The X-ray jet and halo of PKS 0521−365

Chandra ACIS observations of PKS 0521−365 find that the X-ray emission of this BL Lac object consists of emission from an unresolved core, a diffuse halo and a 2-arcsec jet feature coincident with the inner radio/optical jet. A comparison with a new ATCA 8.6-GHz map also finds X-ray emission from the bright hotspot south-east of the nucleus. The jet spectrum, from radio to X-ray, is probably synchrotron emission from an electron population with a broken power-law energy distribution, and resembles the spectra seen from the jets of low-power (FR I) radio galaxies. The hotspot X-ray flux is consistent with the expectations of synchrotron self-Compton emission from a plasma close to equipartition, as seen in studies of high-power (FR II) radio galaxies. While the angular structure of the halo is similar to that found by an analysis of the ROSAT High Resolution Imager image, its brightness is seen to be lower with Chandra , and the halo is best interpreted as thermal emission from an atmosphere of similar luminosity to the haloes around FR I radio galaxies. The X-ray properties of PKS 0521−365 are consistent with it being a foreshortened, beamed, radio galaxy.     

Gas kinematics in M31

The systemic velocity of M31, rotation and expansion velocities as functions of galactocentric distance have been derived from all data available on the radial velocity field of the Andromeda galaxy. The bending of the outer parts of the M31 disk has been considered. The calculations confirm the existence of gas outflow from the central parts of the galaxy. The obtained rotation curve is rather flat from 5 to 37 kpc. The spiral arms cause the waves both in the rotation and expansion curve. The new rotation curve is given in Table III.     

星系团PKS 0745-191中射电气体对X射线气体的加热

对星系团中相对论性粒子的能量演化做了数值计算，在此基础上，联合分析Chandra卫星数据和VLA射电观测结果，计算了星系团PKS0745-191中高能射电气体对X射线气体的加热作用，发现在射电气体幂律谱能量下限为0.001erg时，射电气体对X射线气体的加热不足以补充X射线气体的辐射能损．然后在计算研究了不同能量下限时射电气体对X射线气体的加热作用，并估计了射电气体的能量下限．     

A new estimate of the galactic halo mass based on the kinematics of globular clusters

We calculated the energy distribution function for globular clusters in our Galaxy, using the inversion procedure first suggested by Eddington. If the halo mass distribution is of the formM _H=r ^1.21, then the observed data on the velocity dispersion of F-clusters can be explained, resulting an enclosed mass of 4.3×10¹¹ M within a galactocentric radius of 33 kpc.     

Hadronuclear interpretation of the possible neutrino emission from PKS B1424-418,GB6 J1040+0617 and PKS 1502+106

In addition to neutrino event IceCube-170922A which is observed to be associated with a γ-ray flare from blazar TXS 0506+056,there are also several neutrino eve...     

Tentative detection of warm intervening gas towards PKS 0548-322 with XMM–Newton

We present the results of a long (∼93 ks) XMM–Newton observation of the bright BL-Lac object  PKS 0548-322 ( z = 0.069)  . Our Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) spectrum shows a single absorption feature at an observed wavelength  λ= 23.33 ± 0.01 Å  , which we interpret as O  vi Kα absorption at   z = 0.058  , i.e. ∼3000 km s⁻¹ from the background object. The observed equivalent width of the absorption line, ∼30 mÅ, coupled with the lack of the corresponding absorption edge in the EPIC pn data, implies a column density of   N _O VI∼ 2 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻²  and turbulence with a Doppler velocity parameter   b > 100 km s⁻¹  . Within the limitations of our RGS spectrum, no O  vii or O  v Kα absorption are detected. Under the assumption of ionization equilibrium by both collisions and the extragalactic background, this is only marginally consistent if the gas temperature is  ∼2.5 × 10⁵ K  , with significantly lower or higher values being excluded by our limits on O  v or O  vii . If confirmed, this would be the first X-ray detection of a large amount of intervening warm absorbing gas through O  vi absorption. The existence of such a high column density absorber, much stronger than any previously detected one in O  vi , would place stringent constraints on the large-scale distribution of baryonic gas in the Universe.     

星系团PKS 0745-191中射电气体与X射线气体的相互作用

利用星系团PKS 0745—191中心区域的Chandra数据,研究了在中心星系的西边且沿着射电结构而分布的一团明亮X射线气体的性质,发现这团气体是低温而高密的;另由射电观测计算发现射电气体在中心星系的西边压强梯度要大于东边,这说明那团 X射线冷气体与射电气体之间存在相互作用．该冷气体可能是由射电浮力泡从中心星系带出;或者是外围冷气体受到了射电气体的支撑及扰动而形成．进一步,假设气体处在压强重力平衡状态,计算了中心区域的X射线气体的体积占有率为b=0．69±0．28,并且讨论了射电气体所包含的相对论性粒子的性质以及射电气体膨胀对冷流的影响．     

Infrared Variation of BL Lacertae Object PKS 0735+178

In this paper, the long-term ( about 20 years) near-infrared data have been compiled from the published literature for BL Lac object PKS 0735+178; The light curve in the infrared (JHK) bands have been presented; The maximum variations of Δ J=2m .47, Δ H=2m .30, and Δ K = 2m.40, and color indices of J- H=0.86 ± 0.11, J- K=1.71 ± 0.16, and H-K = 0.86 ± 0.12 have been obtained from the data. It is found that the spectrum changes with the brightness of the source in the infrared bands; The variations in the optical and infrared bands are found to be correlated suggesting that the emission mechanisms in the two bands are associated. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Probing the mass and anisotropy of the Milky Way gaseous halo: sight-lines toward Mrk 421 and PKS 2155-304

We recently found that the halo of the Milky Way contains a large reservoir of warm-hot gas that accounts for large fraction of the missing baryons from the Galaxy. The average physical properties of this circumgalactic medium (CGM) are determined by combining average absorption and emission measurements along several extragalactic sightlines. However, there is a wide distribution of both, the halo emission measure and the O?vii column density, suggesting that the Galactic warm-hot gaseous halo is anisotropic. We present Suzaku observations of fields close to two sightlines along which we have precise O?vii absorption measurements with Chandra. The column densities along these two sightlines are similar within errors, but we find that the emission measures are different: 0.0025±0.0006 cm^?6?pc near the Mrk 421 direction and 0.0042±0.0008 cm^?6?pc close to the PKS 2155-304 sightline. Therefore the densities and pathlengths in the two directions must be different, providing a suggestive evidence that the warm-hot gas in the CGM of the Milky Way is not distributed uniformly. However, the formal errors on derived parameters are too large to make such a claim. In the Mrk 421 direction we derive the density of \(1.6^{+2.6}_{-0.8} \times 10^{-4}~\mbox{cm}^{-3}\) and pathlength of \(334^{+685}_{-274}~\mbox{kpc}\) . In the PKS 2155-304 direction we measure the gas density of \(3.6^{+4.5}_{-1.8} \times10^{-4}~\mbox{cm}^{-3}\) and path-length of \(109^{+200}_{-82}~\mbox{kpc}\) . Thus the density and pathlength along these sightlines are consistent with each other within errors. The average density and pathlength of the two sightlines are similar to the global averages, so the halo mass is still huge, over 10 billion solar masses. With more such studies, we will be able to better characterize the CGM anisotropy and measure its mass more accurately. We can then compare the observational results with theoretical models and investigate if/how the CGM structure is related to the larger scale environment of the Milky Way. We also show that the Galactic disk makes insignificant contribution to the observed O?vii absorption; a similar conclusion was also reached by Henley and Shelton (2013) about the emission measure. We further argue that any density inhomogeneity in the warm-hot gas, be it from clumping, from the disk, or from a non-constant density gradient, would strengthen our result in that the Galactic halo path-length and the mass would become larger than what we estimate here. As such, our results are conservative and robust.     

Deconvolution of quasar images from point-spread function: Application to 3C 273, PKS 2135+147, and PKS 0812+020

The photometric structure of the resolved quasars 3C 273, PKS 2135+147, and PKS 0812+020 has been restored by an effective deconvolution procedure from observed photographic profiles and PFSs given by Wyckoffet al. (1981). Three well-defined components have been found in quasars: (1) the central point-like source, containing about 75% of the total light, (2) an intermediate region of about 10 kpc radius, whose luminosity seems to depend on the quasar's absolute luminosity, and (3) an external region with dimensions and behaviour of the brightness profile typical of giant elliptical and cD galaxies. The apperance of the photographic images of quasars with underlying nebulosities is discussed on the grounds of reliable extended PFSs and distances. An extensive discussion is devoted to the numerical aspects of deconvolution, which belongs to the class of ill-posed inverse problems. The regularization method, which avoids the numerical instabilities arising in such problems as well in the estimation of many nonlinear parameters is also described.     

The unusual host galaxy of the BL Lac object PKS 1413+135

The BL Lacertae object PKS 1413+135 is associated with a disc-dominated galaxy that heavily absorbs the BL Lac nucleus at optical and X-ray wavelengths. It has been argued whether this galaxy is actually the host galaxy of PKS 1413+135 or whether the BL Lac is a background QSO, gravitationally lensed by the apparent host galaxy. We have obtained deep high-resolution H -band images of this unusual BL Lac object using the UKIRT IRCAM3. Our observations show that the BL Lac nucleus is centred within 0.05 arcsec of the galaxy. Based on this result, we assess the probability for the lensing scenario and come to the conclusion that the disc galaxy is indeed the host of PKS 1413+135. The galaxy shows peanut-shaped isophotes, suggesting the presence of a central bar, which is a common feature of AGN.     

Satellite kinematics – II. The halo mass–luminosity relation of central galaxies in SDSS

The kinematics of satellite galaxies reflect the masses of the extended dark matter haloes in which they orbit, and thus shed light on the mass–luminosity relation (MLR) of their corresponding central galaxies. In this paper, we select a large sample of centrals and satellites from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and measure the kinematics (velocity dispersions) of the satellite galaxies as a function of the r -band luminosity of the central galaxies. Using the analytical framework presented in More, van den Bosch & Cacciato, we use these data to infer both the mean and the scatter of the MLR of central galaxies, carefully taking account of selection effects and biases introduced by the stacking procedure. As expected, brighter centrals on average reside in more massive haloes. In addition, we find that the scatter in halo masses for centrals of a given luminosity,  σ_{log  M}   , also increases with increasing luminosity. As we demonstrate, this is consistent with  σ_{log  L}   , which reflects the scatter in the conditional probability function   P ( L _c| M )  , being independent of halo mass. Our analysis of the satellite kinematics yields  σ_{log  L} = 0.16  ±  0.04  , in excellent agreement with constraints from clustering and group catalogues, and with predictions from a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. We thus conclude that the amount of stochasticity in galaxy formation, which is characterized by  σ_{log  L}   , is well constrained, independent of halo mass and in a good agreement with current models of galaxy formation.     

Variability in the southern blazars PKS 1921-293 and PKS 2155-152

We report results of 1435 MHz rapid variability observations of the southern extragalactic sources PKS 1921-293 and PKS 2155-152. Both objects displayed variability in their flux densities on timescales of the order of one and two weeks, respectively. A brief discussion on the origin of this variability is presented, with a comparison of different models that could account for the observations.Fellow of CONICET.     

A bar in the inner halo of barred galaxies – I. Structure and kinematics of a representative model

N -body simulations argue that the inner haloes of barred galaxies should not be spherical, nor even axisymmetric, but triaxial. The departure from sphericity is the strongest near the centre and decreases outwards; typical axial ratios for the innermost parts are of the order of 0.8. The halo shape is prolate-like in the inner parts up to a certain radius and then turns to oblate-like. I call this inner halo structure the 'halo bar' and analyse here in depth its structure and kinematics in a representative model. It is always considerably shorter than the disc bar. It lags the disc bar by only a few degrees at all radii and the difference between the two bar phases increases with distance from the centre. The two bars turn with roughly the same pattern speed. This means that the halo bar is a slow bar, since its corotation radius is much larger than its length. The bisymmetric component in the halo continues well outside the halo bar in the form of an open spiral, trailing behind the disc bar. The inner parts of the halo display some mean rotation in the same sense as the disc rotation. This is more important for particles nearer to the equatorial plane and decreases with increasing distance from it, but is always much smaller than the disc rotation.     

The Optical Properties of Variations for Bl Lac Object PKS 0735+178

The long-term variabilities of PKS 0735+178 in UBV bands have been shown and discussed by means of the methods of period analysis and correlation analysis. The results show that there is a strong variation period of 14.42years in B band, the variations in optical UBV bands are closely correlated with no delay, and the spectral shape is associated with the brightness of the source. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.