海洋数据挖掘技术应用研究

在研究中外数据挖掘技术在海洋应用的现状和进展的基础上,结合海洋数据特点及应用需求,提出了海洋数据挖掘技术应用模式,并介绍了基于计算机技术、数据库技术、GIS 技术的海洋数据挖掘应用系统的主要功能和系统架构.最后通过对赤潮预测的数据挖掘应用分析,验证了系统应用的科学合理性.     

光学高分遥感技术在海岸地形测量中的应用

为满足海岸地形测量对光学高分辨率遥感技术的应用需求,总结分析了我国光学高分辨率遥感技术的海岸地形测量应用现状,比较了国内外相关领域应用研究方向差异,指出该领域在硬件平台、处理软件和专业应用等方面的巨大进展,总结了光学高分遥感数据管理、处理、应用和服务等方面的发展趋势,有助于光学高分辨率遥感技术在海岸带测绘中的应用。     

中国海洋卫星遥感应用进展

我国海洋遥感应用自20世纪70年代起步以来,取得了长足发展,构建了覆盖海洋水色、海洋动力和海洋监视监测的三大系列海洋卫星,并初步形成了具有优势互补的卫星海洋遥感业务化应用体系。本文回顾了我国海洋卫星遥感应用取得的重要进展,重点介绍了卫星遥感在海洋环境与资源监测、海洋灾害监测、海洋权益维护、海洋环境预报与安全保障等方面所构建的典型应用示范系统,以及开展的典型业务化监测应用。最后,文章对我国海洋卫星遥感应用下一步发展进行了展望分析。     

机载LiDAR海岸地形测量技术及其应用

机载LiDAR测量技术发展迅速,应用日益广泛。概括了机载LiDAR测量技术发展、工作原理和应用现状,结合海洋测绘需求,论述了机载LiDAR技术应用的可行性、方法和精度,分析了海岸地形测绘应用的前景,为提高作业部门新技术的理论基础,推进机载LiDAR测量技术在海洋测绘领域的应用提供支持。     

海洋环境云计算安全防护支撑体系的研究与构建

随着云计算技术及理念的深入发展和应用,云安全越来越成为安全业界关注的重点。为有效保障云计算应用的安全,本文在海洋云计算与云服务这种特殊的体系结构中引入了安全机制,并结合云计算应用特点,在采取信息系统基本安全防护技术的基础上,通过进一步集成数据加密、VPN、身份认证、安全存储等安全技术手段,构建了适用于海洋环境信息云计算应用的安全防护体系。     

无机材料在海洋药物分离分析中的应用

综述了无机材料在海洋天然活性物质分离、分析中的应用,从材料的设计、分离机制、制备方法、表面的改性等方面初步的探讨了无机材料在活性物质分离、分析的应用前景和存在的问题。文中还介绍了一门新兴分离技术即分子印迹技术,它在分子识别中有着特殊的选择性。鉴于大孔树脂吸附技术的大规模应用和分离高效性,提出了我课题组正在研制的多孔陶瓷微球的应用背景和取得的工作成果。     

需求导向的地方海洋数据资源体系规划及应用探索——以浙江省涉海数据资源体系规划为例

海洋数据资源体系规划是构建海洋数据共享应用生态、挖掘海洋数据价值的基础,也是推进“智慧海洋”工程建设的核心。本文结合浙江省实践,基于涉海数据资源现状和应用需求,提出了需求导向的地方海洋数据资源体系规划方案,构建了“分布式管理、集中式服务”框架下的浙江省海洋大数据资源池系统,进一步通过典型应用场景分析了地方海洋数据资源体系规划的应用效果,为海洋数据资源共享应用、海洋数据要素作用发挥提供了解决方案和实例参考。     

合成孔径声纳技术在海底管道探测中的应用进展

从合成孔径声纳的基本原理、研究进展、应用,以及实际应用中存在的问题等几个方面,探讨了该技术在海底管道探测方面的应用潜力。国内外一些海域开展的探索性应用显示,该技术可以对海底管道的埋设状态及其周边海域地形地貌和其他小目标清晰成像,并且能够获得管道状态和位置等的细节信息。然而,鉴于海洋水声环境的复杂性和特殊性,SAS在实际应用中仍存在一些问题,需要在信号处理方法、作业方式等方面进行更为深入的研究探索。     

数字海图三维可视化应用技术研究

结合目前数字海图的三维可视化应用需求,对不同类型的数字海图从数据获取、处理、三维表达、可视化管理和应用等方面进行了分析。主要介绍了栅格海图的可视化显示,shp矢量海图图层的自动加载和三维符号化显示,基于海图控件的S-57的SENC海图的动态、多要素海图信息影像化三维表达和管理等方面的内容,为海洋测绘成果应用、测绘信息保障提供新的技术手段和应用平台。     

AUV搭载多波束声纳进行地形测量的现状及展望

多波束声纳是一种常用的水底地形测量设备,AUV搭载多波束声纳对深海地形进行测量得到了普遍应用。首先介绍了目前国内外AUV搭载多波束声纳在地形测量中的应用情况,然后总结了这种方式的高效率、高质量、高经济性等优点,并分析了导航定位精度、载体运动、系统兼容性等方面对于提高测量精度存在的技术难点,最后介绍了该技术的应用经验,并对该技术的未来应用前景进行了展望。     

棘皮动物神经肽的研究进展

神经肽是神经系统最大、最多样化的一类信息分子,可调节动物的各种生理过程和行为.相较于脊椎动物和原口无脊椎动物,棘皮动物神经肽的研究起步较晚,而棘皮动物关键的分类地位和独特的生物学特征为其神经肽信号系统功能的研究提供了特殊背景.本文从神经肽分子的自身特性出发,对棘皮动物神经肽的作用方式、鉴定方法、功能调节及受体发掘等相关...     

中华绒螯蟹颤抖病组织病理学研究

采用常规石蜡切片技术、以正常样品作对照,对患颤抖病的中华绒整蟹不同组织进行病理学观察,旨在为颤抖病病原的确定及诊断等提供参考,同时期望加深对河蟹发病机制及死亡过程的认识。结果表明,患病河蟹的鳃、心脏、肝胰腺、腹节神经等组织器官发生了不同程度的病变,其病理特征主要表现为：细胞浊肿、变性、坏死,某些细胞的细胞核固缩、碎裂或崩解;结合前人的研究,推测鳃、心脏、肝胰腺、腹节神经是病原体感染河蟹的主要靶组织器官;河蟹具有重要生理功能的鳃、心脏、肝胰腺组织发生了严重病变,使其功能遭到破坏,这可能是导致河蟹发病死亡的病理学基础。     

金枪鱼心血管系统的特性与功能研究进展

金枪鱼是一种具备快速游泳能力的洄游性经济鱼类,其心血管系统存在血管逆流热交换器,并具备高心率、高心输出量、高血氧输送速率等特点。同时,作为区域恒温动物,金枪鱼对低温、低氧等环境有着独特的适应能力。为了系统地了解金枪鱼心血管系统的结构与功能特性及其环境适应性,本文综合国内外相关研究进展,阐述了金枪鱼独特的心血管系统组成与结构特点,分析了其高心输出量、高心率和高血氧输送速率的结构基础,并重点论述其支持高代谢率、调节体温、强低氧耐受能力等心血管功能,旨在为金枪鱼心血管系统方面的研究提供参考。     

牡蛎循环系统的研究

于１９８９－１９９０年在海南岛、广东蛇口以及青岛近海采集１２种牡蛎,进行循环系统的比较解剖学研究。首次提高了牡蛎的循环系统有两种类型,即附心脏型和无附心脏型。两者之间的主要区别是：（１）附心脏型无肌套血管,其外套血液主要来自环外套动脉和附心脏;无附心脏型,由于无附心脏和环外套动脉,其外套血液主要来自肌套血管。（２）附心脏型是通过出鳃静脉和外套静脉分别将鳃前部和后部的血液送回心耳;无附心脏型的外套静     

海洋动物中褪黑素信号系统的研究进展

褪黑素是神经内分泌调控的关键激素之一,具有重要的生理功能,在改善睡眠、调节生殖、延缓衰老等生理过程中起到不可或缺的作用,其功能机制研究亦较为成熟。本文综述了褪黑素和褪黑素受体的基本特征,特别关注褪黑素受体介导的信号转导特征;总结了其海洋生物中的褪黑素信号系统研究现状和面临的挑战,并对海洋生物开展该信号系统研究的理论价值及应用前景进行展望,以期为进一步探明海洋鱼类及无脊椎动物中褪黑素及其受体的信号转导特征和生理功能提供一定的线索,为褪黑素信号系统进化演变的探讨提供一定的理论参考。     

Does ecological redundancy maintain functioning of marine benthos on centennial to millennial time scales?

Predicting the ability of the biosphere to continue to deliver ecosystem services in the face of biodiversity loss and environmental change is a major challenge. The results of short‐term and small‐scale experimental studies are both equivocal and difficult to extrapolate from. In this study we use data on benthic palaeocommunities covering 4,000,000 years (in the Late Jurassic when temperate coastal seas in NW Europe experienced fluctuations in oxygenation). The biological traits associated with each species in the palaeocommunities were combined to index the delivery of ecological functions. Five ecosystem functions were examined: food for large mobile predators, biogenic habitat provision, nutrient recycling/regeneration, inorganic carbon sequestration and food‐web dynamics. In modern systems these ecological functions underpin ecosystem services that are important for human well‐being. Our results show that the supply of food for higher predators was remarkably constant during the 4,000,000 years, suggesting that redundancy amongst species in the assemblage drives the biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) relationship. By contrast, the provision of biogenic habitat varied with the occurrence of a relatively few taxa, a pattern consistent with a rivet type model of BEF. For nutrient regeneration, carbon sequestration and food‐web dynamics the patterns were complex and suggestive of an idiosyncratic model of BEF. To our knowledge this is the first study to quantify ecological functioning through deep time and demonstrates the utility of this approach to understanding long‐term patterns of BEF in both ancient and contemporary marine ecosystems. The delivery of all five ecological functions studied became increasingly variable as the regional climate became drier, thus modifying the supply of terrigenous nutrient inputs.     

Formation Control of Marine Surface Craft: A Lagrangian Approach

This paper presents a method for formation control of marine surface craft inspired by Lagrangian mechanics. The desired formation configuration and response of the marine surface craft are given as a set of constraint functions. The functions are treated according to constraints in analytical mechanics. Thus, constraint forces arise and feedback from the constraint functions keeps the formation assembled. Since the constraint functions are designed for a desired effect, the forces can be interpreted as control laws. Examples of constraint functions that maintain a formation are presented. Furthermore, the same approach has been applied with no major modification to position control purposes for a single vessel. An extension to underactuated vessels is given. Simulations with nonlinear models of tugboats illustrate the proposed method versatility and its robustness with respect to environmental disturbances and time delays     

Food security and the Coral Triangle Initiative

The Asia-Pacific's Coral Triangle is defined by its extremely high marine biodiversity. Over one hundred million people living in its coastal zones use this biodiversity to support their livelihoods. Hundreds of millions more derive nutritious food directly from the region′s marine resources and through local, regional and global trade. Biodiversity and its values to society are threatened by demographic and habitat change, rising demand, intensive harvesting and climate change. In partnership with international conservation organisations and development funders, the governments of the region′s six countries have come together to develop the Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security. The CTI has explicit goals and defined targets for marine biodiversity conservation, but not for the food security of the region′s marine-resource dependent people, despite this being the wider aim used to justify conservation action. This article suggests how the food security aim of the CTI could be made more explicit. It outlines the complex pathways linking marine biodiversity with food security and argues that improved social science analysis, inter-sectoral policy and management interactions are necessary if conserving marine biodiversity is to contribute towards meeting food security challenges in the region.     

Recent sediment dynamics in hadal trenches: Evidence for the influence of higher-frequency (tidal,near-inertial) fluid dynamics

In addition to high hydrostatic pressure, scarcity of food is viewed as a factor that limits the abundance and activity of heterotrophic organisms at great ocean depths, including hadal trenches. Supply of nutritious food largely relies on the flux of organic-rich particulate matter from the surface ocean. It has been speculated that the shape of hadal trenches helps to ‘funnel’ particulate matter into the deeper parts of the trench, leading to sediment ‘focussing’ and improved benthic food supply. Here we investigate for five Northwest Pacific trenches the efficiency of sediment focussing by evaluating ratios of measured (sediment-derived) and expected (water-column-derived) sedimentary inventories of the naturally occurring and radioactive particulate-matter tracer ²¹⁰Pb_xs. The sites comprise a broad range of surface-ocean productivity and physical-oceanographic regimes. Across the five trench-axis settings the inventory ratio varies between 0.5 and 4.1, with four trench-axis settings having ratios>1 (sediment focussing) and one trench-axis setting a ratio<1 (sediment winnowing). Although the fluid- and sediment-dynamical forcing behind sediment focussing remains unclear, this study finds evidence for another mechanism that is superimposed on, and counteracts, the focussing mechanism. This superimposed mechanism is related to higher-frequency (tidal, near-inertial) fluid dynamics. In particular, there is evidence for a strong and negative relation between the intensity of propagating internal tides and the extent of sediment focussing in the trench-axis. The relation can be approximated by a power function and the most intense drop in sediment focussing already occurs at moderate internal-tide intensities. This suggests that propagating internal tides may have a subtle but significant influence on particulate-matter dynamics and food supply in hadal trenches in particular, but possibly also in the deep seas in general. A mechanism for the influence of internal tides on sediment dynamics is proposed.