星系团PKS 0745-191中射电气体与X射线气体的相互作用

利用星系团PKS 0745—191中心区域的Chandra数据,研究了在中心星系的西边且沿着射电结构而分布的一团明亮X射线气体的性质,发现这团气体是低温而高密的;另由射电观测计算发现射电气体在中心星系的西边压强梯度要大于东边,这说明那团 X射线冷气体与射电气体之间存在相互作用．该冷气体可能是由射电浮力泡从中心星系带出;或者是外围冷气体受到了射电气体的支撑及扰动而形成．进一步,假设气体处在压强重力平衡状态,计算了中心区域的X射线气体的体积占有率为b=0．69±0．28,并且讨论了射电气体所包含的相对论性粒子的性质以及射电气体膨胀对冷流的影响．     

射电选和X射线选BL Lacertae天体的射电性质

收集了射电选和X射线选BL Lac天体的射电数据(包括核和延展光度), 并计算了它们的核主导系数R.研究显示: 射电选BL Lac(RBLs)天体的总射电光度是X射线选BL Lac(XBLs)天体的2个量级.详细分析得到这种差别主要是来自于核光度的差别因为延展光度差别只有1个量级.研究RBLs和XBLs的核(延展元)光度与核主导系数之间的关系, 发现延展元光度与核主导系数负相关, 而核(总)光度几乎与核主导系数没有相关.     

由对FRⅡ射电星系的X射线观测试预言射电噪活动星系核的X射线喷流

在早期的文章中，基于耀变体（Blazar)的知识，我们预言了在射电噪活动星系核（AGN）中心10kpc范围内X射线喷流的存在。钱得拉（Chandra)卫星最近对低功率射电星系的X射线观测与我们的预言相一致。在本文中我们研究了kpc尺度喷流中的电子加速，并建议通过对强的FRⅡ射电星系中所预言的X射线喷流的钱得拉卫星的X射线的观测，来研究红的耀变体中的康普顿冷却以及在内部致密喷流和大尺度延伸喷流间环境的不同。以上的研究可以进一步检验我们的关于射电噪活动星系核中kpc尺度X射线喷流的模型。     

坦谱射电源PKS0528＋134中γ射线爆发和毫米波射电爆发的演化关系

在１９９１－１９９３年期间,Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎγ射线天台在射电源ＰＫＳ０５２８＋１３４中观测到两次很强的γ射线爆发,都伴随有毫米波射电大爆发。     

坦谱射电源PKS 0528 134中γ射线爆发和毫米波射电爆发的演化关系

在１９９１—１９９３年期间,Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎγ射线天文台（ＣＧＲＯ）在射电源ＰＫＳ０５２８＋１３４中观测到两次很强的射线爆发,都伴随有毫米波射电大爆发．本文详细分析了高能γ－Ｘ射线波段和红外－光学波段的辐射能量分布（ＳＥＤ）．结果表明,高能γ射线辐射可能主要是由喷流相对论电子对周围ＵＶ－软Ｘ射线光子的逆康普顿散射所产生的．同时,通过毫米波射电大爆发的频谱演化特性与γ射线源的同步辐射频谱特性的比较,对γ辐射等离子团和射电等离子团之间可能的演化联系作了讨论．     

太阳质子辐射和软X射线耀斑与射电爆发间的相关研究

统计分析了太阳质子事件与微波爆发和软Ｘ射线（ＳＸＲ）耀斑间的关系．结果表明：质子事件的峰值流量与微波爆发和ＳＸＲ耀斑的峰值流量、能通量间呈正的对数线性相关,相关系数０．７—０．８．根据这一统计结果和观测的微波爆发、ＳＸＲ耀斑的有关物理量,可以估算伴随的质子事件峰值流量．太阳质子辐射、ＳＸＲ耀斑和微波爆发三者间的共生关系,可以用磁环中耀斑产生的磁流体动力学过程来解释．大约３３％的质子事件没有对应的Ⅱ型爆发,这表明高能质子的加速有随机ＭＨＤ湍流加速（有Ⅱ型暴）和低频快磁声波湍动加速（无Ⅱ型暴,但有γ射线耀斑）２种不同的加速机制     

利用数值模拟方法对类星体-星系团引力透镜成因的再考察

利用星系团形成的数值模拟技术所得到的星系团以及大尺度结构,本文研究了星系团和其周围环境物质的引力透镜效应对背景类星体计数的影响,以期解释最近观测到的类星体星系团成协现象．然而,得到的结果却是：用星系团及所遵循的大尺度结构的引力透镜效应,不能解释所观测到的类星体数密度．这与解析方法所得结论一致．分析表明：目前所观测到的类星体与星系团成协,如果不是统计涨落,则无法用引力透镜效应来解释。     

2015年11月4日太阳射电爆发干扰导航信号事件中的X射线先兆分析

太阳射电爆发是无线通讯特别是卫星导航通讯的潜在影响因素之一.2015年11月4日的太阳射电爆发事件在1415 MHz点频的流量达到了峰值5800 SFU(Solar Flux Unit,太阳射电流量单位,1 SFU=10-22 W/(m2·Hz)),位于日下点的欧洲全球定位系统(Global Positioning S...     

X射线选射电噪活动星系核的多波段性质(英文)

基于被ROSAT全天区巡天观测和射电 4.85GHz巡天观测同时探测到的活动星系核的大样本 ,研究了X射线选的射电噪活动星系核的多波段性质 .通过分析该样本中的活动星系核的宽波段能量分布 ,确认了来自射电、光学和X射线波段的辐射光度之间的显著相关性 .这种相关性对于类星体、赛弗特、蝎虎座天体和射电星系是有区别的 .同时 ,探讨了从光学到X射线波段之间的谱指数与红移以及 50 0 0 和 4.85GHz处的单色光度的相关性     

WMAP第3年的宇宙学参数对星系团中巨弧数目的影响

该文利用高精度的大尺度N体数值模拟,研究了WMAP(Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe)第3年的观测结果对星系团中的巨弧数目的影响,发现预言的巨弧数目比主流的ACDM模型预言的要低80%多。加入绝热气体几乎不会改变巨弧的发生概率,而引入恒星形成和超新星反馈后得到的概率不会大于原来的1.3倍。如此小的贡献是因为虽然有恒星的数值模拟得到的星系团具有更高的中心密度,但同时星系团的形状更趋球对称,这是影响巨弧概率的2个相反的因素。以前基于ACDM模型预言的巨弧概率还不能很好地与观测相符,WMAP第3年的观测结果将更难以解释。     

The heating of the X-ray gas by the radiogas in the cluster PKS 0745-191

Calculations of the energy evolution of relativistic particles in a cluster of galaxies are presented. The heating of the X-ray gas by the radio gas in the cluster PKS 0745-191 is derived using Chandra X-ray data and VLA radio data. It is found that the heating is not sufficient for the radiation loss of the X-ray gas if the lower limit of energy in the power-law spectrum of relativistic electrons is set at 0.001 erg.     

X-ray observations of the galaxy cluster PKS 0745−191: to the virial radius, and beyond

We measure X-ray emission from the outskirts of the cluster of galaxies PKS 0745−191 with Suzaku , determining radial profiles of density, temperature, entropy, gas fraction and mass. These measurements extend beyond the virial radius for the first time, providing new information about cluster assembly and the diffuse intracluster medium out to  ∼1.5  r ₂₀₀( r ₂₀₀≃ 1.7 Mpc ≃ 15 arcmin  ). The temperature is found to decrease by roughly 70 per cent from 0.3 to  1 r ₂₀₀  . We also see a flattening of the entropy profile near the virial radius and consider the implications this has for the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium when deriving mass estimates. We place these observations in the context of simulations and analytical models to develop a better understanding of non-gravitational physics in the outskirts of the cluster.     

The X-ray jet and halo of PKS 0521−365

Chandra ACIS observations of PKS 0521−365 find that the X-ray emission of this BL Lac object consists of emission from an unresolved core, a diffuse halo and a 2-arcsec jet feature coincident with the inner radio/optical jet. A comparison with a new ATCA 8.6-GHz map also finds X-ray emission from the bright hotspot south-east of the nucleus. The jet spectrum, from radio to X-ray, is probably synchrotron emission from an electron population with a broken power-law energy distribution, and resembles the spectra seen from the jets of low-power (FR I) radio galaxies. The hotspot X-ray flux is consistent with the expectations of synchrotron self-Compton emission from a plasma close to equipartition, as seen in studies of high-power (FR II) radio galaxies. While the angular structure of the halo is similar to that found by an analysis of the ROSAT High Resolution Imager image, its brightness is seen to be lower with Chandra , and the halo is best interpreted as thermal emission from an atmosphere of similar luminosity to the haloes around FR I radio galaxies. The X-ray properties of PKS 0521−365 are consistent with it being a foreshortened, beamed, radio galaxy.     

The X-ray properties of optically selected z > 0.6 clusters in the European Southern Observatory Distant Cluster Survey

We present XMM–Newton observations of three optically selected   z > 0.6  clusters from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS), comprising the first results of a planned X-ray survey of the full EDisCS high-redshift sample. The EDisCS clusters were identified in the Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey as surface brightness fluctuations in the optical sky and their masses and galaxy populations are well described by extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations. We detect two of the three clusters in the X-ray and place a firm upper limit on diffuse emission in the third cluster field. We are able to constrain the X-ray luminosity and temperature of the detected clusters and estimate their masses. We find that the X-ray properties of the detected EDisCS clusters are similar to those of X-ray-selected clusters of comparable mass and – unlike other high-redshift, optically selected clusters – are consistent with the T –σ and   L _X–σ  relations determined from X-ray-selected clusters at low redshift. The X-ray determined mass estimates are generally consistent with those derived from weak-lensing and spectroscopic analyses. These preliminary results suggest that the novel method of optical selection used to construct the EDisCS catalogue may, like selection by X-ray luminosity, be well suited for identification of relaxed, high-redshift clusters whose intracluster medium is in place and stable by   z ∼ 0.8  .     

Radio jet interactions in the radio galaxy PKS 2152–699

We present radio observations of the radio galaxy PKS 2152–699 obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The much higher resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the new radio maps reveal the presence of a bright radio component about 10 arcsec north-east of the nucleus. This lies close to the highly ionized cloud previously studied in the optical and here shown in a broad-band red snapshot image with the HST PC 2. It suggests that PKS 2152–699 may be a jet/cloud interaction similar to 3C 277.3. This could cause the change in the position angle (of ∼ 20°) of the radio emission from the inner to the outer regions. On the large scale, the source has Fanaroff & Riley type II morphology although the presence of the two hotspots in the centres of the lobes is unusual. The northern lobe shows a particularly relaxed structure while the southern one has an edge-brightened, arc-like structure.     

X-ray and radio observations of the poor cluster A3581 which hosts the radio galaxy PKS 1404 − 267

We present new X-ray and H  I 21-cm data on the poor cluster of galaxies Abell 3581. The ASCA spectrum requires a low temperature, has a strong requirement for excess absorption and shows evidence for multi-temperature components. The ROSAT HRI image shows the strongly peaked emission indicative of a cooling flow. Despite the low temperature (∼ 1.5–2.0 keV) and low luminosity (∼ 2 × 10⁴² erg s⁻¹ in the 2–10 keV band), Abell 3581 has a mass deposition rate ∼ 80 M⊙ yr⁻¹ which is larger than found for other nearby low-luminosity objects. VLA observations in the 21-cm band set velocity width and spin temperature dependent limits on the column density of atomic hydrogen.     

Cluster contribution to the X-ray background as a cosmological probe

Extensive measurements of the X-ray background (XRB) yield a reasonably reliable characterization of its basic properties. Having resolved most of the cosmic XRB into discrete sources, the levels and spectral shapes of its main components can be used to probe both the source populations and also alternative cosmological and large-scale structure models. Recent observations of clusters seem to provide evidence that clusters formed earlier and are more abundant than predicted in the standard Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. This motivates interest in alternative models that predict enhanced power on cluster scales. We calculate predicted levels and spectra of the superposed emission from groups and clusters of galaxies in ΛCDM and in two viable alternative non-Gaussian  (χ²)  and early dark energy models. The predicted levels of the contribution of clusters to the XRB in the non-Gaussian models exceed the measured level at low energies and levels of the residual XRB in the 2–8 keV band; these particular models are essentially ruled out. Our work demonstrates the diagnostic value of the integrated X-ray emission from clusters, by considering also its dependences on different metallicities, gas and temperature profiles, Galactic absorption, merger scenarios and on a non-thermal pressure component. We also show that the XRB can be used for an upper limit for the concentration parameter value.