Landfill site selection by decision-making tools based on fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making method

Landfill site selection is a complex and time-consuming process, which requires evaluation of several factors where many different attributes are taken into account. Decision makers always have some difficulties in making the right decision in the multiple attribute environments. After identifying candidate sites, these sites should be ranked using decision-making methods. This study applies Chang’s fuzzy AHP-based multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) method for selection of the best site of landfills based on a set of decision criteria. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was designed to make pairwise comparisons of selected criteria by domain experts for assigning weights to the decision criteria. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to make pairwise comparisons and assign weights to the decision criteria. It is easier for a decision maker to describe a value for an alternative by using linguistic terms and fuzzy numbers. In the fuzzy-based AHP method, the rating of each alternative was described using the expression of triangular fuzzy membership functions. Once the global weights of the criteria is calculated by AHP, they are incorporated into the decision matrices composed by decision maker and passed to fuzzy-AHP method which is used to determine preference order of siting alternatives. In this study, a computer program based on the Chang’s fuzzy method was also developed in MATLAB environment for ranking and selecting the landfill site. As an example of the proposed methodology, four different hypothetical areas were chosen and implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the program. By using this program, the precision was improved in comparison with traditional methods and computational time required for ranking and selecting the suitable landfill site was significantly reduced.     

Landfill site selection using combination of fuzzy logic and multi-attribute decision-making approach

During the last decades, growth of urbanization and industrialization led to an increase in solid waste generation. Landfilling is the most prevalent ultimate disposal method for the municipal solid wastes in developing countries. The rapid municipal solid waste generation in Markazi province (central part of Iran) causes the need for precision in finding a suitable landfill site selection. In the present study, 12 factors (environmental and socioeconomic factors) have been applied to select the landfill site in Markazi province, Iran. The different methods including the analytic network process (ANP) combined with fuzzy linguistic quantifier, ordered weighted average (OWA), and weighted linear combination (WLC) approach in geographic information system was applied to find an appropriate landfill site. The OWA operator function permits the evaluation of the wide spectrum of consequences (with different scenario) obtained from different management strategies. Results revealed that integration of fuzzy logic, ANP, and OWA provides flexible and better ideas compared to the Boolean logic and WLC to select a suitable landfill site.     

模糊数学在优选油田开发方案中的应用

针对油气田开发方案中各评价指标既互相依赖,又互相矛盾,难以进行全面评价的特点。使用模糊数学方法建立计算模型,通过模糊综合评判,选择了油气田开发的优选方案。     

Application of fuzzy clustering and fuzzy classification to evaluate the provenance of glacial till

To evaluate the provenance of glacial till, the trace element content of magnetite was used. Magnetite was present in all known rock types and all till samples in the area investigated. By using fuzzy-set theory it was possible to group samples of magnetite taken from bedrock into relatively homogeneous and geologically meaningful groups and also, by fuzzy classification, to relate the till samples to the rocks in such a way that the relative contribution of each rock type to the till is estimated. Each rock and till sample is assigned a membership value between 0 and 1 for each rock type. The membership values, for a certain rock type in the till, are then interpolated by kriging onto maps. Magnetites from skarns associated with sulfide ores especially are rather distinct, and so a map of such membership values for till unveils all known ore deposits some 1–5 km downstreamin the general direction of the ice flow. Other anomalies show up which cannot be related to hitherto known ores or mineralizations.     

GIS和SDSS在高速公路选线之中的应用

以地理信息系统（GIS）和空间决策支持系统（SDSS）技术为基础，以地理信息系统工具CITYSTAR为平台，以VB为开发工具，在高速公路选线理论的指导下并考虑选线工作中的实际问题，对如何把GIS和SDSS应用到高速公路选线中进行了探讨，并以青岛、黄岛、灵山卫、南岭等环胶州湾地区为研究对象，初步设计出了高速公路选线决策支持系统。     

Modeling and assessing land-use and hydrological processes to future land-use and climate change scenarios in watershed land-use planning

Effective information regarding environmental responses to future land-use and climate change scenarios provides useful support for decision making in land use planning, management and policies. This study developed an approach for modeling and examining the impacts of future land-use and climate change scenarios on streamflow, surface runoff and groundwater discharge using an empirical land-use change model, a watershed hydrological model based on various land use policies and climate change scenarios in an urbanizing watershed in Taiwan. The results of the study indicated that various demand and conversion policies had different levels of impact on hydrological components in all land-use scenarios in the study watershed. Climate changes were projected to have a greater impact in increasing surface runoff and reducing groundwater discharge than are land use changes. Additionally, the spatial distributions of land-use changes also influenced hydrological processes in both downstream and upstream areas, particularly in the downstream watershed. The impacts on hydrological components when considering both land use and climate changes exceeded those when only considering land use changes or climate changes, particularly on surface runoff and groundwater discharge. However, the proposed approach provided a useful source of information for assessing the responses of land use and hydrological processes to future land use and climate changes.     

基坑支护方案的灰色模糊可变决策模型

针对影响基坑支护方案决策因素所具有的不确定性、模糊性以及影响因素与评价指标间的相互关联性特点,基于灰色理论和模糊数学理论,建立了基坑支护方案的灰色模糊可变决策模型。应用基于贴近度最大的组合赋权方法确定评价指标权重,并用集值统计法对定性指标进行量化,以解决影响模型决策结果准确程度的关键问题。工程实例分析表明,采用该模型更为科学、有效,易于实现程序化。更重要的是,该方法能够提高优选决策的合理性和可信度,为决策者提供有力的参考,具有一定推广和应用价值。     

模糊聚类在地层分析中的应用

传统上,对于依据原始资料进行地层的划分与合并往往依靠工程师个人的经验与习惯。引入了模糊聚类概念,提出了一种根据基本物理力学指标进行土层归并分类的合理方法,物理意义明确,计算简捷,具有普遍意义。还提出了一种用参数的变异系数来检验模糊聚类结果的方法,使模糊聚类的结果与统计参数对应起来,从而使验证结果满足规范的规定,保证了地层归并的合理性。     

Applying fuzzy logic to open data for sustainable development decision-making: a case study of the planned city Amaravati

Surf zone injuries (SZIs) are common worldwide, yet limited data are available for many geographical regions, including Europe. This study provides the first preliminary overview of SZIs along approximately 230 km of hazardous surf beaches in SW France during the summer season. A total of 2523 SZIs over 186 sample days during the summers of 2007, 2009 and 2015 were analysed. Documented injury data included date and time; beach location; flag colour; outside/inside of the bathing zone; age, gender, country and home postal code of the victim; activity; cause of injury; injury type and severity. Injuries sustained ranged from mild contusion to fatal drowning, including severe spinal injuries, wounds and luxation. While the most severe injuries (drowning) were related to rip currents, a large number of SZIs occurred as a result of shore-break waves (44.6%; n = 1125) and surfing activity (31.0%; n = 783) primarily inside and outside of lifeguard-patrolled bathing zones, respectively. Victims were primarily French living more than 40 km from the beach (75.9% of the reported addresses; n = 1729), although a substantial number of victims originated from Europe (14.7% of the addresses reported; n = 335), including the Netherlands (44.2%; n = 148), Germany (26.3%; n = 88) and Belgium (12.5%; n = 49). The predominant age group involved in the incidents was between 10 and 25 years (54.5%; n = 1376) followed by between 35 and 50 years (22.6%; n = 570), with the majority of SZIs involving males (69.6%, n = 1617). Despite the large predominance (74.1%; n = 33) of males involved in the most severe drowning incidents, all of which occurred outside the bathing zone, a surprisingly large proportion of females (48.0%; n = 133) experienced milder drowning incidents involving only minor to moderate respiratory impairment, peaking at 58.2% (n = 85) within the age group 10–25. The spine/cervical injury population is very young, with 58.5% (n = 313) within the age group 10–20. Specific injuries tended to occur in clusters (e.g. rip-current drowning or shore-break injury) with particular days prone to rip-current drowning or hazardous shore-break waves, suggesting the potential to predict the level of risk to beachgoers based on basic weather and marine conditions. This study calls for increased social-based beach safety research in France and the development of more effective public awareness campaigns to highlight the surf zone hazards, even within a supervised bathing zone. These campaigns should be targeted towards young males and females, in order to reduce the number of injuries and drownings occurring on beaches in SW France.     

模糊数学在边坡稳定分析中的应用

边坡稳定性分析是一个非常复杂的不确定问题,其不确定性主要有两种：随机不确定和模糊不确定。实践证明,模糊不确定是比随机不确定更为深刻的不确定性。综述了模糊数学在边坡稳定性分析中的应用,重点阐述了模糊综合评判、模糊参数非概率稳定性分析和模糊随机可靠度的原理、特点及研究现状。针对模糊理论和边坡稳定自身的特点及其研究现状,对模糊数学在边坡稳定性分析应用中存在的问题及未来的发展方向进行了分析,以期为相关研究提供有益借鉴。     

Application and verification of fuzzy algebraic operators to landslide susceptibility mapping

The aim of this study was to apply and to verify the use of fuzzy logic to landslide susceptibility mapping in the Gangneung area, Korea, using a geographic information system (GIS). For this aim, in the study, a data-derived model (frequency ratio) and a knowledge-derived model (fuzzy operator) were combined. Landslide locations were identified by changing the detection technique of KOMPSAT-1 images and checked by field studies. For landslide susceptibility mapping, maps of the topography, lineaments, soil, forest, and land cover were extracted from the spatial data sets, and the eight factors influencing landslide occurrence were obtained from the database. Using the factors and the identified landslide, the fuzzy membership values were calculated. Then fuzzy algebraic operators were applied to the fuzzy membership values for landslide susceptibility mapping. Finally, the produced map was verified by comparing with existing landslide locations for calculating prediction accuracy. Among the fuzzy operators, in the case in which the gamma operator (λ = 0.975) showed the best accuracy (84.68%) while the case in which the fuzzy or operator was applied showed the worst accuracy (66.50%).     

模糊综合评判在煤层顶板稳定性评价中的应用

通过对淮南煤田潘三矿的顶板条件进行分析和研究,提出了一套行之有效的评价指标体系,运用模糊综合评判方法对煤层顶板稳定性进行定量评价和预测,结果表明潘三矿煤层顶板稳定性中等,北部比南部稳定性差,东部比西部差,这可以为采煤工作面顶板安全管理提供科学依据。     

Genetic geochemical model for mining affected groundwaters of the Lusatian post-mining district

Using groundwater quality data from the Lusatian post-mining district a hydrogeochemical model is derived for the evolution of mining affected groundwaters in pyrite-rich dumps which consist mainly of silicates and variable amounts of calcite. Pyrite oxidation paralleled by buffer processes leads to gypsum saturation in a significant portion of the water. Gypsum precipitation controls SO₄ and Ca concentrations in groundwaters above an ionic strength (I) of 60 mM. It has been found that there is always a clear relationship between I, SO₄ and Ca concentrations. In particular, there is a tendency that Ca concentrations decrease with increase in ionic strength above I = 60 mM and a striking rareness of samples with SO₄ concentrations between 20 and 30 mM above an ionic strength of 100 mM. These observations are explained by a genetic model. This model also explains the observed relationship between the c(Fe)/c(SO₄)-ratio, the ionic strength, and the observed pH-values. Based on the field data and supported by geochemical equilibrium calculations, it is shown that silicate weathering along with calcite dissolution must be a significant buffering process at least in some areas.     

Fuzzy测度理论在岩质边坡稳定性分析中的应用

目前国内常用的边坡稳定性评价方法主要是传统的极限平衡法,这种方法在分析边坡稳定性时不能够反映边坡真实的情况,因此分析效果不是十分的理想;利用李文秀提出的Fuzzy测度法,通过建立Fuzzy测度模型,可定量地分析岩质边坡的稳定性,并对实际边坡工程有指导性的意义。     

环境同位素和模糊聚类法研究堤坝渗漏

利用环境同位素方法对高水河堤防几个典型段进行了渗漏分析,查明了其地下水的渗漏来源,结果表明,江都船厂段T1#孔、小菜谭段T23#孔中的地下水为河水补给来源,T5#孔附近的黑鱼塘水为当地降雨补给,万寿宫段T7#孔中的地下水为河水和当地降雨的混合。由于环境同位素的分析方法只能定性的说明问题,笔者尝试应用模糊聚类方法,选取环境同位素和水化学值作为指标特征值,并赋与不同的权重,进行模糊聚类分析,分析结果与环境同位素、水化学分析结论一致。     

大通河流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文响应

以大通河流域为研究区域,利用1985年和2005年土地利用数据,结合SWAT分布式水文模型定量评估了流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应。结果表明：1985-2005年大通河流域的土地利用变化主要表现为草地向耕地、居工地转变,草地所占比例由46.7%骤降至20.9%,而耕地面积由1985年的1065.8km²增加到2005年的3243km²;相较于1985年的土地利用情景,2005年土地利用情景下的模拟的多年平均径流增加了1.92×10⁸m³,由于上中下游主要的土地利用/覆被变化不同,导致流域径流变化增加程度由西北至东南逐渐增大;大通河流域年径流的增加主要表现为汛期径流增加,讯期月平均径流增幅达到了0.40×10⁸m³·mon^-1;非汛期径流则呈不明显减小趋势,平均降幅为0.024×10⁸m³·mon^-1。合理规划大通河流域土地利用方式,提高水源区涵养能力,对流域水资源可持续发展具有重要意义。     

模糊识别方法在葡萄花油田压裂选井选层中的应用

随着油田开发时间的延长，葡萄花油田压裂增油效果逐渐变差，低效井比例增多。通过对葡萄花油田几年来近300口压裂井改造前后生产数据的统计分析，寻找压裂井增产规律，并在此基础上应用模糊识别数学模型理论指导压裂井的选井选层。实践证明，该方法简单易行，措施方案符合率高，可以做为葡萄花油田今后压裂选井选层的依据。     

GIS and multi-criteria analysis to select potential sites of agro-industrial complex

The selection of the potential sites to the creation of an agro-industrial complex requires a large amount of spatial information. Geographical information systems are capable of managing this information, providing the ability to integrate multiple layers of information and deriving new ones. This study incorporates environmental, social, economic, geological and infrastructural data. A multi-criteria analysis is performed to select the potential sites to the creation of an agro-industrial complex in the city of Sfax (the southern coast of Tunisia). The comparison by pair method adopted in this paper, based on a linear combination pondered after having assigned to every factor of decision a coefficient of level-headedness, creates many scenarios among which we selected the sustainable development one. This scenario assigned the highest weight to the economical, environmental and social factors (0.3 for each factor), which shows the presence of nine suitable sectors for the creation of an agro-industrial complex. The ELECTRE method enabled us to make a site ordering for the identification of the most three appropriate sites.     

Application of limited fuzzy clusters to anomaly recognition in complex geological environments

In stream sediment and soil surveys, samples represent mixtures of components from different geological environments. Such mixed samples are misclassified when using conventional “hard” cluster methods. In fuzzy clustering, each sample is allowed to belong to several clusters. Similar to element concentrations, these cluster contributions can be displayed in contour maps (e.g. kriging maps). The amount of an element that is explained by the cluster contribution and element residuals can be calculated. The modified fuzzy clustering algorithm called “limited fuzzy clusters” used in this paper avoids negative residuals.Stream sediment data of Sierra de San Carlos, Tamaulipas, Mexico are used to demonstrate the possibilities of limited fuzzy clustering in geochemical exploration and mapping. From the different drainage systems, 681 stream sediment samples were taken and analyzed for 24 elements. A nineteen-element data set was used to calculate limited fuzzy clusters and element residuals. The contribution values for the clusters and element residuals are displayed in contour maps. All geological units were outlined by the cluster contributions. Extended anomalies are characterized by their own cluster. Small anomalies are clearly identified from the element residuals.