新疆西天山高压变质带的变质矿物与变质作用演化

新疆西天山高压变质带主要由石榴石，角闪石，绿辉石，多硅白云母，钠云母，绿帘石，绿泥石，钠长石，石英，榍石和金红石等组成，石榴石主要含铁铝榴石组份，角闪石有蓝闪石，亚铁蓝闪石，青铝闪石，冻蓝闪石等类型，变质矿物组合显示高压变质带经历了由硬柱石蓝片岩相，榴辉岩相，绿帘蓝片岩相至绿片岩相的变质作用演化进程。     

豫南熊店高压变质岩的pttD轨迹

豫南熊店高压变质岩块体经历了６期变形和变质作用,即从深地壳层次挤压缩短体制下的不均匀韧性剪切、榴辉岩进变质作用,到中地壳层次挤压体制下的逆冲推覆、钠长绿帘角闪岩相退变质作用,到地壳浅层伸展体制下的脆性—韧性滑脱、绿片岩相变质作用,以及更浅层次的脆性变形,动力变质作用。高压变质岩的形成与向地壳中、浅层次的大幅度抬升均是在挤压机制下韧性变形作用的结果,而高压变质岩暴露到地表是伸展滑脱、断块升降和差异抬升所致。     

西阿尔卑斯Zermatt-Saas洋壳深俯冲超高压变质带与我国新疆西南天山超高压变质带的比较

根据对西阿尔卑斯Zernatt-Saas带的野外地质考察及有关资料的总结,详细地介绍了西阿尔卑斯Zermatt-Saas洋壳深俯冲超高压变质带的地质概括、岩石组成和变质作用演化过程,并着重与我国新疆西南天山洋壳深俯冲超高压变质带进行了比较,探讨了这两个洋壳深俯冲超高压变质带在变质作用和地质演化方面的异同。在此基础上,总结了这两个目前世界上已知最典型的洋壳深俯冲超高压变质带的基本地质特征是都具有保存完好的洋壳岩石组合特征和较低的地热梯度。     

俯冲板片中微量元素的活动性:西天山榴辉岩相运输脉的制约

西天山的基性高压变质岩显示互相连接的榴辉岩相脉体网络来源于蓝片岩的进变质脱水作用,通过这些网脉可以洞察在俯冲带高压条件下远程流体流动中的流体-岩石相互作用和元素负载。岩相学证据表明外来流体的渗透作用产生运输脉,而流体持续的沟道式流动导致主岩蓝片岩的淋滤。脉和蓝片岩蚀变带中锂(Li)的含量几乎是蓝片岩主岩中锂的两倍,它支持流体是外部来源的设想。这些流体触发了蓝片岩主岩的榴辉岩化作用而形成蓝片岩蚀变带。由于成脉流体中的微量元素含量低,所以导致与流体发生化学反应的主岩中所有微量元素的强烈淋滤。在此过程中有53%~81%的微量元素被活化,与大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素的损失相符合,它们的损失量几乎是重稀土元素和高场强元素损失量的两倍。     

Association of Late Paleozoic Adakitic Rocks and Shoshonitic Volcanic Rocks in the Western Tianshan, China

The late Paleozoic adakitic rocks are closely associated with the shoshonitic volcanic rocks in the western Tianshan Mountains, China, both spatially and temporally. The magmatic rocks were formed during the period from the middle to the late Permian with isotopic ages of 248-268 Ma. The 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios of the rocks are low in a narrow variation range (-0.7050). The 143Nd/144Nd initial ratios are high (-0.51240) with positive εND(t) values (+1.28-+4.92). In the εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr)i diagram they fall in the first quadrant. The association of the shoshonitic and adakitic rocks can be interpreted by a two-stage model: the shoshonitic volcanic rocks were formed through long-term fractional crystallization of underplated basaltic magma, while the following partial melting of the residual phases formed the adakitic rocks.     

西天山加满特一带早二叠世乌郎组双峰式火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素组成

西天山加满特一带基性与酸性火山岩在时空上紧密伴生，其SiO2含量分别为41.89%~52.75%和74.79%~78.51%，具 有明显的Daly间断，属于典型的双峰式火山岩组合，其中的基性单元属于碱性系列，酸性单元属于钙碱性系列。对流纹岩 进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测年和Hf同位素分析，获得其形成年龄为（294.2±0.8） Ma，属于早二叠世，其εHf(t)为较高的 正值（8.0~17.1），二阶段Hf模式年龄TDM2(Hf)平均值为468 Ma。通过对加满特一带双峰式火山岩的地球化学特征和成因类 型进行探讨，表明其不属于同源岩浆演化成因，其中玄武岩是富集石榴石地幔源区发生了尖晶石相橄榄岩向石榴石相橄榄 岩过渡相部分熔融的产物，流纹岩是亏损地幔源底侵新生地壳部分熔融的产物，二者形成于板内伸展环境。结合区域构造 演化，认为西天山在早二叠世已经进入伸展构造背景。     

西天山的增生造山过程

西天山位于中亚造山带的西南缘,经历了复杂的增生造山过程。它也是标志塔里木地块北部被动陆缘与西伯利亚地块南侧宽阔活动陆缘最后拼合的构造带。根据近年来的研究进展,将西天山划分为北天山弧增生体、伊犁地块北缘活动陆缘、伊犁地块、伊犁地块南缘活动陆缘、中天山复合弧地体、西天山（高压）增生楔和塔里木北部被动大陆边缘。同时综述了西天山蛇绿岩、高压变质岩、花岗岩类的年代学新资料,讨论了其增生造山的过程。西天山增生造山与早古生代帖尔斯克依古洋、早古生代晚期—晚古生代南天山洋和晚古生代北天山洋3个代表洋盆的演化相关,增生造山结束的时间可能是早石炭世末。二叠纪时期,西天山至整个中亚地区进入后碰撞演化阶段。现有资料证实西天山为晚古生代增生造山带,并非三叠纪碰撞造山带。     

桐柏-大别造山带高压变质单元岩石Pb同位素组成

铅同位素组成对于研究构造分区与演化、块体相互作用以及识别地壳中不同块体的上、下层次关系等具有重要意义.桐柏-大别造山带高压变质单元岩石的全岩Pb同位素组成研究表明, 在该造山带不同区段, 高压变质岩系二云钠长片麻岩与榴辉岩具有相似的Pb同位素组成, 表现为上部地壳高放射成因的Pb同位素组成特征, 其中Pb同位素组成为: 206Pb/204Pb=17.599~18.310, 207Pb/204Pb=15.318~15.615, 208Pb/204Pb=37.968~39.143.大别和桐柏地区高压变质岩系Pb同位素组成的一致性进一步证明了大别地区与桐柏地区的高压变质岩系是可以相连的, 它们应属于同一构造单元.高压变质岩系Pb同位素比值总体高于超高压变质岩系, 验证了桐柏-大别造山带扬子俯冲陆壳从下部岩系到上部岩系Pb同位素比值呈规律增长这一Pb同位素化学特征.侵入于高压变质岩系中的面理化(含榴)花岗岩, 其Pb同位素组成与高压变质岩系相比相对较低, 而与超高压变质岩系及其中的面理化(含榴)花岗岩相似, 为: 206Pb/204Pb=17.128~17.434, 207Pb/204Pb=15.313~15.422, 208Pb/204Pb=37.631~38.122.这表明高压变质岩系和超高压变质岩系中的面理化(含榴)花岗岩具有相同的岩浆来源.结合面理化(含榴)花岗岩具有A型花岗岩的地球化学特征分析, 它们的岩浆物质可能来自超高压变质岩折返至中下地壳的减压退变和部分熔融.      

西天山查岗诺尔铁矿区石炭纪火山岩地球化学特征及岩石成因

对伊犁地块东北缘查岗诺尔铁矿区石炭纪火山岩进行了系统的岩石学,锆石U-Pb年代学,岩石地球化学,Nd、Sr同位素地球化学研究.该区火山岩包括玄武岩(少量)、粗面岩、安山岩、流纹岩以及火山碎屑岩,它们的化学组成绝大多数属于钾玄岩系列和高钾钙碱性系列,少数玄武岩和安山岩属于钙碱性和低钾拉斑玄武岩系列.微量元素方面,它们相对...     

Petrology of rodingite derived from eclogite in western Tianshan, China

This study reports a new rodingite type which was derived from eclogite enclosed in the ultramafic rocks of Changawuzi ophiolites, western Tianshan, China. Based on petrographical investigations, rodingite, partial rodingitized rock and completely rodingitized rock are characterized in this paper. These rocks show a continuous variation in their bulk compositions, mineralogy and their textural properties from eclogite to rodingite. The completely rodingitized rocks can be further divided into prehnite rodingites, hydrogrossular‐diopside rodingite and vesuvianite rodingites on the basis of the mineral assemblage and textural character. The chemical potential path of μ(SiO₂)–μ(CaO/MgO) can be used to constrain the evolution of two stages of rodingitization. The first rodingitization possibly started under conditions of 410–430 °C and 7–9 kbar at upper greenschist facies, and resulted from a secondary serpentinization during exhumation of the subducted slab. A second and pervasive rodingitization took place under conditions of 250–350 °C and 2–10 kbar from greenschist to subgreenschist facies. The P–T path presented shows a retrograde evolution from eclogite to rodingite. We conclude that the process of rodingitization may also take place under subduction zone conditions in addition to its more common occurrence under ocean‐floor metamorphic conditions.     

苏鲁造山带浅变质岩的成因及其大地构造意义

苏鲁造山带超高压变质带内部及其北缘,出露仅经过绿片岩相变质作用的浅变质岩系。通过对该浅变质岩的区域分布、地质特征及地球化学的综合研究,表明这些浅变质岩系与大别-苏鲁造山带大陆板块俯冲存在密切的成因关系,为扬子板块俯冲过程中被刮削下来的构造残片,构成大陆板块俯冲过程中形成的构造加积杂岩。在此基础上,厘定了苏鲁造山带的构造成因模型,并对苏鲁造山带的东延问题进行了讨论。     

Geochemical Characteristics of Pb Isotope of High-Pressure Metamorphic Rocks and Foliated Granites from HP Unit of Tongbai-Dabie Orogenic Belt

Whole-rock Pb isotopic compositions of the high-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks, consisting of two-mica albite gneisses and eclogites, and foliated granites from the HP metamorphic unit of the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt are firstly reported in this paper. The results show that the tip metamorphic rocks in different parts of this orogenic belt have similar Pb isotopic compositions. The twomica albite gneisses have ^206 pb/^204 Pb=17. 657 -18. 168, ^207pb/^204 Pb=15. 318-15. 573,^ 208Pb/^204ob=38.315-38. 990, and the eclogites have ^206Pb/^204 Pb=17. 599 -18. 310, ^207Pb/^204 Pb=15. 465 -15. 615,^208Pb/^204Pb=37. 968-39. 143. The HP metamorphic rocks are characterized by upper crustal Pb isotopic composition. Although the Pb isotopic composition of the HP metamorphic rocks partly overlaps that of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks, as a whole, the former is higher than the latter. The high radiogenic Pb isotopic composition for the HP metamorphic rocks confirms that the subducted Yangtze continental crust in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt has the chemical structure of increasing radiogenic Pb isotopic composition from lower crust to upper crust. The foliated granites, intruded in the HP metamorphic rocks post the HP/UHP metamorphism, have ^206Pb/^204 Pb=17. 128- 17. 434,^207Pb/^204pb=15. 313-15. 422 and ^208Pb/^204Pb=37. 631-38. 122, which are obviously different from the Pb isotopic compositions of the HP metamorphic rocks but similar to those of the UHP metamorphic rocks and the foliated garnet-bearing granites in the UHP unit. This shows that the foliated granites from the HP and UHP units have common magma source. Combined with the foliated granites having the geochemical characteristics of A-type granites, it is suggested that the magma for the foliated granites in the UHP and HP unit would be derived from the partial melting of the retrometamorphosed UHP metamorphic rocks exhumed into middle to lower crust, and partial magmas were intruded into the HP unit.     

Partial Melting Processes During Exhumation of Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Rocks in Dabieshan, China

INTRODUCTIONUptonowthereisinagreementonthetectonic-dynamicbackgroundoftheformationofUHPmetamorphicrocks,i.e.,theUHPMrocksareproductsofobliquecollisionbe-tweentheYangtzeandSinokoreancratonsinIndosinianstage(Jahn,1998lWangandCong,l998,1996;Lietal.,l997,l996iHackeretal.,l996ILiouet.al.,l9961Okay;Sen-gor,l993,CongandWang,l994;Sengor,1993).Buthowthesemetamorphicrocksareformedatmantledepthexhumedbacktothesurfacesorapidlyisstillastandingproblem-TheexhumationofUHPMrocksisacomplextectoni…     

High-Pressure Eclogite-Blueschist Metamorphic Belt and Closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean in Central Qiangtang, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The high-pressure metamorphic belt (HPMB) of eciogite-blueschist in Central Qiangtang (羌塘) lies in the Longmu Co (龙木错)-Shuanghu (双湖) suture zone. To the west, the HPMB extends 500 km from Hongjishan (红脊山) to Caiduochaka (才多茶卡), east of Shuanghu; to the east it extends to Baqing (巴青) and Jitang (吉塘) in Qamdo (昌都), and then bends southward to Yunnan (云南)Province. Including the Lancangjiang (澜沧江) blueschist belt, the entire HPMB is about 2 000 km long. In Central Qiangtang, the belt is mainly composed of blueschist and eclogite, whereas in West Yunnan it contains only blueschist. The Baqing-Jitang segment is dominated by garnet phengite schist. 40Ar-39Ar dating of giaucophane and phengite from the blueschists yielded plateau ages ranging from 223 to 215 Ma, whereas SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircon from the eclogites gives metamorphic ages of 243-217 Ma. The calculated metamorphic conditions for the blueschists are 410-460℃ and 0.67-0.75 GPa, and for the eclogites, <500 ℃ and 1.56-2.35 GPa. The metamorphic ages suggest that the Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture closed in the Late Triassic. The region south of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu-Laneang suture consists of the pan-African basement overlain by Gondwana sedimentary and meta-sedimentary rocks, whereas the region north of the suture is dominated by the Jinning (晋宁) basement and Yangtze sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. The Qiangtang HPMB marks the closure of the paleo-Tethys Ocean.     

Permo-Carboniferous Radiolarians from the Wupata''''erkan Group,Western South Tianshan, Xinjiang, China

1 IntroductionThe Wupata'erkan Group, also called Wupata'erkanFormation (Wang et al., 1990), in the western SouthTianshan, China (Fig. 1), mainly comprises gray and darkgray fine-grained clastic rocks, interlayered with medium-acidic volcanic rocks (andesite and quartz porphyry),carbonates, cherts and variegated tuffaceousconglomerates. The chert in the formation was firstly foundin our field trip along sections of the Qiqi'erjianakesu Riverand Kekebiele Daban. Deformation of the group is…     

新疆包尔图铜矿赋矿变质岩特征及其地质意义

包尔图铜矿位于和硕县乌什塔拉北山区包尔图至库米什断裂带附近,铜矿体主要赋存于艾木太乌拉短轴背斜轴部附近的中元古界长城系星星峡群(Chxn)变质岩中,受断裂构造控制明显。本亚组地层自背斜轴部向两翼由角闪岩相逐步过渡到绿片岩相。矿区内的变质岩既具有中酸性火山岩类岩石化学的特点又具有沉积成因岩石化学的特点,为沉积岩与火成岩过渡类型。矿区内变质岩的地层学、岩相学及地球化学特征,表明其原岩应为一套海相中酸性、基性火山碎屑岩建造。研究区变质作用以区域变质作用为主,后期又叠加有动力变质作用,变质作用对该矿床的形成起到了重要的作用。     

大别山超高压变质岩的显微构造与有效黏度

超高压变质岩提供了研究大陆俯冲隧道中岩石的变形机制和流变差异性的窗口。文章使用电子背散射衍射技术分析了大别山超高压变质带的榴辉岩和长英质片麻岩的显微构造。榴辉岩中的石榴子石基本呈无序分布,绿辉石发育较强烈的晶格优选定向,[001]轴的极密平行或近平行于拉伸线理,(100)面的法线近垂直于面理,退变榴辉岩中角闪石的(100)[001]组构可能继承了绿辉石的晶格优选定向。退变榴辉岩和长英质片麻岩中的石英记录了(0001)低温底面滑移和{1010}中温 柱面滑移,反映了超高压变质岩折返到中地壳的韧性变形;而斜长石的(001)<110>和(010)[100]组构形成于折返到下地壳的角闪岩相变质条件（>600℃）。根据主要矿物的流变律计算了俯冲与折返过程中无水矿物的有效黏度变化。俯冲过程中,钠长石=硬玉+石英的分解反应以及石英-柯石英相变导致长英质片麻岩的有效黏度和密度都显著增高,有利于陆壳深俯冲。但是折返过程中由于温度较高,这两个反应带来的有效黏度变化较小。>80 km深度,石榴子石的流变强度>硬玉>绿辉 石>柯石英,俯冲上地壳的流变由柯石英和硬玉控制,下地壳的流变由绿辉石和石榴子石控制。超高压变质岩流变强度的差异有助于上—下地壳力学解耦,使相对低密度、低黏度的上地壳物质在俯冲隧道内快速折返。     

Permo-Carboniferous Radiolarians from the Wupata''erkan Group,Western South Tianshan, Xinjiang, China

1 IntroductionThe Wupata'erkan Group, also called Wupata'erkanFormation (Wang et al., 1990), in the western SouthTianshan, China (Fig. 1), mainly comprises gray and darkgray fine-grained clastic rocks, interlayered with medium-acidic volcanic rocks (andesite and quartz porphyry),carbonates, cherts and variegated tuffaceousconglomerates. The chert in the formation was firstly foundin our field trip along sections of the Qiqi'erjianakesu Riverand Kekebiele Daban. Deformation of the group is…     

新疆中天山地块星星峡群形成的构造背景及峰期变质条件

中天山地块是天山造山带的重要组成部分,其前寒武纪基底的年龄自西向东逐渐变老。星星峡群位于中天山地块最东端,是天山造山带最古老的前寒武纪基底。目前为止,有关星星峡群原岩形成的构造背景与后期发生的变形变质作用尚无详细研究。文章重点对星星峡群的变质片岩和片麻岩进行了野外观察和取样,室内开展了薄片观察、矿物电子探针分析以及全岩地球化学测试。全岩主量元素地球化学分析表明,星星峡群变质片岩和片麻岩的原岩主要为泥质岩和砂岩;微量与稀土元素结果显示,星星峡群沉积形成于大陆弧或活动大陆边缘环境。依据矿物电子探针成分分析数据结合全岩主量元素测试结果计算获得,星星峡群所经历的峰期变质温压条件大致为610~730℃,6.8~8.5 kbar。此外,通过最新的基底岩石变质年龄限定星星峡群发生峰期变质的时间大概在380 Ma。