件下多模单频数据的有效解算。通过研究证明:在一定的非完好条件下,BDS/GPS单频接收机数据经过该方法的数据处理能够得到较好的定位精度。     

GPS/BDS组合系统伪距单点定位模型精度分析

合理确定观测值权阵对于应用GPS/BDS组合系统提高单点定位的精度和稳定性十分重要.文章对GPS/BDS常用的几种定权模型等权模型、高度角随机模型、基于Helmert验后方差估计模型、顾及PDOP值的定权模型等进行了实验与分析.结果表明:基于Helmert的定权方法精度最高,进一步对其观测值的分类根据高度角进行改进并利用PDOP值的选星思想后,模型精度再次提高.研究结果可以为提高GPS/BDS组合系统伪距单点定位的精度提供参考.     

A performance comparison of single and dual frequency GPS ambiguity resolution strategies

The impact of observation selection, observation combination and model parameterization on GPS carrier phase ambiguity resolution and position accuracy under operational conditions is investigated. The impact of an ionospheric bias for a generic linear combination of L1 and L2 measurements is assessed and the results are used to clearly outline the desirable characteristics for improving ambiguity resolution versus positioning accuracy performance. Ambiguity resolution performance and position accuracy are shown for widelane (WL), L1-only, and ionospheric-free (IF) combinations. Several techniques for dealing with the ionospheric bias are also presented and compared, including stochastic ionospheric modelling. Multiple carrier phase combination solutions estimated in the same filter are also compared. The concept of an optimal processing strategy—in terms of both reliable ambiguity resolution and high accuracy positions—is presented. In total, eight strategies, which vary in observables and parameters, are tested on several datasets ranging from 13 km to 43 km.     

GPS卫星信号Doppler频移的计算与分析

在GPS导航定位系统中,多普勒频率偏移直接影响接收机性能。为了克服多普勒频率偏移的影响,提高接收机的GPS信号捕获速度,对多普勒频移估计算法进行研究。通过分析可视卫星的判定、Doppler频移计算方法,基于NewStar150GPS原理实验平台,使用C＋＋语言编程,开发Doppler频移计算程序。实验结果表明,Doppler频移的大小与a有关。当a〈90°时,多普勒频移为正,用户接收机收到的频率比卫星发射的频率要低。当a〉90°时,多普勒频移为负;当a=90°时,多普勒频移为0。     

BDS/GPS单历元短基线动对动定位性能分析

针对在城市峡谷环境下观测卫星较少、观测质量差和周跳频繁,导致动对动定位过程中双差模糊度不连续的问题,提出了一种GPS/BDS组合系统的单历元模糊度解算方法。通过GPS/BDS组合定位提高了卫星的可用数量,利用单历元模糊度固定减弱了周跳频繁带来的影响。实验采用GPS/BDS组合的7组数据,分析了在不同高度角下动对动定位单历元解的模糊度固定率、解算失败率、粗差率和定位精度。结果表明,GPS/BDS组合动对动定位单历元模糊度解算方法,在高遮挡的城市峡谷环境仍然可以取得较好的定位结果。     

星载BDS/GPS低轨卫星定轨精度分析

针对低轨卫星搭载BDS/GPS接收机实现定轨将成为定轨领域热点的现状,该文讨论了基于星载BDS/GPS实时定轨和精密定轨需要考虑的数学模型,阐述了实时定轨和精密定轨的模型差异。基于自主研发程序,利用高动态信号仿真器仿真的星载BDS/GPS数据研究了基于星载BDS/GPS实时定轨和精密定轨的可行性及其能达到的精度。试验结果表明,星载BDS/GPS实时定轨位置精度为1.19m,速度精度为2.35mm/s。GPS信号发生中断时即仅采用BDS观测数据进行实时定轨时,三维位置误差达到3.73m;星载BDS/GPS精密定轨位置精度为2.30cm,仅采用BDS观测数据进行精密定轨时,三维位置误差可达到8.26cm。     

Short and zero baseline analysis of GPS L1 C/A, L5Q, GIOVE E1B, and E5aQ signals

Stochastic properties of GNSS range measurements can accurately be estimated using a geometry-free short and zero baseline analysis method. This method is now applied to dual-frequency measurements from a new field campaign. Results are presented for the new GPS L5Q and GIOVE E5aQ wideband signals, in addition to the GPS L1 C/A and GIOVE E1B signals. As expected, the results clearly show the high precision of the new signals, but they also show, rather unexpectedly, significant, slowly changing variations in the pseudorange code measurements that are probably a result of strong multipath interference on the data. Carrier phase measurement noise is assessed on both frequencies, and finally successful mixed GPS-GIOVE double difference ambiguity resolution is demonstrated.