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气候生态环境监测预警系统建设探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对当前日益严重的生态环境问题,我国各级政府积极努力改善环境和加强生态建设.在此背景下,本文探讨了实施气候生态环境监测和预警系统工程的重要意义,利用SWOC分析方法对该系统建设进行了可行性分析,提出了系统建设的"三统一、两结合"指导思想,并对监测内容进行了分类,勾画了业务技术系统框架. 相似文献
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广东省气候生态环境监测与服务系统的设计框架Ⅰ--主要生态环境问题浅析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
广东地处祖国大陆南端,在气候类型上,71.6%为南亚热带、20.8%为中亚热带、7.6%为北热带。自北而南,土壤类型由红壤过渡到赤红壤、砖红壤,植被类型由亚热带常绿阔叶林过渡到亚热带季雨林、热带季雨林。近年来,广东生态环境保护、生态建设、资源管理得到加强,环境污染防治取得进展,生态环境质量也在逐步改善和提高。但广东生态环境形势依然严峻。充分认识并深入分析广东存在的主要生态环境问题,是气象部门气候生态环境监测与服务系统设计的前提。 相似文献
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内蒙古自治区太阳总辐射的气候学计算及其时空分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对比分析国内外太阳总辐射的气候学计算方法,最终给出内蒙古太阳辐射最佳计算公式。根据内蒙古及周边地区24个太阳辐射观测站历年各月的总辐射和日照百分率,采用最小二乘法拟合出公式中的经验系数,并在分区基础上通过内插将a、b系数推广到内蒙古108个气象站点上,从而建立了内蒙古太阳总辐射计算模型。结果表明:内蒙古太阳总辐射年际变化总体呈下降趋势,但不显著,而且不同区域在减小速率上差异明显。年变化则表现为单峰型变化趋势,以5月辐射量最大,6、7月次之,12月最小。全年和各月总辐射的空间分布形态一致,总的分布趋势由东北向西南逐渐递增。全区年总辐射在4633~6616 MJ·m-2之间,太阳能资源丰富程度均在丰富级别以上,而且大部分地区属于资源最丰富区和很丰富区,太阳能开发利用潜力巨大。 相似文献
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内蒙古东部近54年气候变化对生态环境演变的影响 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:14
利用4个代表站1951—2004年温度和降水资料,通过气候统计诊断分析方法,从气候要素变化趋势、基本气候状态特征以及生态环境演化趋势等方面,研究气候变化对生态环境演变的影响。结果表明:(1)近54年来东部区温度呈显著的升高态势。降水量波动性较大,总体上呈缓慢的增加趋势,但趋势不明显,属于气候自然波动的范围,而1998年至本世纪降水量呈下降趋势,并存在11年和22年的周期性变化。(2)无论是温度还是降水,目前都处于高的气候基本态和高气候变率时期,致使极端气候事件呈增加趋势。气候的变干、变暖以及变率的增大,加剧了内蒙古东部地区干旱化的程度。由此引起一系列生态环境问题,如湿地萎缩、草场退化等。(3)从示范区卫星遥感资料获悉,固定沙地面积的增加,说明科尔沁沙地沙漠化整体出现生态良性好转,但各类沙地图斑数的增加,表明在目前的气候条件下,沙地破碎化程度加剧,沙漠化局部有所恶化。 相似文献
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内蒙古草原温室气体排放日变化规律研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
采用静态值-气相色谱法研究内蒙古草原温室气体N2O、CO2、CH4与大气交换的日变化规律。CO2日排放变化形式基本相同,和大气交换的总结果是向大气排放,影响草原N2O排放日变化形式的关键是土壤含水量和表层土壤理化特性,日温变化主要影响其日变化强度;影响草原CH4日变化形式的关键因子是土壤水分和供氧状况,而温度和植物的生长状况则影响吸收强度,利用内蒙古草原温室气候排放相对固定的日变化形式,可以对相同生产季内每周1次的观测结果进行矫正。 相似文献
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Improved confidence in climate change projections of precipitation further evaluated using daily statistics from ENSEMBLES models 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
Fredrik Boberg Peter Berg Peter Thejll William J. Gutowski Jens H. Christensen 《Climate Dynamics》2010,35(7-8):1509-1520
Probability density functions for daily precipitation data are used as a validation tool comparing station measurements to seven transient regional climate model runs, with a horizontal resolution of 25 km and driven by the SRES A1B scenario forcing, within the ENSEMBLES project. The validation is performed for the control period 1961–1990 for eight predefined European subregions, and a ninth region enclosing all eight subregions, with different climate characteristics. Models that best match the observations are then used for making climate change projections of precipitation distributions during the twenty-first century for each subregion separately. We find, compared to the control period, a distinct decrease in the contribution to the total precipitation for days with moderate precipitation and a distinct increase for days with more intense precipitation. This change in contribution to the total precipitation is found to amplify with time during all of the twenty-first century with an average rate of 1.1% K?1. Furthermore, the crossover point separating the decreasing from the increasing contributions does not show any significant change with time for any specific subregion. These results are a confirmation and a specification of the results from a previous study using the same station measurements but with a regional climate model ensemble within the PRUDENCE project. 相似文献
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结合新疆尉犁县胡杨林区实际情况,通过数据采集、确定评价因子、建立评价模型,提出了一种基于3S技术,利用气象资料、EOS/MODIS卫星资料以及基础地理信息数据计算胡杨林区生态环境质量综合评价指数的方法,同时提出利用生态环境综合指数反映区域生态环境状况的思路。将此方法应用于新疆尉犁县胡杨林区2005—2007年7、8月份生态环境监测与综合评价,获得了近3a同期生态环境质量综合评价及动态对比结果。 相似文献
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Interannual variability and correlation of vegetation cover and precipitation in Eastern China 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Dejuan Jiang Hua Zhang Yong Zhang Kun Wang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,118(1-2):93-105
Based on the SPOT/VEGETATION Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and daily precipitation data of 357 meteorological stations, the spatial and temporal variability of vegetation cover, measured by NDVI, and precipitation as well as their relationships are investigated in Eastern China, which is portioned into three subregions (regions I, II, and III), for the period 1998–2010. The results show that high NDVI values appear mainly in Northeastern China and in August while high precipitation (PRETOT) occurs in Southeastern China and in July (June for Southern China). Extreme precipitation days (RD95p) and amount (EPRETOT) coincide well with PRETOT. Extreme precipitation intensity (RINTEN) has a similar spatial variability to PRETOT but with a smaller seasonal variation than PRETOT. Growing season NDVI is positively correlated with PRETOT in 11.7 % of the study area (mostly in arid to subhumid regions of Northern China), where precipitation is a limiting factor for vegetation growth. In contrast, a negative correlation between growing season NDVI and PRETOT is found in 4.8 % of the study area, mostly in areas around the Yangtze River and deep Northeastern China. No significant correlations between these two variables are found for the other regions because vegetation response to precipitation is affected by other factors such as temperature, radiation, and human disturbance. On a monthly scale, there is a positive correlation between NDVI and PRETOT in May (for region II) and September (all subregions except region I). NDVI variations lag 1 month behind PRETOT in June (for region I) and October. Correlations between NDVI and RD95p, EPRETOT are similar to that with PRETOT, but the relationships between NDVI and RINTEN are relatively weaker than with PRETOT. This study provides the technical basis for agriculture development and ecological construction in Eastern China. 相似文献
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