岩浆-热液成矿系统中铁同位素地球化学研究现状

铁元素是岩浆-热液成矿系统中参与成矿的重要金属元素之一,岩浆-热液矿床中富铁矿物(黄铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、斑铜矿、毒砂、菱铁矿)的δ⁵⁶Fe值变化较大(-2.07‰～+1.58‰),指示铁同位素在岩浆演化、流体出溶和热液演化过程中均存在明显的分馏,因此,在约束岩浆-热液成矿系统中成矿金属的迁移-富集-沉淀过程和示踪成矿物质来源方面具有巨大的应用潜力。通过整理和分析前人研究资料,文章总结了岩浆-热液成矿系统岩浆演化、流体出溶和热液演化过程中铁同位素地球化学行为的研究现状。岩浆演化过程中铁同位素会发生显著分馏,如部分熔融过程中,熔体相比残余固相富集重铁同位素;矿物分离结晶会引起残余熔体铁同位素组成的变化,主要受含Fe²⁺或Fe³⁺矿物结晶的影响,如磁铁矿分离结晶会导致残余熔体铁同位素组成变轻,总体反映岩浆氧化还原状态对铁同位素分馏的主要控制作用,因此,含矿岩体铁同位素组成及其变化可用于确定岩浆的氧化还原状态。流体出溶是含矿岩浆演化成为岩浆热液矿床的关键过程,出溶流体相对于母岩富集轻铁同位素,但实验研究表明出溶流体铁...     

北祁连白银矿田火山成因块状硫化物矿床成矿金属来源讨论

在总结国外近年来火山成因块状硫化物矿床有关成矿金属来源的研究进 展的基础上，对白银矿田的矿石和斌矿流纹岩进行了铅同位素分析研究，发现白银矿田的成矿金属元素可能是岩浆流体和循环的热液流体混合的结果，岩浆流体主要提供Cu,Zn,Fe等金属元素的来源，循环的热液流体则从陆壳物质和大洋沉积物中淋滤出Pb.     

喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩——关键金属Sn-Cs-Tl的富集机制

关键金属是全球高科技产业不可或缺的战略性资源,其富集机制和成矿作用是目前国际矿床学研究的热点之一。我们对喜马拉雅带吉隆和亚东地区淡色花岗岩开展系统的地球化学研究,发现侵入到藏南拆离系的淡色花岗岩含有较高的Sn、Cs、Tl、Be、W、B、Li和Bi。全岩元素地球化学分析表明,这些淡色花岗岩具有如下特征：（1）富集关键金属元素;（2）为原始岩浆经历斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石、云母分离结晶作用后的残余熔体;（3）关键元素的富集和矿化与花岗岩高度分离结晶作用密切相关。随着分异程度的增强,岩浆变为富挥发分的高SiO₂体系,关键金属元素在残余熔体中富集,并且最后可能形成具有工业价值的矿床。由于地球化学特征的相似性,Cs和Tl呈类质同象替代钾、铷进入云母中。富集关键金属元素的花岗岩在时间上和空间上属于与藏南拆离系相关的同构造侵位花岗岩,藏南拆离系的活动促使了原始岩浆的广泛分离结晶作用,以及后期的关键金属元素（如Rb、Cs和Tl）的富集。     

西秦岭寨上金矿床地球化学特征 及成因机制研究

寨上金矿床共发现金矿脉22条,金矿体19条.通过氢、氧同位素分析得出:该区成矿流体水具有多来源特征.δ34S的组成特点可能反映了硫源为岩浆硫和地层硫的混合.碳的来源主要由海相沉积碳酸盐岩经溶解作用和花岗岩岩浆热液提供.矿石稀土元素并没有完全继承围岩的特征.成矿流体具有以下特征:成矿流体为中低温、低盐度、低密度、多期次活动的流体.金矿成矿是在300Ma之后燕山晚期形成的.成矿热液中,金主要以硫化物配合物的形式迁移.成矿流体与围岩发生充分的物质交换后.运移到裂隙发育部位,并因为流体的混合和围压突然降低,成矿流体产生强烈的沸腾作用,使成矿物质沉淀富集成矿.     

内蒙古赵井沟钽铌矿床成矿作用探讨——来自天河石化、钠长石化花岗岩年代学、岩石地球化学的证据

内蒙古武川县赵井沟钽铌多金属矿床是近年来华北板块北缘新发现的大型稀有金属矿床,然而前人对该矿床的形成时代以及构造背景存在较大争议。本文以与成矿关系密切的天河石化花岗岩和钠长石化花岗岩为研究对象,开展了岩相学、岩石地球化学、岩浆和热液锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及Lu-Hf同位素的研究,探讨了岩浆源区性质和成岩成矿的构造环境。研究结果表明,钠长石化花岗岩中热液锆石加权平均年龄为118.9 ± 1.8Ma;天河石化花岗岩岩浆锆石年龄为116±2Ma,热液锆石加权平均年龄结果为112.8±2.2Ma;热液锆石年龄略晚于岩浆锆石,说明热液锆石是在岩浆演化最后的熔体-流体相互作用阶段形成的。天河石化花岗岩和钠长石化花岗岩在主量元素上富硅、碱和铝,贫镁、钙、铁、钛和磷;在微量元素上均富集Rb、Th、U、Nb、Ta、Hf,强烈亏损Ba、Sr;其轻重稀土元素分异不明显,具有强烈的Eu负异常。岩体中发育以钠长石化,天河石化为主的蚀变,稀土元素呈现似M型"四分组"效应,Nb/Ta小于5,表明天河石化、钠长石化花岗岩经历了熔体和流体的相互作用。Lu-Hf同位素分析结果显示较负的ε_(Hf)(t)值(天河石化花岗岩:-10.91～-8.17;钠长石化花岗岩:-10.98～-9.19),其对应的两阶段模式年龄t_(DM2)分别为1689～1867Ma和1762～1871Ma,暗示富含Nb、Ta的中元古代渣尔泰山群、白云鄂博群为其岩浆源岩或提供了成岩、成矿物质。燕山晚期伸展的构造背景下,玄武质岩浆高位底侵富铌钽地壳造成减压部分熔融而形成的岩浆,岩浆在F、Cl等挥发组分的作用下发生结晶分异作用,造成铌、钽等成矿物质初步富集,并在岩浆晚期先后发生了以钠长石化、天河石化为代表的两期自交代作用及Nb、Ta的矿化作用,形成赵井沟钽铌多金属稀有矿床,该矿床为岩浆结晶分异-热液自交代作用混合成因。     

辽宁王家崴子金矿床地球化学研究

王家崴子金矿床赋存于辽南古元古代浅变质岩系中。矿床的微量元素、稀土元素及稳定同位素地球化学天空表明,成矿元素和成矿热液具有多来源,盖县组地层和岩浆水分别是主要的矿源层和成矿流体;中生代的构造岩浆活动导致金的多次富集;成矿主要集中于燕山期。王家崴子金矿床是具有多来源的岩浆热液型矿床。     

雪峰山铲子坪金矿床稳定同位素特征及成矿地质意义

铲子坪金矿位于雪峰山构造岩浆岩带的白马山复式花岗岩体外接触带附近。本文通过对铲子坪金矿床岩石地球化学以及稳定同位素的研究,探讨其矿床成矿物质来源及矿床成因。研究结果表明:矿石中金属硫化物的δ34S介于-7.58‰~+0.32‰,平均为-2.44‰,富轻硫,表明硫化物中的硫主要来自花岗岩浆,有部分地层硫酸盐中的硫混入;铅同位素组成相对稳定,变化范围很小。根据铅构造模式图解和△γ-△β图解,铅同位素主要来源于地幔,有部分地壳铅的加入;氢、氧同位素表明成矿流体具有变质热液和岩浆热液的双重性,成矿晚期热液有大气水成分加入;碳同位素表明成矿流体与砂质板岩关系密切,与地幔或深部流体有一定的关系,矿床成矿流体中的CO2很可能为壳幔混合;锶同位素研究表明,铲子坪金矿床的(87Sr/86Sr)i组成特征与华南陆壳重熔性花岗岩初始岩浆水的(87Sr/86Sr)i组成特征基本一致,表明其成矿作用可能与岩浆热液有关。铲子坪金矿成因类型为岩浆热液型。     

祁雨沟地区金矿床稳定同位素研究

对河南嵩县祁雨沟地区角砾岩型金矿床和蚀变岩型金矿床稳定同位素研究表明，两类矿床具有同一成矿流体来源－岩浆水；在早期－主期成矿阶段成矿流体以岩浆水为主，晚期矿化流体加入了相当数量的大气水。铅同位素组成表明金矿床的成矿物质与区内钙碱性花岗岩成岩皆主要来源自上地幔，混合铅的存在指示了上地壳地矿物质加入岩浆热液中，参与了金床床的成矿作用。     

四川省九龙县里伍铜田成矿物质来源探讨

本文通过氢氧同位素、硫同位素及微量元素的测试分析,结合矿田地质背景对成矿物质来源进行了分析,认为里伍铜矿田成矿物质主要与燕山期＂S＂型花岗岩的侵入作用有关。在岩浆侵入过程中,由于热作用的驱动,岩浆热液携带部分成矿物质,沿一定的通道上升或运移,并不断与围岩发生物质的带出和带入,成矿流体是以岩浆热液为主的多组份的热液体系。     

大兴安岭中南段布敦化铜矿床H-O-S-Pb同位素特征及成矿指示

布敦化铜矿是大兴安岭中南段一个斑岩-热液脉型复合铜矿床,包括南部的金鸡岭斑岩型铜矿段和北部的孔雀山热液脉型铜矿段。本文在详细的矿床地质特征研究基础上,通过对矿体的氢、氧、硫和铅同位素系统研究,探讨了成矿流体和成矿物质来源以及成矿机制。氢、氧同位素组成表明,金鸡岭矿段与孔雀山矿段早期成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,至成矿晚期有大气降水的参与。硫同位素分析结果表明金鸡岭矿段相对富集重硫,成矿热液的硫同位素组成为+2.54‰-+2.60‰。而孔雀山矿段相对富集轻硫,成矿热液的S同位素组成为-1.84‰--1.71‰,两矿段的硫同位素组成表明硫主要来源于地球深部,铅同位素组成则表明铅具壳幔混合的特点,其来源与岩浆活动密切相关。结合大兴安岭中南段区域地质演化历史认为,布敦化矿床两个矿段的成矿作用均是由流体混合而导致黄铜矿等金属硫化物的大量沉淀。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an