纳米镍/铁去除氯代烃影响因素的探讨

氯代烃是地下水中最常检出的有机污染物之一,传统的处理方法去除率很低。近年来随着铁还原技术的发展,纳米铁和纳米双金属也成为一个活跃的研究领域。利用批实验的研究方法以四氯乙烯(PCE)和四氯化碳(CT)为目标污染物,研究纳米镍/铁在去除PCE过程中的影响因素。实验结果表明,在碱性条件下,纳米Ni/Fe对PCE脱氯速率比在酸性和中性条件下脱氯速率更快;纳米Ni/Fe对初始浓度为6·51mg/L的PCE溶液脱氯速率是对初始浓度为20·56mg/L的PCE溶液脱氯速率的1·8倍;对于氯代程度相同的CT和PCE,对CT的脱氯速率明显快于对PCE。     

纳米镍/铁去除四氯乙烯的影响因素

氯代烃是地下水中最常检出的有机污染物之一,传统的处理方法需要很长时间与经费。近年来随着铁还原技术的发展,纳米铁和纳米双金属也是一个活跃的研究领域。本文利用批实验的研究方法以四氯乙烯(PCE)为目标污染物,研究纳米镍/铁在去除PCE过程中的影响因素。实验结果表明,暴露后的纳米Ni/Fe脱氯速率比不暴露时速率降低约4倍;反应温度是影响反应速率的一个重要因素之一,每升高10℃,反应速率常数kSA提高2~3倍;在一定范围内,Ni/Fe质量比越高,越利于脱氯反应的快速进行,当Ni/Fe的质量百分比为8%左右时,对氯代烃脱氯速率最快;反应液中的溶解…     

纳米镍／铁对四氯乙烯快速脱氯试验

实验室合成的纳米Ni/Fe(粒径20~60nm,比表面积为52. 61m2 /g),在固液比相对较低条件下(5. 4g/L),对四氯乙烯(PCE)能够快速并完全脱氯,在6h时,脱氯率为99. 70%,反应符合准一级反应动力学方程,标准化反应速率常数kSA为3. 04mL·m-2·h-1。反应过程中水样未检测到其他的氯代中间产物或最终产物,无毒的烃类乙烷(C2H6 )是主要产物,约占加入时PCE总碳质量的94% ~110%。试验结果说明加氢催化剂Ni的存在,通过原电池腐蚀作用提高了脱氯速率并同时增加了良性产     

负载型Mn/RE催化剂制备条件对其电催化功效的影响

采用Mn/RE多相催化电解氧化方法深度处理垃圾渗滤液,制备了负载型Mn/RE氧化物双活性组分催化剂,研究了Mn/RE负载型催化剂的制备条件(不同组分的浓度配比,焙烧温度,催化剂载体材料)对电多相催化氧化降解垃圾渗滤液中有机物的影响,确定催化剂的适宜制备条件研究结果表明:催化剂中Mn 与稀土组分复合其催化活性好于单一组分,其中以Ce+ Mn制备的催化剂效果最好;浸渍液金属离子质量分数Mn为3％、Ce为1％,焙烧温度为550℃.以γ-Al2O3为载体时所制得的催化剂活性较高并且该催化剂的性能稳定,经6次使用后仍具有一定的催化活性.对于COD为533mg/L的渗滤液生物处理出水的电解氧化降解,采用催化剂后,COD去除率由26.9％提高到71 76％,可有效降低COD.     

自然水体和土壤中氯代烃和芳香烃类化合物分析测试方法研究

利用内标物,固相萃取剂和选择离子监测气相色谱-质谱分析方法对自然水体和土壤中氯代烃和芳香烃类化合物进行定量检测。分析结果显示,水样的平均误差基本在25%以内,土壤样品在10%以内,误差随着化合物浓度的降低而增大。方法简化了样品处理程序。     

零价铁降解水中氯代烃的实验室研究

由于氯代有机溶剂的大量使用和使用氯气对饮用水消毒 ,致使四氯化碳 (CT)和四氯乙烯 (PCE)成为地下水和饮用水中常见的污染物 .利用廉价铁屑对CT和PCE进行还原性脱氯 ,对其动力学过程进行初步研究 ,并对影响反应速率的因素进行探讨 .结果表明 ,零价铁对氯代烃有明显的脱氯作用 ,相同氯代程度的烷烃和烯烃 ,烷烃的脱氯速度快 ,反应符合一级反应动力学方程 ,反应是准一级反应 ,反应速率受到传质速率即零价铁比表面积的影响 .     

Impact Factors on Removal of Perchloroethylene with Nano-Ni/Fe Methodology

Chlorinated hydrocarbons are widely detected in groundwater, but conventional removal methodologies are not time-and-cost effective. With the development of iron reducing technology in recent years, research on nano-iron and nano-bimetal has become a hot spot. The paper presents the results of impact factors on perchloroethylene （PCE） removal by nano-Ni/Fe method. The data show that the reaction rate of unexposed nano-Ni/Fe is 4 times higher than exposed one; and temperature is one of the important controlling factors. Reaction rate constant KSA increases by 2-3 times with every 10℃ increment of temperature. Within a specific range, higher Ni/Fe ratio favors dechlorination process. When the Ni/Fe is 8%, the dechlorination process reaches the highest rate. Dissoved oxygen in the solution does not favor the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons.     

纳米镍-铁去除四氯乙烯的影响因素

氯代烃是地下水中最常检出的有机污染物之一,传统的处理方法需要很长时间与大量经费。本文利用批实验的研究方法以四氯乙烯(PCE)为目标污染物,研究纳米镍铁在去除PCE过程中的影响因素。实验结果表明,暴露后的纳米镍铁脱氯速率比不暴露时速率降低约4倍;反应温度是影响反应速率的重要因素之一,每升高10℃,反应速率常数kSA提高2～3倍;在一定范围内,镍/铁质量比越高,越利于脱氯反应的快速进行,镍/铁的质量比为8%左右时,对氯代烃脱氯速率最快;反应液中的溶解氧不利于纳米颗粒对氯代烃的降解。     

Dechlorination of trichloroethylene in solution over supported nano zero valent Fe and Cu/Fe bimetal on exfoliated graphite

Degradation of organic halides by reductive dehalogenation promoted by zerovalent metals is a very active research area. The use of nano-sized particles of zero valent iron （ZVI） or bimetallic combinations of ZVI currently attracts the most attention due to their high surface areas and high reactive activity. The introduction of second catalytic metals, such as Pd, Pt, Cu, or Ni, results in an even higher dehalogenation rate. The supported zero-valent iron materials have higher activity and greater flexibility for environmental remediation applications than other forms of ZVI. Nano ZVI supported on micro-scale exfoliated graphite was prepared by using KBH4 as the reducing agent in the H2O/ethanol solution of Fe^2＋ in the laboratory. Then the ethanol solution of Cu^2＋ was added to the fleshly prepared wet supported nano ZVI. The Fe/Cu bimetallic particles supported on the graphite were obtained because of the reduction and deposition of Cu on the Fe surface. The TEM image showed that iron particles were highly dispersed on the surface of graphite. In this study, supported zero valent Cu/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were used for the dehalogenation of trichloroethylene （TCE） in batch experiments. The dechlorination rate of supported zero valent Fe/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles was greater than the supported nano ZVI. Supported Cu/Fe bimetal with 4 wt% Cu had the fastest dehalogenation rate than that with different content of Cu. When the nana FeO dosage was 5 g/L in the dehalogention system, 8 mg/L of TCE was completely dechlorinated within 4 hours. Increasing or decreasing the FeO dosage, the dechlorination rate could be worse. When the concentration of Fe^2＋ was 0.05 mol/L during the preparation by KBH4 reduction, the nano Cu/Fe particles exhibited the spheral shape with 50-80 nm in size. When the concentration of Fe^2＋ was higher （0.2 mol/L）, the nano particles were the palpus structure and had the poor dehalogenation effect on the TCE.     

气相色谱法测定油气化探样品中酸解烃的研究

本文通过改进传统制备酸解烃样品的单套脱气装置,采用多套酸解烃脱气装置,建立了自动进样-毛细管柱气相色谱法测定油气化探样品中酸解烃的分析方法,并对主要仪器分析条件及质量监控方法进行了讨论。结果表明,样品在真空40℃水浴条件下酸解反应10 min,酸解烃脱出气储存于密封瓶中供气相色谱检测,方法检出限为0.007~0.057μL/kg,精密度(RSD,n=12)为0.8%~1.1%。对105件样品2次独立测试结果的相对偏差为0.01%~19.66%,平均值为7.81%(以甲烷计算)。该方法能够满足油气化探酸解烃样品分析的质量要求,并在天然气水合物勘查中取得了较好的应用效果。