DMPO与O_2￣(·-)的自旋加合物的ESR谱分析

寿命较短的Ｏ·－２不能用ＥＳＲ直接检测到,可以ＤＭＰＯ先将其捕获形成自旋加合物后进行ＥＳＲ分析。这种自旋加合物的ＥＳＲ谱线较为复杂,且有变化。本文对ＤＭＰＯ—ＯＯＨ谱线的变化进行了分析。且对谱线变化中出现的ＤＭＰＯ—ＯＨ谱线的来源进行了深入探讨,对与文献报道相左的现象,据实验结果本文提出了新的观点。     

利用半透膜渗透装置富集-超声萃取分析表层沉积物间隙水PCBs的方法

本文建立了半透膜渗透装置(semi-permeable membrane device,SPMD)富集-超声萃取-凝胶渗透色谱净化-气相色谱法测定沉积物间隙水中多氯联苯(PCBs)的方法。比较了有机溶剂透析法与超声萃取法从膜袋内提取PCBs的回收率,发现超声萃取法在节省时间和溶剂方面有明显优势。应用凝胶渗透色谱分离与净化SPMD提取物,收集11—17min的流出液能达到最佳分离效果。基于此方法测定了大连湾沉积物间隙水中自由溶解态PCBs的含量(C_(W-SPMD)),同时又分析了沉积物中PCBs的总量(C_(SED))、间隙水中PCBs的含量(有机碳含量校正法,C_(W-SED))和间隙水中PCBs的总含量(离心法,C_(PW))。结果表明,C_(PW)值显著高于C_(W-SED)和C_(W-SPMD)值。因此,考虑到生物可利用性,无论采用沉积物中或者间隙水中的PCBs总量进行污染物生态风险评价均会造成风险被高估,建议采用间隙水中可溶解态含量。     

几种环境因子对龙须菜α-半乳糖苷酶活性的影响

红藻中的α-半乳糖苷酶是一种重要的红藻糖苷水解酶。以龙须菜的三个品系为材料 ,研究了几种环境因子如光暗周期、盐度、温度及氮浓度改变对该酶活性的影响。发现 α-半乳糖苷酶活性有明显的日变化规律 :光周期内开始光照 6 h酶活达到峰值 ,在随后的暗周期酶活性维持在较低水平且变化缓慢。 33盐度下培养的藻移到高盐培养 3d后测得酶活性降低 ,而移到低盐培养的则酶活性升高。温度对该酶活性也有显著影响 ,在 15℃或 30℃培养的藻酶活性均高于通常生长温度的活性。该酶的活性与培养基中氮浓度也有密切的关系。     

O_2~(·-)损伤过氧化氢酶过程中辅基Fe(Ⅲ)的ESR波谱

在体外Ｏ·－２损伤ＣＡＴ的过程中,对ＣＡＴ辅基Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的ＥＳＲ波谱进行了分析研究。发现：辅基Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的ＥＳＲ谱线特征有显著改变,如：ｇ因子、ΔＨｐｐ及线型等均有显著变化。说明：辅基Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的微观环境发生了变化,提示：这些变化可能是Ｏ·－２造成ＣＡＴ活性改变的主要分子机制。     

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)群体遗传结构的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对半滑舌鳎野生和养殖4个群体的遗传结构进行了比较研究.结果表明,半滑舌鳎养殖群体遗传变异水平低于野生群体,两个野生群体的多态位点百分数、观察杂合度、期望杂合度、平均有效等位基因数的平均值(分别为21.275%、0.1177、0.0854和1.1499)分别高于两个养殖群体的平均值(分别为18....     

太平洋东部W2001-2柱样低成熟烃组成特征、成岩变化及其与某些元素的作用

研究样品采自太平洋东部W2001-2站位(154°07'42"W,10°30'34"N,水深5102m),以无扰动多管采样方式采样.本文通过研究氯仿沥青"A"、有机质和有机分子与微量元素的关系,探讨了有机质在柱样形成中的作用.结果表明,大致以21-33cm和33-48cm为界线,呈现出系统的变化规律:正构烷烃呈单峰群分布,主碳峰为C25,碳优势指数(carbon preference index,CPI)为0.90-1.26,略显奇偶优势,反映出正构烷烃的母质除了少部分来自海洋菌藻类,主要来自洋底较深处软泥.低的姥鲛烷/植烷(Pe/Ph＜0.81),反映了柱样的强还原环境性质.饱和烃/芳烃比值低,存在大量不饱和烃(非烃+沥青质为49.63%-59.66%),富含有利于早期成烃的特殊组分,并长期处于低演化阶段,以上特征均显示出样品的低成熟特点.研究还表明元素Ti和V与有机碳、氯仿沥青"A"呈正相关性;元素P、Mg和Mn与有机碳、氯仿沥青"A"呈明显负相关性,与非烃也有一定的相关性,这些提供了低成熟度条件下有机质的组成特点及其与化学元素作用的证据.     

Au_n(n=2-7)在金红石型TiO_2(110)面吸附的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论,在分子水平上研究了负载金团簇对金红石型二氧化钛光催化性能的影响及机理。优化得到了6种金团簇(n=2-7)稳定结构,并分别吸附于金红石型二氧化钛(110)面形成稳定吸附体系。研究表明,Au_n团簇与TiO_2(110)面上的氧原子形成共价键,属于化学吸附,Au-O键长是影响体系稳定性的主要因素,奇数Au_n团簇吸附稳定性优于偶数的,出现奇偶振荡现象; Au_n团簇使TiO_2能带发生裂分,在禁带中增加多个能级,随着Au_n团簇的增大,TiO_2禁带宽度明显变窄,吸收光进入可见光区,增强了二氧化钛的光催化性能。     

厚藤共生真菌(Fusarium oxysporum Y24-2)胞外多糖的化学组成和结构研究

从厚藤共生真菌(Fusarium oxysporum Y24-2)发酵液中提取得到胞外多糖,以Q-Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换柱和Superdex S-75凝胶色谱柱对其进行分离纯化,得到纯度高的多糖组分F1S。采用HPGPC和HPLC对F1S的分子量及单糖组成进行分析,结果表明F1S主要由Man、Glc和Gal组成,其摩尔比为1.0∶1.9∶2.1,分子量为37.3kD。F1S的GC-MS和1D,2D-NMR分析表明,该多糖是以→6)-β-Galf(1→为主链,以→2)-α-Glcp(1→,α-Glcp(1→和β-Manp(1→为支链的杂多糖,支链取代于→6)-β-Galf(1→的O-2位。该厚藤共生真菌的胞外多糖为富含呋喃型半乳糖的结构新颖的具有多分支结构的中性杂聚多糖。     

PCR-DGGE解析阴离子交换膜生物反应器反硝化过程中微生物群落结构变化

通过扫描电镜和聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)方法考察了进水NO3-浓度变化对阴离子交换膜生物反应器微生物种群结构的影响。研究结果表明,在进水NO3-浓度从47.01 mg/L逐渐增加到168.55 mg/L的过程中,出水中NO3--N浓度满足我国饮用水水质标准中小于10 mg/L的要求。电镜扫描图显示微生物的形态结构发生了很大变化。对不同阶段的样品进行PCR-DGGE图谱和相似系数分析,发现随着反应的持续进行,微生物种群结构发生了演替变化,证实污泥微生物生态能够迅速进行优胜劣汰的筛选,调整内部微生物种群结构,从而达到适应环境的目的。     

致病性鳗弧菌W-1外膜蛋白ompU基因克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

从致病性鳗弧菌W-1基因组DNA扩增并克隆了1 156bp的特异性片段,含有完整的外膜蛋白ompU基因阅读框,由993个核苷酸组成,编码330个氨基酸残基的蛋白质。与国外已发表的鳗弧菌外膜蛋白基因的序列同源性为100%,与创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)、霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)、费氏弧菌(Vibrio fischeri)和副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)的序列同源性分别为72%,69%,68%和64%。将该外膜蛋白基因克隆于pBV220表达质粒,在大肠杆菌中得到了表达,SDS-PAGE分析表明表达蛋白分子量约38kDa,Western blot分析发现表达蛋白能与鳗弧菌外膜蛋白抗体很好的反应。     

用Delphi和MATLAB集成开发粤东柘林湾海洋生态环境多元统计分析系统

利用ActiveX Automation服务器与DDE技术把Delphi、MATLAB和多元统计分析模型集成起来,开发出功能强大的粤东柘林湾海洋生态多元统计分析系统。     

Long-term changes in the fish community structure from the Tsushima warm current region of the Japan/East Sea with an emphasis on the impacts of fishing and climate regime shift over the last four decades

Japanese fisheries production in the Japan/East Sea between 1958 and 2003 increased to their peak (1.76 million tons) in the late 1980s and decreased abruptly with the collapse of Japanese sardine. Catch results for 58 fisheries and various environmental time-series data sets and community indices, including mean trophic level (MTL) and Simpson’s diversity index (DI), were used to investigate the impacts of fishing and climate changes on the structure of the fish community in the Tsushima warm current (TWC) region of the Japan/East Sea. The long-term trend in fisheries production was largely dependent on the Japanese sardine that, as a single species, contributed up to 60% of the total production in the Japanese waters of the Japan/East Sea during the late 1980s. Excluding Japanese sardine, production of the small pelagic species was higher during 1960s and 1990s but lower during 1970s and 1980s. This variation pattern generally corresponds with the trend in water temperature, warmer before early 1960s and after 1990s but colder during 1970s and 1980s. The warm-water, large predatory fishes and cold water demersal species show opposite responses to the water temperature in the TWC region, indicating the significant impact of oceanic conditions on fisheries production of the Japan/East Sea. Declines in demersal fishes and invertebrates during 1970s and 1980s suggested some impact of fishing. MTL and DI show a similar variation pattern: higher during 1960s and 1990s but lower during 1970s and 1980s. In particular, the sharp decline during the 1980s resulted from the abundant sardine catches, suggesting that dominant species have a large effect on the structure of the fish community in the Japan/East Sea. Principal component analysis for 58 time-series data sets of fisheries catches suggested that the fish community varied on inter-annual to inter-decadal scales; the abrupt changes that occurred in the mid-1970s and late 1980s seemed to correspond closely with the climatic regime shifts in the North Pacific. These results strongly suggest that the structure of the fish community in the Japan/East Sea was largely affected by climatic and oceanic regime shifts rather than by fishing. There is no evidence showing “fishing down food webs” in the Japan/East Sea. However, in addition to the impacts of abrupt shifts that occurred in the late 1980s, the large predatory and demersal fishes seem to be facing stronger fishing pressure with the collapse of the Japanese sardine.