外海快速拖网的试验与推广

为了提高渔业生产力，拓展外海作业渔场，设计了外海快速高产拖网（主尺度：１２８．００ｍ×８７．０１ｍ（４５．１２ｍ））。该拖网采取短网盖、短网袖、长网身和增加浮沉力的措施来减少拖网阻力，加快拖速，从而提高拖网的捕鱼能力。１９８８年１２月至１９８９年１１月在博贺港外海进行了对比捕鱼试验，１９９０年６月在东海水产研究所水槽进行了网模试验，均获得良好结果，并在茂名市渔港进行了推广应用，推广面达８７．５％。     

双拖网渔船主机额定马力与网具大小关系的初步研究

为了充分发挥拖网渔船主机效能，根据渔场和捕捞对象特点选择适当拖速，设计拖网时，必需计算拖力和网具阻力，确定主机马力与网具大小的适当比例，但是由于影响拖力和网具阻力的因素很多，也比较复杂，因此，到目前为止，尚未见有较简易准确的计算拖力和拖网阻力的方法；本文主要根据几年来参加广州、南京、拖网模型试验的体会和试验数据、     

中国沿海底层拖网网具设计：网衣设计参数探讨

根据中国沿海现有五十多种具有先进性、代表性的底层有翼单囊拖网网具资料，统计出大量的网具设计参数。除了介绍九种拖网网衣设计参数的符号及其意义外，还分别论述了中国沿海四种底层拖网网型的网衣设计参数，并对其不同的设计参数之间作了分析比较。     

双拖网渔船主机额定马力与网具大小关系的初步研究

为了充分发挥拖网渔船主机效能,根据渔场和捕捞对象特点选择适当拖速,设计拖网时,必需计算拖力和网具阻力,确定主机马力与网具大小的适当比例,但是由于影响拖力和网具阻力的因素很多,也比较复杂,因此,到目前为止,尚未见有较简易准确的计算拖力和拖网阻力的方法;本文主要根据几年来参加广州、南京、拖网模型试验的体会和试验数据、天津、浙江等有关单位惠赠材料、全国渔轮拖网阻力计算协作组关于单双拖网     

底拖网网具调整原理的探讨

本文着重分析底拖网的上下纲和曳纲在拖网曳行中的受力状况，说明一些网具调整的基本原理。并运用上下纲的受力分析方法，来解释底拖网的浮力大于沉力而为什么仍能贴底拖曳的生产实际。     

建国后南海机动渔轮底拖网渔业的生产改革

建国后南海机动渔轮底拖网渔业的生产改革王义美中华人民共和国成立之始，南海机轮底拖网渔业几乎是一片空白。１９５２年，广东省水产企业公司首先筹集资金建造了四艘木壳渔轮，进行渔捞生产，逐步摸索前进，并借鉴外省兄弟公司的经验，使南海机轮底拖网渔业从无到有、从...     

积极发展深水快速拖网

一、积极发展深水快速拖网的意义最近广东省在宝安县蛇口公社召开了全省快速拖网技术交流会,会上交流了发展快速拖网的技术和经验,充分强调了发展快速拖网的重要意义。笔者在《关于广东机帆拖网几个问题的探讨》(载本刊1978年1期,下简称《探讨》)一文中亦曾提出:“捉住拖网生产的主要矛盾,关键在于提高拖速,快速拖网,是拖网发展的方向”。近年来,以宝安蛇一大队为代表的疏目快速拖网技术革新运动,在全省得到蓬勃发展,它对于我省拖网渔业的进一步发展,起了很好的促进作用。然而,任何一种网具技术,都有一定的局限性和适应范围,目前     

拖网曳纲形状与张力的计算机模拟

曳纲是拖网渔具的重要组成部分，了解曳纲在不同海况条件下作业时的形状和张力及其动态变化，对于拖网渔具的设计和生产实践具有重要意义。拖网曳纲的力学研究通常有解析法和分段计算法。如佘显炜通过建立比较复杂的微分方程组来计算拖网曳纲的形状和张力。李晓平通过建立了水下拖曳柔索系统的三维有线段模型，     

2×339KW综合节能渔船底拖网试验报告

根据农牧渔业部水产局下达的“294.2千瓦综合节能渔船”项目网具节能课题的要求,新设计了一项低阻底拖网,并进行了网模水池试验和海上实测及一周年商业性捕鱼生产,获得了很好的效果。试验和捕鱼生产结果充分证明:新设计的拖网网口高、阻力小、渔获量高,是一种较为理想的节能型双船底拖网网型,具有增产节能兼优的经济效益和社会效益。     

底拖网网目长度和网线粗度的确定

提出了“网衣理论总强度”、“网衣相对强度”两个概念。解决了底拖网设计中根据母型例或设计参考网初步确定设计网网口网线粗度的问题。并根据“网衣理论总强度”和“网衣相对强度”概念统计出我国沿海各种渔船主机功率的底拖网各部位网衣理论总强度和网衣相对强度数字范围,为我国底拖网设计网目长度与网线粗度之间关系的处理提供了理论依据。     

Kelvin模型应用于福建水口库区斜溪形变场地沉浮分析

沿斜溪场地乡村公路布设4个水准测点,其中2个点高差在1997~2015年趋势下降,之后趋势上升。研究斜溪断裂性质认为,断层上盘在2015年前后由下沉转为上浮,经异常核实为机砖厂影响所致。为解释场地沉浮现象,采用粘弹性介质模型,利用跨断层短水准观测资料和最小二乘方法计算介质的延滞时间为32个月。     

基于微博大数据的北京市流动人口情绪与职住分布的关系研究

流动人口的职住情绪能够反映其工作与生活状态。本研究首先基于2017年北京市微博大数据,利用jieba分词结合人工筛选得到流动人口发布的微博文本;其次,对Roberta-wwm-ext-large模型进行迁移学习识别北京全人群与流动人口的微博情绪;然后,结合POI数据与微博发布时间得到流动人口的职住分布;最后,基于微博情绪与职住分布得到流动人口的职住情绪,利用Getis-Ord Gi*挖掘职住情绪的空间聚集模式,采用地理探测器分析影响职住情绪热点分布的因素。实验表明,北京流动人口情绪均值（0.56）稍低于北京全人群（0.57）（P<0.01）,但整体表现为积极;从空间分布来看,流动人口在东、西城区情绪均衡,西北部科技创新区情绪相对于流动人口情绪均值较为低落,而东南部中心商务区、文化交流区及国际化社区情绪较高涨;从情绪与职住的关系来看,流动人口的工作情绪与从事的工作类型有关（q=0.03,P<0.05）,高新技术产业园、工业园、物流产业园的流动人口从业人员的工作情绪相对于流动人口工作情绪均值较为消极,健康产业园、文化创意产业园、农业园的流动人口从业人员的工作情绪较积极;流动人口的居住情绪与居住环境有关（q=0.06,P<0.1）,居住在远郊区的流动人口情绪相对于流动人口居住情绪均值较为消极,居住在近郊高密度的流动人口情绪较为积极。因此,相关部门应重点关注从事高新技术产业、工业、物流产业的流动人口以及居住在远郊区的流动人口。     

Discussion on sustainable urbanization in Tibet

After 1995,Tibet entered the stage of accelerated urbanization.The large floating population from outside Tibet has become the driving force for urban expansion and the rising of urbanization rate.After analyzing the changes of urban functions and spatial structure of urban system in Tibet,this paper argues that before 1995 the urbanization in Tibet was mainly driven by administrative function,resulting in certain population migration,whereas in the past dec-ade economic function has become the key factor accelerating urban expansion with the market mechanism creating large-scale inflow of population.The floating population-based urbanization and high population growth in the agri-cultural and pastoral areas of Tibet has promoted the regional economic prosperity,but exerted resources and environ-mental pressure and brought some problems for Tibetan culture protection at the same time.The conflicts and contra-dictions between urbanization and the sustainability of natural resources,environment and social development have been intensified.Addressing these problems,this paper proposes some countermeasures for improving the sustainabil-ity of Tibetan urbanization.     

Study on the migrant labour force of China in recent years

This paper, taking Nanhai City of Guangdong Province as an example, focuses on five interrelated aspects of the migrant labour force of China in recent years. Attention is initially paid to the background of the labour migration from inland towards coastal area. Then, the demographic characteristics of the migrant labour force are analysed before turning to the analysis on the reasons for the migration. Fourthly, the impacts of the migrant workers on the socio-economic development of Nanhai City and the problems are examined. Finally, the prospects and some suggestions for the labour migration are put forward. Migrant labour force is sometimes called floating population by both Chinese and western scholars.     

山东平邑盆地石膏矿地质特征及成因探讨

平邑盆地位于鲁西断块隆起区东南蒙山断裂以南,蒙山断裂位于平邑盆地的北部边缘,盆地的形成、形态分布和演化严格受其控制。平邑盆地石膏矿床赋存于古近系官庄群。中生代的燕山运动,伴随火山活动,沿蒙山断裂南侧不断下沉,为平邑盆地的形成奠定了基础,新生代以来蒙山断裂南东盘仍以断陷为主,为下古近系官庄群地层的沉积提供了空间,平邑盆地便成为石膏矿床形成的有利场所。从矿（岩）石化学成分对比,物质来源分析,平邑盆地石膏矿床为多物源,多成矿期的陆相咸化湖盆蒸发岩矿床。     

Application of Numerical Simulation for Analysis of Sinking Characteristics of Purse Seine

This study applies the mass-spring system to model the dynamic behavior of a submerged net panel similar to the shooting process in actual purse seine fishing operation. Modeling indicates that there is insufficient stretching with the net panel under the floatline in the prophase of the shooting process. Sinkers at different locations along the leadline descend successively after submergence, and the sinking speed decreases gradually with elapsed time until attainment of a stable state. Designs with different current speeds and sinker weights are executed to determine the dimensional shape and sinking characteristics of the net. The net rigged with greater sinker weight gains significantly greater sinking depth without water flow. Compared with the vertical spread of the net wall in static water, the middle part of the netting presents a larger displacement along the direction of current under flow condition. It follows that considerable deformation of the netting occurs with higher current speed as the sinkers affected by hydrodynamic force drift in the direction of current. The numerical model is verified by a comparison between simulated results and sea measurements. The calculated values generally coincide with the observed ones, with the former being slightly higher than the latter. This study provides an implicit algorithm which saves computational loads for enormous systems such as purse seines, and ensures the accuracy and stability of numerical solutions in a repetitious iteration process.     

Prediction of the mooring force of a 2-D floating oil storage tank

A Constrained Interpolation Profile(CIP)-based model is developed to predict the mooring force of a two- dimensional floating oil storage tank under wave conditions, which is validated against to a newly performed experiment. In the experiment, a box-shaped floating oil storage apparatus is used. Computations are performed by an improved CIP-based Cartesian grid model, in which the THINC/SW scheme(THINC: tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing; SW: Slope Weighting), is used for interface capturing. A multiphase flow solver is adopted to treat the water-air-body interactions. The Immersed Boundary Method(IBM) is implemented to treat the body surface. Main attention is paid to the sum force of mooring line and velocity field around the body. It is found that the sum force of the mooring line increases with increasing wave amplitude. The body suffers from water wave impact and large body motions occur near the free surface. The vortex occurs near the sharp edge, i.e., the sharp bottom corners of the floating oil storage tank and the vortex shedding can be captured by the present numerical model. The present model could be further improved by including turbulence model which is currently under development. Comparison between the computational mooring forces and the measured mooring forces is presented with a reasonable agreement. The developed numerical model can predict the mooring line forces very well.     

Crest-height distribution of nonlinear random waves

The wave crest is an important factor for the design of both fixed and floating marine structures. Wave crest height is a dominant parameter in assessing the likelihood of wave-in-deck impact and resultant severe damage. Many empirical and theoretical distribution functions for wave crest heights have been proposed, but there is a lack of agreement between them. It is of significance to develop a better new nonlinear wave crest height distribution model. The progress in the research of wave crest heights is reviewed in this paper. Based on Stokes’ wave theory, an approximate nonlinear wave crest-height distribution formula with simple parameters is derived. Two sets of measured data are presented and compared with various theoretical distributions of wave crests obtained from nonlinear wave models and analysis of the comparison is given in detail. The new crest-height distribution model agrees well with observations. Also, the new theoretical distribution is more accurate than the other methods cited in this paper and has a greater range of applications.     

贵州兴旺煤矿开采地表塌陷预测方法探讨

以贵州六枝特区兴旺煤矿地表塌陷为例,采用概率积分法作为地表移动及变形预测的模式,选取下沉系数、主要影响角、主要影响半径和水平移动系数为地表移动参数,计算得出井田开采后地表最大下沉值为1 425.3mm,影响面积约1.85km2。并比较说明除移动参数外各类煤柱的留设也是其中需要考虑的因素。     

动线法自动制图的关键算法设计与实现

动线法(即运动符号法),能综合表达空间实体或现象的作用方向、运动路线、数量增减、质量变化等,是计算机地图制图的重要方法之一。本文分析了直线动线符号在信息表达中存在的局限性,以及曲线动线符号所具有的优势,对曲线动线符号的组织形式、位置、颜色、方向、宽度、曲率等方面作了分析,同时对曲线动线符号提出了制图算法,具体包括:曲线符号模型算法、避障路径算法、汇流与分流算法等;并以MapServer开源软件作为平台,利用C++语言进行程序设计,建立了Web的动线法自动制图算法实验系统,且以河南省流动人口数据为例,进行算法应用分析。结果表明:该算法极利于时空数据的可视化表达,具有很好的应用前景。