陕西旅游经济差异与空间结构研究

以陕西十地市为研究单元,运用加权变异系数、基尼系数、泰尔指数等方法分析了陕西2000～2009年旅游经济差异的时空演变,并对旅游经济差异进行分解。研究表明:陕西旅游经济发展的空间差异较大,但有缩小的趋势;国际旅游区域差异大于国内旅游区域差异,三大地区差异呈现出不同的特点。构建"一核、两轴和五板块"的旅游空间结构,提出促进其形成的举措。提升三大区域旅游经济和旅游产业竞争力。     

基于空间与产业分解视角的川藏铁路沿线经济差异分析

以规划建设中的川藏铁路沿线地区为研究区域,使用2000―2015年人口、地区生产总值与构成等数据,采用Nich指数、Theil指数与Gini系数分别测度经济相对发展速度和空间、产业视角下的经济差异。结果表明：近15年川藏铁路沿线地区经济发展强劲,增速高于全国平均水平,但具有明显的阶段性变化特征,藏东地区外援型经济的特点使其2012年后的增速回落与川西地区相比更为和缓。空间视角下,2000―2015年沿线地区经济差异经历“增大―缩小―再增大―再缩小”过程,经济发展总体趋于协调。藏东、川西两地区内部差异是区域经济差异存在的根源,其对总差异的贡献率高于94%,且藏东地区内部经济差异大于川西地区。产业分解视角下,川藏铁路沿线地区经济差异呈“增大―减小―再增大”态势。三大产业的差异依次为第三产业>第二产业>第一产业,相应的对总差异的贡献率亦依次为第三产业>第二产业>第一产业,但第二、第三产业贡献率差距呈缩小趋势。产业集中效应主导区域经济差异的变化,第二和第三产业（尤其是第三产业）在区域上的集聚是区域经济差异扩大的决定性因素。     

环嵩山地区史前聚落时空格局变化研究

史前聚落时空格局反映了早期人类社会组织形态和生产生活方式及其演化特征,对其进行深入研究有助于理解早期人类活动与自然环境之间的互动机制。本研究采用标准差椭圆、核密度(Kernel)相结合的GIS点模式分析方法,对比研究了华夏文明起源核心区域——环嵩山地区裴李岗、仰韶、龙山、夏商4个时期聚落分布时空格局和密度集聚程度的变化特征。研究结果显示:1)从裴李岗时期到龙山时期聚落分布趋于分散,从龙山时期到夏商时期,聚落分布趋于集中;从裴李岗时期到仰韶时期聚落空间分布由西北-东南格局向东北-西南方向转变。龙山时期聚落空间分布沿袭了仰韶时期东北-西南格局特征,夏商时期聚落分布又转变近东-西方向。2)环嵩山地区聚落遗址点空间分布核密度存在明显的空间差异;聚落遗址点分布的密集地带在空间上明显出现转移,裴李岗时期最密集地带在新密市;仰韶时期,聚落分布密度比裴李岗时期大大增加,形成偃师、荥阳、郑州3个典型的中心;龙山时期,聚落密度相对仰韶时期稍微降低,保留了两个聚落密度集聚中心,即偃师地区与郑州地区;夏商时期核密度在4个时期中是最大的,聚落密度集聚中心与龙山时期大致相同。环嵩山地区史前时期聚落时空格局变化研究表明早期聚落形态及其演化过程是人类在一定环境基础上依据自身文化特征选择和适应的结果。     

经济地理学新的思维范畴

全球经济一体化与信息时代的到来，给经济地理学带来了新的变化，加之实践的检验，经济地理学由过去那些“区位论”，“生产布局”相应地发展到空间理论和信息理论，重在分析机制因素，时空的变化也更加深刻了，本学科比较综合，具有广阔的区域空间，复杂的内涵 ，其学科的创新在于在时空耦合度上使经济和社会同人口，资源，生态环境之间保持和谐，高效优化有序的发展，逐步建立具有我国特色的资源节约型的社会经济消费体系。着重分析了经济地理学新的思维范畴与研究趋势，强调用科学方法来检验以前的结论，用统计方法（层面分析）来解释数量关系，用GIS的分析法来印证空间布局的合理性。     

适度开发矿产资源加快区域经济转型

湘西州作为民族贫困地区，由于受交通、信息和区位等因素的制约，区域经济增长缓慢。要缩小与发达地区的差距，必须充分依托本地资源优势，以适度开发矿产资源为着力点，大力发展矿业经济，引擎区域经济快速转型。     

谈工业园经济与工业园区的规划设计

近年来,在我国经济快速发展的城市和地区,出现了一个新的经济现象:工业园经济。中国最大的经济城市上海,为了避免在城郊出现“过于分散”的工业布点,将打破现有行政界限,在一定区域范围内合理布局工业园区,实现工业的集聚化、园区化(见经济日报8月19日)。 浙江省2001年10月已正式行文,将在全省范围内建设100个特色工业园区,其中宁波市将建包括电子机械、化工、造船、重工在内的10个工     

福建省区位优势度与区域经济相关性分析

摘要: 为了科学评价区位优势度与区域经济发展的相互作用,通过构建交通干线、交通枢纽、中心城市、交通网络等多维评价体系,综合评价了福建省区位优势度特征。结合福建省人均GDP水平、人均财政收入等经济指标,进一步分析福建省区位优势度与区域经济的相关性。结果表明:福建省区位优势度地区差异明显,总体上东部沿海地区的区位优势度较高,西部地区的区位优势度偏低; 内陆地区设区市辖区的区位优势度较高,以设区市辖区为中心向外扩展地区的区位优势度逐渐降低; 福建省区域经济发展差异较大,总体上经济发展呈“南高北低、东高西低”的趋势; 福建省区位优势度与经济发展水平呈正相关。     

福建沿海外向型经济发展与腹地关系、闽台经济互补前景研究

“福建沿海外向型经济发展与腹地关系”及“闽台经济互补前景研究”为福建省计委委托项目,由中国科学院、国家计划委员会自然资源综合考察委员会承担。成果汇编成《闽台外向区位型经济前景》一书,1990年由北京出版社出版。获1991年度中国科学院科技进步奖三等奖。 该项资源和区域经济应用研究成果,重点从区际资源互补与经济关联角度,深入分析和预示了福建及其沿海地区发展外向型经济的内外关系格局,具有很强的针对性、现实性和预见性的特殊类型的区域科研成果。     

国外地理学研究动态——《国际社会科学杂志》地理学专辑介绍

联合国教科文组织主办的《国际社会科学杂志》第150期（1996年12月）、第151期（1997年3月）出了两期地理学专辑,专辑反映了地理学的最新研究动态,对地理学的各主要分支学科的特点、现状和研究热点进行了评述。全球环境变化、环境灾害、社会—自然相互作用,社会经济活动的全球化、城市化和跨国公司等新的空间组织形式和新的区位选择过程、地理信息技术,这些都是目前地理学研究的主要课题,而且地理学的各个分支之间和地理学与其它学科之间的综合趋势正日益加强。     

关于沿海城市地质工作策略的思考

当前,我国正经历着世界上规模最大的城市化进程。快速发展的城市化进程对提高资源环境承载力和加强基础地质工作提出了更高的要求。经济全球化导致人口向大都市地区,特别是沿海大都市地区的不断集聚。依托大城市群地区培育区域核心竞争力成为各国政府经济增长政策的关键。开展沿海城市地质地质调查研究也是我国城市地质领域工作的主战场。     

Network configurations and R&D activities of the ICT industry in Suzhou municipality, China

This paper analyzes the network structure and R&D activities of the information and communication technology (ICT) industry in Suzhou municipality, known previously for its local state-directed Sunan model of development. Suzhou, however, has been undergoing dramatic restructuring to remake itself into a globalizing production center. We highlight the significance of the Chinese state and local/regional assets in shaping the trajectories of globalization and regional development, and the increasing importance of domestic markets and regional clusters/agglomeration for foreign ventures. We have found that Suzhou’s development path, heavily dependent on external forces, has made Suzhou a TNC (transnational corporation) satellite district. We also find that the ICT industry in Suzhou has a dual-structure, segmented between foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) and domestic firms. TNCs tend to network among themselves and their interfirm networks are increasingly domestic and regionally embedded in the Yangtze River Delta, while the linkages between TNCs and local firms are weak. We argue that there is a series of technological, structural, spatial, and institutional “mismatches” that limits the establishment of “global pipelines” of knowledge exchange. We hold that the nature of global-local networks is contingent upon regional endogenous capacities and the specific ways in which global capital interacts with local institutions. Therefore, perspectives on TNCs’ local embeddedness must be positioned in their regional/external networks. We also analyze the constraints placed on Suzhou’s development into an innovative city and promote the integration of global and local/regional assets through development of indigenous capacities.     

Transnational companies as a source of skill upgrading: The electronics industry in Ho Chi Minh City

Employment and training in TNCs constitute a potential route through which FDI-led industrialization can contribute to national and regional development and economic growth. The article explores this link through the case of TNCs in the electronics industry in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The skill upgrading contribution of TNCs is related to the type of factories located in Vietnam and the role they play in regional production networks using a model combining the reverse product cycle and regional waves of FDI. Most electronics factories in Vietnam are ‘reproduction factories’ with mature technology and a narrow role in basic component manufacturing; it is shown that their contribution to skill upgrading is correspondingly narrow. Training for the majority of employees is very simple, and those who receive additional training do this especially in labour management, not in technical fields. Only a small group of engineers receive advanced technical training, in Vietnam and in the parent company abroad. The best prospects for increased skill upgrading are found in those companies that are more than reproduction factories for assembly; however, such companies are still few. The TNCs also represent a potential contribution to skill upgrading in local firms through supplier linkages and movement of staff, but when they operate in isolation from a local economy with little absorptive capacity, as in this case, this potential is not realized.     

Convergence or differentiation? American and Japanese transnational corporations in the Asia Pacific

As the global economic environment becomes increasingly driven by the activities of transnational corporations (TNCs) from different national origins, the question of convergence as opposed to differentiation in patterns of internationalization among TNCs has begun to intrigue a number of researchers. In this paper, we examine the extent to which the strategic functions of Japanese and American TNCs in the Asia Pacific have converged over time. We draw from a recent survey of TNCs conducted in Hong Kong and Singapore. Detailed analysis of TNC functions in both the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors suggests that convergence between Japanese and American TNCs has occurred most in the area of control-coordination functions among manufacturing firms, arising from a premium placed on intra-TNC organizational stability and isomorphism. On the other hand, substantial differentiation has occurred in functions that are associated with upstream and downstream processes, with Japanese TNCs emphasizing integration in marketing and manufacturing processes as well as forward integration. In contrast, American TNCs tend to focus on business and product development functions that enable them to exploit product and service differentiation.     

A thousand years of loneliness? Globalization from the perspective of a city in a European periphery

Most cities face the challenge of increasing global and local change. Much of what has been said about cities in a globalized world has been concerned with large metropolitan cites. It has been postulated that increased competitiveness is the relevant response, and that urban governance has to change from managerialism to entrepeneurialism in order to cope with this challenge. The first part of the paper discusses some aspects of this body of theory, and the relevance for sub-national regional capitals. It also discusses how the scope of strategies depend on changing national and regional policies. The second part uses the case of Trondheim to discuss how these cities perceive and deal with globalization. Four policy options are discussed; the clientist strategy, the competitive strategy, the isolationist strategy and finally the option of doing nothing at all. The article concludes that global challenges will force local government in small cities to forge new strategies, but the preferred option is a clientist strategy rather than an entrepreneurial one, and the scope of strategy is national rather than global. Thus, when dealing with small peripheral cities and globalization, the range of perspectives must be extended beyond entrepreneurialism and competitiveness.     

Family strategies in a neoliberal world: Korean immigrants in Winnipeg

South Korean immigration to Canada has increased since the East Asian economic crisis of the late 1990s. Korean immigrants in Winnipeg chose the city for many reasons: the introduction of the Provincial Nominee Program, structural changes in the home country, and individual family strategies to provide better educational opportunities for their children. This article examines how changes in the current wave of globalization, at both global and local scale, have affected the migration of Koreans to Winnipeg, Canada and how individual households chose their immigration destination. This study contributes to understanding of the less popular immigrant destinations of Canada using a multiscalar analysis that includes household level. In addition to economic purposes and children’s education, changes of life style can be an important reason for immigrant location choice. Overall, the neoliberal economy in South Korea has pushed many Koreans to move to other countries, and the globalization of the Canadian economy has pulled nomadic middle-class members from other countries.     

我国城市化发展的新特点及其区域空间建设策略

经济全球化成为21世纪最具有广泛影响的事件,将促进全球城市化的高速发展。我国正处在城市化高度发展时期,城市化出现“集群式”发展、城乡二元结构扩大、“驱赶型城镇化”和城市化的区域空间差异性等新特点、新问题。我国快速城市化过程中出现的新矛盾、水土资源流失与大量占用,对沿海地区一些城市的区域环境产生了很多负面影响,诸如酸雨、城市污染、汽车烟雾和交通阻塞等。面对全球城市化的巨大影响与冲击,从区域空间角度出发,提出必须在科学发展观和构建和谐社会的指导下,使我国城市化走向健康之路,实施区域空间建设新策略,注重大城市群区内的保护与建设,因地制宜、合理利用、适度发展、构建区域性的生态安全格局,促进我国信息化的区域合作。     

Understanding regional development mechanisms in Greater Beijing Area,China, 1995–2001, from a spatial–temporal perspective

Due to its rapid economic gains in recent decades, studies of China’s regional development have recently attracted scholarly attentions. Multi-scalar and multi-mechanism are proposed as crucial approaches in China’s regional studies. More advanced methodological development in GIS and spatial analysis also lends power to in-depth understanding of China’s regional development. This study examines the development mechanisms from a spatial–temporal perspective in Greater Beijing Area (GBA), China. In particular, with panel data of GBA from 1995 to 2001 at county level, the study intends to apply a spatial panel regression analysis to study the well identified regional development mechanisms, namely, institutional factors, globalization and urbanization. Based on the panel data analysis, a tentative geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) is also proposed to explore the potentially varying relationships between economic development and its mechanisms from a space–time standpoint. Results from the analyses are quite interesting. First, when urbanization seems to hinder regional development in GBA with cross-sectional analysis, the spatial panel analysis indicates that urbanization contributes to GBA’s development in the 7 years span. Second, per capita foreign investment, which was usually deemed one of the major factors of globalization and a financial engine for regional development in the reform China, turns out to be a negligible mechanism in GBA’s development. Third, among all the development mechanisms, the government’s financial capability seems to dominate the regional development in GBA. GTWR analysis further revealed potential non-stationary relationships among the modeled variables, indicating that the functions of regional development mechanisms are inherently heterogeneous both spatially and temporally in GBA.     

Local labour market analysis: It's importance and a possible approach

This paper, written from a British perspective, presents a case for more local, as opposed to regional, economic research and argues for the central importance of the local labour market. Such research should direct its attention to the employment decision making of employers and employees. Alternative definitions of the local labour market are discussed, favouring that of M.W. Smart as the most appropriate. The importance of corporate spatial structure, and the labour force adjustment methods available to individual firms faced with declining product demand are discussed. Finally, a possible approach to local labour market analysis is outlined, based on the use of company personnel records.     

Changing local finances in the Czech Republic — half way over?

Far-reaching changes launched in 1989, aimed mainly at establishing a democratic society and market economy have clearly brought many positive results. However, there is also a negative side to these progressive changes both in economic and social spheres. There are many difficult tasks ahead such as the reestablishment of a democratic and economically effective local government which will be able to fulfil contemporary needs and requirements. The aim of this report is not to describe all the changes occurring in local government or to review different opinions about what should be done, but rather to concentrate on one of the most important issues facing this body of government, that of financial reform. Special attention will be given to the economic performance of municipalities with regard to their population size. It will be argued that data from local budgets can reveal important features about the performance of local and regional economies which cannot be obtained in any other way.